Isolation and Identification of Essential Oil Made From Kisar Sweet Orange Peels

Kisar sweet orange is an endemic fruit and primary commodity from Kisar Island, Southwest Maluku Regency - Maluku Province. Currently, Kisar sweet orangeswere only consumed as fresh fruit during this time, partially processed into juice and the peels were discarded as wastes. Kisar sweet orange peels can be processed into essential oil to increase their economic value. The essential oil made from orange peels is highly preferable, especially for the middle to upper-class consumers, for health and air-freshening purposes.  This essential oil has a higher selling value. This research aims at isolating and identifying the chemical components and quality of essential oil made from Kisar sweet orange peels. This essential oil was isolated using a steam distillation method, and its chemical components were identified using GC-MS instruments.. The research results showed that the essential oil made from Kisar sweet orange peels dried with a cabinet dryer for two days utilizing the steam distillation method provides a yield of 0.53%, with its properties of specific gravity of 0.8457, refractive index of 1.4651 (20°C), acid number of 1.92, ester number of 8.05, and solubility in alcohol of 1:9. The main chemical component of the essential oil made from Kisar sweet orange peels detected by GC-MS is limonene (70.80%)

Akurasi Karakterisasi Tingkat In situ Tanaman Ubi Jalar pada Dua Kecamatan di Kabupaten Seram Bagian Barat

Karakter morfologi tajuk ubi jalar dapat digunakan sebagai pembeda antar aksesi. Tujuan penelitian untuk mendapatkan sejumlah klon ubi jalar yang beragam berdasarkan morfologi tajuk serta ketepatan karakterisasi morfologi pada tingkat in situ. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survei di lima desa pada dua kecamatan yaitu kecamatan Inomosol dan Huamual Muka pada Kabupaten Seram Bagian Barat, Propinsi Maluku. Tahap pertama dengan mengkarakterisasi morfologi tajuk di kebun petani (in situ), dan tahap kedua penanaman dan karakterisasi ex situ di kebun koleksi pada umur tanaman 2 bulan menggunakan deskriptor ubi jalar. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 25 aksesi ubi jalar di kecamatan Inomosol dan Huamual Muka yang dibedakan berdasarkan bentuk dan warna daun, pola dan jumlah lekuk daun, warna tangkai dan batang, serta sifat membelit. Hasil verifikasi terhadap karakterisasi in situ didapatkan akurasi ≥80% pada 3 fenotip pada pola lekuk daun, daun dengan bentuk bagian tengah linear, daun dengan jumlah cuping 1, 5 dan 7, tulang daun permukaan bawah berwarna hijau, 2 fenotip pada warna tangkai daun, batang berwarna merah keunguan, serta ada warna tambahan pada batang. Sedangkan akurasi karakterisasi pada fenotip lainnya yaitu 0-76%. Kata kunci: ex situ, Ipomoea batatas, keragaman, Maluku, morfolog

PELATIHAN PENGOLAHAN TEPUNG SAGU MENJADI PRODUK TURUNAN BERNILAI TAMBAH

Tanaman sagu mampu menghasilkan 20–40-ton pati kering per hektar per tahun. Artinya, 1 juta hektar tanaman sagu sudah cukup untuk memenuhi kebutuhan karbohidrat seluruh rakyat Indonesia. Peningkatan produksi dan diversifikasi produk olahan sagu dapat membuka peluang usaha baru dan meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat. Desa Waesamu di Kecamatan Kairatu Barat, Kabupaten Seram Bagian Barat, merupakan salah satu desa yang aktif dalam mengolah sagu. Namun dalam pengolahannya belum optimal, karena hasil olahan dalam bentuk bahan setenga jadi yaitu sagu basah. Oleh sebab itu perlu dilakukan pengolahan produk-produk turunan dari sagu yang memiliki nilai tambah dan nilai jual. Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat berlangsung di Desa Waesamu melalui tahapan sosialisasi, pelatihan dan pendampingan kepada ibu-ibu PKK Desa Waesamu. Hasil kegiatan pengabdian yaitu tepung sagu diolah menjadi berbagai produk turunan, seperti kukis sagu keju, kukis sagu kismis, brownies sagu, dan mie sagu. Setiap kelompok mengolah salah satu produk dan mempresentasikan hasilnya kepada seluruh peserta pelatihan. Hasilnya sangat baik dan para peserta bersemangat untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan untuk pengolahan produk sagu menjadi peluang usaha untuk penambahan pendapatan keluarga

Reply to editorial and commentaries on Steele, Al-Mufti, Augustyn, Chandrajith, Coghlan, Coulson et al. (2018) "Cause of Cambrian explosion - Terrestrial or cosmic?"

No abstract availabl

Reply to commentary by R Duggleby (2019)

Duggleby (2018) has made a numerical analysis of some aspects of the wide range of phenomena we reviewed in Steele et al. (2018) and asserted " .that panspermia as proposed by Steele et al. (2018) is extremely implausible.” It seems to us that Duggleby has based his viewpoint on a quite narrow and specific model of Panspermia which he supposes to be active in the cosmos. Here we address both his conclusions and his numerical analysis. Our response therefore will be at two levels, his specific analysis and his general conclusions. In the specific section below we show that while Duggleby's numerical analysis appears in part correct it is, in the final analysis, quite irrelevant to Cosmic Panspermia. In the general response which follows we address his unsupported conclusion throughout his critique, namely that … " none of the examples mentioned by Steele et al. (2018) is decisive enough to allow no other explanation.

The role of motor simulation in action perception: a neuropsychological case study

Research on embodied cognition stresses that bodily and motor processes constrain how we perceive others. Regarding action perception the most prominent hypothesis is that observed actions are matched to the observer’s own motor representations. Previous findings demonstrate that the motor laws that constrain one’s performance also constrain one’s perception of others’ actions. The present neuropsychological case study asked whether neurological impairments affect a person’s performance and action perception in the same way. The results showed that patient DS, who suffers from a frontal brain lesion, not only ignored target size when performing movements but also when asked to judge whether others can perform the same movements. In other words DS showed the same violation of Fitts’s law when performing and observing actions. These results further support the assumption of close perception action links and the assumption that these links recruit predictive mechanisms residing in the motor system

A model of collaborative innovation between local government and tourism operators

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Cation insertion to break the activity/stability relationship for highly active oxygen evolution reaction catalyst

The production of hydrogen at a large scale by the environmentally-friendly electrolysis process is currently hampered by the slow kinetics of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). We report a solid electrocatalyst α-Li2IrO3 which upon oxidation/delithiation chemically reacts with water to form a hydrated birnessite phase, the OER activity of which is five times greater than its non-reacted counterpart. This reaction enlists a bulk redox process during which hydrated potassium ions from the alkaline electrolyte are inserted into the structure while water is oxidized and oxygen evolved. This singular charge balance process for which the electrocatalyst is solid but the reaction is homogeneous in nature allows stabilizing the surface of the catalyst while ensuring stable OER performances, thus breaking the activity/stability tradeoff normally encountered for OER catalysts

Assessment of Microbial Diversity in Biofilms Recovered from Endotracheal Tubes Using Culture Dependent and Independent Approaches

Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a common nosocomial infection in mechanically ventilated patients. Biofilm formation is one of the mechanisms through which the endotracheal tube (ET) facilitates bacterial contamination of the lower airways. In the present study, we analyzed the composition of the ET biofilm flora by means of culture dependent and culture independent (16 S rRNA gene clone libraries and pyrosequencing) approaches. Overall, the microbial diversity was high and members of different phylogenetic lineages were detected (Actinobacteria, beta-Proteobacteria, Candida spp., Clostridia, epsilon-Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Fusobacteria and gamma-Proteobacteria). Culture dependent analysis, based on the use of selective growth media and conventional microbiological tests, resulted in the identification of typical aerobic nosocomial pathogens which are known to play a role in the development of VAP, e.g. Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Other opportunistic pathogens were also identified, including Staphylococcus epidermidis and Kocuria varians. In general, there was little correlation between the results obtained by sequencing 16 S rRNA gene clone libraries and by cultivation. Pyrosequencing of PCR amplified 16 S rRNA genes of four selected samples resulted in the identification of a much wider variety of bacteria. The results from the pyrosequencing analysis suggest that these four samples were dominated by members of the normal oral flora such as Prevotella spp., Peptostreptococcus spp. and lactic acid bacteria. A combination of methods is recommended to obtain a complete picture of the microbial diversity of the ET biofilm