Sex Offender Treatment Program: Initial Recidivism Study

This report presents results of a recidivism study of participants in the Sex Offender Treatment Program at Hiland Mountain Correctional Center, Alaska Department of Corrections, from January 1987 to August 1995. The report provides an overview and history of sex offender treatment in Alaska as well as a literature review of other studies and findings on this area of treatment. The Alaska study, which was the first conducted of the treatment program, found that any level of treatment achieved resulted in less recidivism, with the longer the period of treatment, the lower the recidivism. The study also noted the high percentage of Alaska Natives in the program and the history of alcohol and substance abuse presented by many sex offenders. The majority of offenders in the program were guilty of assaulting children. The study discusses the program's cost benefits as well as the implications of its findings for probation and parole.Alaska Department of CorrectionsI. Introduction / II. Sex Offender Treatment in Alaska / III. Literature Review / IV. Methodology / V. Results / VI. Conclusions and Recommendations / VII. Reference

Les glissements sous-marins kimméridgiens du bassin subalpin, témoins possibles de variations eustatiques négatives

Mémoire HS n° 13 - Géologie Alpine : Le détritisme dans le Sud-Est de la France - Colloque Association des Géologues du Sud-est - Grenoble 11-12 décembre 1986Quatre glissements sous-marins, dont trois de vaste extension, sont recensés dans le Kimméridgien inférieur. Les trois premiers se mettent successivement en place à l'extrême sommet de la 'barre calcaire rauracienne' (Oxfordien sup.) et dans la base plus marneuse du Kimméridgien inférieur, le dernier dans la base d'une deuxième petite 'vire' qui termine le sous-étage. La coïncidence entre trois phénomènes tels que (a)- dérive momentanée de la sédimentation calcaire pélagique vers les marnes, (b)- glissements majeurs et (c)- renouvellements des faunes d'ammonites est donc répétée deux fois. L'eustatisme nous parait être le mécanisme le plus simple capable d'apporter une explication compréhensive à ces phénomènes

Le passage cénomanien-turonien dans les Monts des Ksour (Atlas Saharien Occidental, Algérie): biostratigraphie, géochimie et milieux de dépôt

In the Ksour Mountains (Western Saharan Atlas), the Cenomanian-Turonian transition has been studied stratigraphically and geochemically from two cross-sections: Djebel M’daouer and Chebket Tamednaïa. In these two sections, as on most of the shallow carbonate platforms of the South-Tethyan domain, the anoxic facies of the Cenomanian-Turonian boundary materialized by “black-shales” deposits are absent. In addition, the missing biostratigraphic data makes it difficult to establish a detailed biozonation for these two studied sections. The only two levels with rare ammonites of the Ghoundjaïa Formation at the M’daouer section allow to characterize the Vibrayeanus, Gamai and Cauvini zones. So, for both sections, it seems useful to apply an isotopic study which showed a positive excursion zone of the δ 13C lying along the Lower Member and the lower part of the Middle Member Ghoundjaïa Formation. This anomaly zone is marked by three well-defined and characteristics peaks of the Cenomanian-Turonian transition and the boundary between these two stages stands between peaks 2 and 3 coincident with the transition from Gamai to Cauvini zones. The recording of these three peaks allowed the local correlation with the Tamednaïa section where fauna of biostratigraphic value is missing.[fr] Dans les Monts des Ksour (Atlas saharien occidental), le passage cénomanien-turonien a été étudié sur le plan stratigraphique et géochimique à partir de deux coupes: Djebel M’daouer et Chebket Tamednaïa. Dans ces deux coupes, comme sur la plupart des plates-formes carbonatées peu profondes du domaine sud-téthysien, le faciès anoxique de la limite cénomanien-turonien matérialisé par des dépôts de “black-shales“ est absent. En plus, la rareté des données biostratigraphiques rend difficile l’établissement d’une biozonation détaillée pour les deux coupes étudiées. Les deux seuls niveaux à rares ammonites de la Formation de Ghoundjaïa dans la coupe de M’daouer ont permis de caractériser les zones à Vibrayeanus, à Gamai et à Cauvini. Donc pour les deux coupes, il parait utile de recourir à l’étude isotopique qui a montré une zone d’excursion positive du δ 13C s’étalant le long du Membre inférieur et la partie inférieure du Membre médian de la Formation de Ghoundjaïa. Cette zone d’anomalie est manifestée par trois pics marquants et caractéristiques du passage cénomanien-turonien et la limite entre ces deux étages se situe entre les pics 2 et 3 coïncidant avec le passage de la zone Gamai à la zone Cauvini. L’enregistrement de ces trois pics a rendu possible la corrélation locale de la coupe de Tamednaïa qui est dépourvue de faune valable sur le plan biostratigraphique

The Cenomanian-Turonian of the Saharan Atlas (Algeria)

International audienceThrough the correlation of a ten of sections from platform to basin we suggest that the Cenomanian-Turonian Boundary Event and the deposition of black shales are at least in part linked to morphologic changes due to shallow-water carbonate production during a rise in relative sea-level, at first slow, faster later

Towards a consistent Oxfordian–Kimmeridgian global boundary: current state of knowledge

New data are presented in relation to the worldwide definition of the Oxfordian/Kimmeridgian boundary, i.e. the base of the Kimmeridgian Stage. This data, mostly acquired in the past decade, supports the 2006 proposal to make the uniform boundary of the stages in the Flodigarry section at Staffin Bay on the Isle of Skye, northern Scotland. This boundary is based on the Subboreal-Boreal ammonite successions, and it is distinguished by the Pictonia flodigarriensis horizon at the base of the Subboreal Baylei Zone, and which corresponds precisely to the base of the Boreal Bauhini Zone. The boundary lies in the 0.16 m interval (1.24–1.08 m) below bed 36 in sections F6 at Flodigarry and it is thus proposed as the GSSP for the Oxfordian/Kimmeridgian boundary. This boundary is recognized also by other stratigraphical data – palaeontological, geochemical and palaeomagnetic (including its well documented position close to the boundary between magnetozones F3n, and F3r which is placed in the 0.20 m interval – 1.28 m to 1.48 m below bed 36 – the latter corresponding to marine magnetic anomaly M26r).The boundary is clearly recognizable also in other sections of the Subboreal and Boreal areas discussed in the study, including southern England, Pomerania and the Peri-Baltic Syneclise, Russian Platform, Northern Central Siberia, Franz-Josef Land, Barents Sea and Norwegian Sea. It can be recognized also in the Submediterranean-Mediterranean areas of Europe and Asia where it correlates with the boundary between the Hypselum and the Bimmamatum ammonite zones. The changes in ammonite faunas at the boundary of these ammonite zones – mostly of ammonites of the families Aspidoceratidae and Oppeliidae – also enables the recognition of the boundary in the Tethyan and Indo-Pacific areas – such as the central part of the Americas (Cuba, Mexico), southern America, and southern parts of Asia. The climatic and environmental changes near to the Oxfordian/Kimmeridgian boundary discussed in the study relate mostly to the European areas. They show that very unstable environments at the end of the Oxfordian were subsequently replaced by more stable conditions representing a generally warming trend during the earliest Kimmeridgian. The definition of the boundary between the Oxfordian and Kimmeridgian as given in this study results in its wide correlation potential and means that it can be recognized in the different marine successions of the World

Morphology and environment in the Jurassic Nucleatidae (Brachiopoda) from Western Tethys

Nucleatidae (Brachiopoda, Terebratulida) are commonly considered as typical members of the Mediterranean assemblages during the Jurassic. However, nucleatids occasionally also occur in the margins of Western Tethys (Northwestern European shelf). Some of these occurrences in northeastern Spain are analysed, detecting a relation between nucleatid morphology and palaeoenvironment during the Jurassic. The validity of this relationship for the whole of the representatives of the group in the Western Tethys during the Jurassic is tested by means of morphofunctional analyses (principal components analysis and discriminant analysis), concluding that reduction of the lateral expansion of the shell is the key morphological feature whereby epioceanic and epicontinental taxa differ. This change can have functional significance because it can be interpreted as a mechanism to reduce the area exposed when the valves gape, increasing protection against harmful particles in environments characterized by higher terrigenous input. Some modifications on the systematics of the Nucleatidae at the genus level are proposed on the basis of the temporal and biogeographical distribution of these adaptations