PENERAPAN METODE MAKE A MATCH UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA PADA PEMBELAJARAN IPS TENTANG MENGENAL UANG

Tujuan penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK) ini adalah untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa pada pembelajaran IPS tentang mengenal uang pada kelas III SDN Anyar 4.Untuk penelitian tersebut, peneliti menggunakan metode make a match. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kelas dengan 2 siklus.Yaitu siklus I dan siklus II, yang dimana tiap-tiap siklus terdiri dari pelaksanaan, perencanaan, observasi, dan refleksi. Padasiklus I dan siklus II ini penelitian terdiri dari 1 kali pertemuan. Dengan demikian penelitian ini terdiri dari 2 kali pertemuan selama siklus I dan siklus II.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas peserta didik pada siklus 1 memperoleh presentase sebesar 56,67%, sedangkan pada siklus II memproleh presentase sebesar 75%. Selanjutnya terdapat peningkatan kemampuan peserta di dikterkait ketuntasan hasil belajar pada pembelajaran IPS tentang mengenal uang ditunjukkan dengan peningkatan nilai rata-rata peserta didik mulai dari pra siklus 53,6, siklus I 59,7, dansiklus II 82,2. Dengan demikian, metode make a match pada mata pelajaran IPS tentang mengenal uang pada kelas III SDN Anyar 4 telah menunjukkan aktivitas dan hasil belajar yang telah diharapkan. Hal tersebut dapat dilihat dari presentasi kemajuan aktivitas dan hasil belajar peserta didik yang semakin meningkat.Kesimpulan penelitian bahwa dengan menggunakan metode make a match dapat meningkatkan aktivitas dan hasil belajar siswa kelas III SDN Anyar 4

The Path towards 1.5 degrees Celsius. CEPS Policy Brief No. 336, 3 December 2015

In less than one year, the country-led exercise in preparing Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs) has accomplished what the top-down approach characteristic of the UNFCCC has not been able to achieve in over 21 years of negotiations, namely to produce a sound agreement to reduce climate change. As such, the UNFCCC should adopt a new process similar to that used in developing the INDCs, in which Parties to the Convention would mobilise their national efforts, but on a wider scale and under certain agreed binding conditions. To ensure a comprehensive engagement, this Policy Brief recommends the introduction of a four-tier system in which the most developed nations called upon to take the lead, but with the very least developed nations also contributing to the intended UN objective

Hopf maps and Wigner's little groups

We present the explicit formulae relating Hopf maps with Wigner's little groups. They, particularly, explain simple action of group on a fiber for the first and second Hopf fibrations, and present most simplified form for the third one. Corresponding invariant Lagrangians are presented, and their possible reductions are discussed.Comment: 9pp, published versio

PENYUSUNAN MODUL PENGAYAAN BAKTERI BERDASARKAN POLA PERTUMBUHAN Acetobacter xylinum PADA PEMBUATAN NATA DE COCO, NATA DE SOYA, DAN NATA DE CASSAVA BAGI SISWA SMA KELAS X SEMESTER GASAL

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pola pertumbuhan bakteri Acetobacter xylinum pada proses pembuaan nata de coco, nata de soya, dan nata de cassava, mengetahui potensi hasil penelitian mengenai pola pertumbuhan bakteri Acetobacter xylinum sebagai sumber belajar yang dikemas dalam bentuk modul pengayaan bakteri untuk siswa SMA kelas X semester gasal, serta mengetahui kualitas modul pengayaan bakteri dari aspek materi/isi, kebahasaan, penyajian, dan kegrafisan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian R&D (Research and Development) meliputi penelitian eksperimen mengenai pola pertumbuhan bakteri Acetobacter xylinum pada proses pembuatan nata de coco, nata de soya, dan nata de cassava yang kemudian dikemas sebagai sumber belajar dalam bentuk modul pengayaan. Pengemasan hasil penelitian ke dalam bentuk bahan ajar modul merupakan penelitian pengembangan yang menerapkan prosedur ADD (analysis, design, and development). Modul diujicoba secara terbatas untuk kualitas modul dengan menggunakan angket penilaian pada aspek materi/isi, kebahasaan, penyajian, dan kegrafisan. Sampel yang digunakan terdiri dari 15 siswa kelas XI IPA dan 2 Guru Biologi SMA N 1 Depok, Sleman, Yogyakarta. Data kualitas modul merupakan hasil konversi dari rata-rata setiap aspek. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, diketahui bahwa pola pertumbuhan bakteri Acetobacter xylinum pada ketiga jenis nata tidak berbeda secara signifikan., Bakteri melalui fase adaptasi pada proses pembuatan nata de soya dan nata de cassava, sedangkan pada pembuatan nata de coco tidak. Hasil uji organoleptik menunjukkan bahwa produk metabolit ketiga jenis nata memiliki kualitas yang baik. Penelitian mengenai pola pertumbuhan bakteri Acetobacter xylinum ini memiliki potensi sebagai sumber belajar Biologi untuk submateri bakteri bagi siswa SMA/MA kelas X semester gasal. Secara keseluruhan, penilaian yang diberikan guru dan siswa terhadap modul yang telah disusun berdasarkan aspek materi/isi, kebahasaan, penyajian, dan kegrafisan termasuk dalam kategori Sangat Baik, sehingga modul dapat digunakan sebagai modul pengayaan bagi siswa SMA. Kata kunci: pola pertumbuhan, bakteri Acetobacter xylinum, nata, modul pengayaa

Development Of A Portable Membrane-Color-Sensor For Detection Of Heavy Metal

A basic requirement of colorimetric membrane-based sensors is to allow the target analyte to access to the chromophore while retaining a strong chromophore immobilization on the membrane surface. This study elucidates the fundamental perceptive of membrane morphologies and their influences on the binding of chromophores to detect aqueous heavy metals ions. Flat sheet membranes consist of mixed polymer cellulose acetate (CA) and chitosan (CS) was acts as the sensing platform for chromophore binding. Membrane with 17 wt.% CA and 1 wt.% CS showed to have the high binding capacity and high binding stability up to 90 days of measurement. The addition of deionized water (DI) as the non-solvent additive has also shown to improve the membrane porousness, which improved the sensor’s sensitivity. Visible color changes of the colorimetric membrane from blue-greenish to peachy-pink was observed when it was in contact with the Pb2+ ions in 1 ppm Pb(NO3)2. Selection of sensitive chromophore (Dithizone, 1-(2-pyridylazo) 2-naphthol and 4-(2-pyridylazo)-resorcinol) and its immobilization strategy on the membrane sensor has also been carried out. Dithizone (DTz) at unadjusted pH was capable to produce an obvious color transition observed through UV-visible absorption spectrum and naked eyes recognition. The optimum immobilization of DTz required the concentration of 100 ppm and 10 minutes immobilization time. To determine the sensitivity and selectivity of the developed colorimetric sensor in the single and mixed aqueous heavy metals ions solution, the sensing conditions such as pH, type of heavy metals (Pb2+, Hg2+, Zn2+ and Cu2+), concentration and response time were evaluated. The developed DTz-membrane sensor in this work has exhibited quick (within 1 minute) color change and was able to display distinctive color changes from blue-greenish to peachy-pink, yellowish-orange, red-violet and reddish-brown in the response to the presence of Pb2+, Hg2+, Zn2+ and Cu2+ in aqueous solutions. The quantitative analysis using RGB (R:Red; G:Green; B:Blue) data showed that each tested metal ions have demonstrated their own RGB’s recognition pattern phase without significant interfering effects among the heavy metal ions. This showed the potential for practical applications of on-site quick detection on either single or mixed heavy metal ions. The DTz-CA/CS membrane showed a distinctive color changed in the detection of synthetic heavy metals ions in the water that obtain from Kerian River. The synthetic heavy metals ions was prepared the at maximum permissible limit of 0.1 ppm Pb2+, 2.0 ppm Zn2+ and 0.2 ppm Cu2+ for industrial effluent (Standard A) by Malaysian Department of Environment. This membrane sensor was successfully applied for the determination of heavy metals ions not only limited to river water quality assessment but also included the cosmetic product analysis (lipstick samples) at the low trace level of heavy metals ions

Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Energi Dan Penggunaannya Pada Siswa Kelas IV SDN Mansahang Melalui Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Jigsaw

Penelitian untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar energi dan penggunaannya telah selesai dilaksanakan pada siswa kelas IV SD Negeri Mansahang melalui penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe jigsaw. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK). Subjek penelitian siswa Kelas IV SD Negeri Mansahang tahun pelajaran 2013/2014 sebanyak 26 orang. Penelitian dilaksanakan dalam 2 siklus yang tiap siklus meliputi perencanaan, tindakan, observasi dan refleksi. Data penelitian dikumpulkan melalui tes hasil belajar dan lembar observasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terjadi peningkatan hasil belajar Energi dan Penggunaannya melalui Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Jigsaw. Rata-rata hasil belajar siswa pada siklus I sebesar 67,11 naik menjadi 74,23 pada siklus II. Ketuntasan belajar secara klasikal meningkat dari 61,54 % pada siklus I menjadi 92,31% pada siklus II atau mengalami peningkatan sebesar 30,77%

Direct Nonparametric Predictive Inference Classification Trees

Classification is the task of assigning a new instance to one of a set of predefined categories based on the attributes of the instance. A classification tree is one of the most commonly used techniques in the area of classification. In recent years, many statistical methodologies have been developed to make inferences using imprecise probability theory, one of which is nonparametric predictive inference (NPI). NPI has been developed for different types of data and has been successfully applied to several fields, including classification. Due to the predictive nature of NPI, it is well suited for classification, as the nature of classification is explicitly predictive as well. In this thesis, we introduce a novel classification tree algorithm which we call the Direct Nonparametric Predictive Inference (D-NPI) classification algorithm. The D-NPI algorithm is completely based on the NPI approach, and it does not use any other assumptions. As a first step for developing the D-NPI classification method, we restrict our focus to binary and multinomial data types. The D-NPI algorithm uses a new split criterion called Correct Indication (CI), which is completely based on NPI and does not use any additional concepts such as entropy. The CI reflects how informative attribute variables are, hence if the attribute variable is very informative, it gives high NPI lower and upper probabilities for CI. In addition, the CI reports the strength of the evidence that the attribute variables will indicate regarding the possible class state for future instances, based on the data. The performance of the D-NPI classification algorithm is compared against several classification algorithms from the literature, including some imprecise probability algorithms, using different evaluation measures. The experimental results indicate that the D-NPI classification algorithm performs well and tends to slightly outperform other classification algorithms. Finally, a study of the D-NPI classification tree algorithm with noisy data is presented. Noisy data are data that contain incorrect values for the attribute variables or class variable. The performance of the D-NPI classification tree algorithm with noisy data is studied and compared to other classification tree algorithms when different levels of random noise are added to the class variable or to attribute variables. The results indicate that the D-NPI classification algorithm performs well with class noise and slightly outperforms other classification algorithms, while there is no single classification algorithm that acts as the best performing algorithm with attribute noise

Design and characterization of a strong positron source at the MSTR beam port

“For many years, slow positron sources have found uses in diverse fields including medical physics, nuclear physics, biology, surface science, exotic atom research and space science. The purpose of this work is to design and optimize a reactor-based positron source at the Missouri University of Science and Technology Reactor (MSTR) beam port and quantify its intensity. Monte Carlo simulations using the MCNP6 code were used to model the positron production and moderation processes at the MSTR beam port. The thermal neutron flux at the beam port was determined experimentally and used in the source definition of the radiation transport simulations. The source comprised a Cd (n,γ) converter with a tungsten foil grid acting as both pair production target and positron moderator. This work provides rigorously calculated moderator efficiency tabulations for tungsten foil moderators over a relevant range of positron energies and incidence angles. To optimize the positron source for MSTR, slow positron extraction yields were simulated over a range of foil thickness, grid lengths, foil-to-foil pitch sizes, and extraction voltages. A 3 cm in length by 0.2 cm in pitch tungsten grid with 10 μm thick foils was found to maximize the rate of positron extraction in an extraction potential range of 100 to 300 V while longer and narrower grids are more efficient at higher extraction potentials. In its current core configuration, the MSTR would provide a comparatively weak source of positrons. However, several methods for increasing positron yield are suggested including: reconfiguring the core, increasing reactor power, and placing the positron source inside the beam tube”--Abstract, page iii