Comunicación corta. Actividad insecticida de diferentes extractos de Rhamnus dispermus (Rhamnaceae) contra el pulgón negro de la madera, Pterochloroides persicae (Homoptera: Lachnidae)

Bark of Rhamnus dispermus Ehrenb (Rhamnaceae) was collected from Ash-Shoubak, Jordan, and extracted with hexane, chloroform, acetone and ethanol, respectively. The aim of this study was to test the insecticidal activity of these extracts against the peach trunk aphid (PTA), Pterochloroides persicae (Homoptera: Lachnidae), since it has been shown that Rhamnus spp. may contain compounds that can act as botanical pesticides. Three concentrations (100, 1000, and 10,000 ppm) of each dry extract were obtained by dissolving the dry extract in 0.01% solution of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Results showed that, at the highest concentration (10,000 ppm), all the extracts caused mortality in the PTA adults after 24 h of exposure. Both the acetone and ethanol extracts showed higher mortality (69 and 71%, respectively) than the hexane and chloroform extracts (40 and 56%, respectively) after 72 h of exposure at the highest concentration. In comparison, the synthetic control, Imidacloprid, killed 93% of the PTA adults. Nevertheless, extracts from R. dispermus provided valuable mortality rates for the PTA and can be used as botanical insecticides as part of the integrated pest management programs of this insect pest.Dado que Rhamnus spp. puede contener compuestos que actúen como pesticidas botánicos, se recolectó corteza de Rhamnus dispermus Ehrenb (Rhamnaceae) en Ash-Shoubak, Jordania, y se prepararon extractos de hexano, cloroformo, acetona y etanol, para analizar su actividad insecticida contra el pulgón negro de la madera (PTA), Pterochloroides persicae (Homoptera: Lachnidae). Se prepararon tres concentraciones de cada extracto seco (100, 1.000, y 10.000 ppm) disolviendo cada extracto seco en soluciones dimetilsulfóxido (DMSO) al 0,01%. En la concentración máxima (10.000 ppm), todos los extractos produjeron mortalidad a los adultos de PTA después de 24 h de exposición. A las 72 h de exposición, los extractos de acetona y etanol a 10.000 ppm produjeron una mayor mortalidad (69 y 71%, respectivamente) que los extractos de hexano y cloroformo (40 y 56%, respectivamente). En comparación, el control sintético Imidacloprid produjo la muerte del 93% de los adultos de PTA. Sin embargo, los extractos de R. dispermus producen una mortalidad apreciable en los PTA y pueden ser utilizados como insecticidas botánicos como parte de los programas de manejo integrado de esta plaga

Effect of Three Apple Rootstocks on the Population of the Small Red-Belted Clearwing Borer, Synanthedon myopaeformis

Experiments were conducted in Ash-Shoubak area of Jordan from June 2003 to September 2005 to study the effect of three apple rootstocks on the development of the small red-belted clearwing borer, Synanthedon myopaeformis (Borkh.) (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae), under field conditions. Mondial Gala apple trees grafted on the dwarfing rootstock M9 and the semi-dwarfing rootstock M26 were equally infested, whereas those grafted on MM106 showed significantly lower infestation levels. S. myopaeformis bore into burr knots that develop below a graft union on rootstocks and girdle the tree. There was a significant effect of rootstock on the numbers of burrs present, and the percentage of burr knots infested by S. myopaeformis, with M106 having significantly fewer burrs, and a lower percent infested

Management and within-tree spatial distribution of the small red-belted clearwing borer, Symmthedon myopaeformis (Borkhausen) (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae), infesting dwarfing apple orchards in southern Jordan

Experiments were conducted in the Ash-Shoubak apple-growing region of southern Jordan to determine the impact of four management practices on reducing populations of the small red-belted clearwing borer, Synanthedon myopaeformis (Borkhausen) infesting apple cultivars grafted on M26, M109, and M106 rootstocks. Results revealed that use of a flexible wire to mechanically kill insect larvae, mounding soil over the graft-union area, wrapping tree trunks with cheesecloth from the soil surface to a height of 80 cm, and use of an insecticidal paint composed of water, copper sulfate, petroleum oil, and Durusban®, all reduced the insect populations compared with untreated control trees. The insecticidal paint treatment caused the greatest population reduction. More S. myopaeformis larvae were recovered from the main trunk of the trees than from main and sub-main lateral branches

Aqueous Extracts of Some Medicinal Plants are as Toxic as Lmidacloprid to the Sweet Potato Whitefly, Bemisia tabaci

Aqueous extracts of nine plants, known to have medicinal activity, were tested for their toxicity against the sweet potato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci Genn. (Homoptera: Aleurodidae) compared to the toxicity of the insecticide, Imidacloprid. Extracts of Lepidiuim sativum L. (Brassicales: Brassicaceae) killed 71 % of early stage nymphs, which was not significantly different from mortality caused by Imidacloprid. Treatment of pupae with three plant extracts, L. sativum, Achillea biebersteinii L. (Asterales: Asteraceae), or Retama raetam (Forssk.) Webb and Berthel (Fabales: Fabaceae) prevented adult development, and treatment with R. raetam extract killed adults, at levels that were not significantly different from Imidacloprid. None of the other plants showed significant toxicity. However extracts of four plants, Pimpinella anisum L. (Apiales: Apiaceae), Galium longifolium (Sibth. and SM.) (Gentianales: Rubiaceae), R. raetam and Ballota undulata Bentham (Lamiales: Lamiaceae) had a repellent effect

Review of anthraquinone applications for pest management and agricultural crop protection

We have reviewed published anthraquinone applications for international pest management and agricultural crop protection from 1943 to 2016. Anthraquinone (AQ) is commonly found in dyes, pigments and many plants and organisms. Avian repellent research with AQ began in the 1940s. In the context of pest management, AQ is currently used as a chemical repellent, perch deterrent, insecticide and feeding deterrent in many wild birds, and in some mammals, insects and fishes. Criteria for evaluation of effective chemical repellents include efficacy, potential for wildlife hazards, phytotoxicity and environmental persistence. As a biopesticide, AQ often meets these criteria of efficacy for the non-lethal management of agricultural depredation caused by wildlife. We summarize published applications of AQ for the protection of newly planted and maturing crops from pest birds. Conventional applications of AQ-based repellents include preplant seed treatments [e.g. corn (Zea mays L.), rice (Oryza sativa L.), sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), wheat (Triticum spp.), millet (Panicum spp.), sorghum (Sorghumbicolor L.), pelletized feed and forest tree species] and foliar applications for rice, sunflower, lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), turf, sugar beets (Beta vulgaris L.), soybean (Glycine max L.), sweet corn and nursery, fruit and nut crops. In addition to agricultural repellent applications, AQ has also been used to treat toxicants for the protection of non-target birds. Few studies have demonstrated AQ repellency in mammals, including wild boar (Sus scrofa, L.), thirteen-lined ground squirrels (Ictidomys tridecemlineatus,Mitchill), black-tailed prairie dogs (Cyomys ludovicainus, Ord.), common voles (Microtus arvalis, Pallas), housemice (Musmusculus, L.), Tristram’s jirds (Meriones tristrami, Thomas) and black rats (Rattus rattus L.). Natural sources of AQ and its derivatives have also been identified as insecticides and insect repellents. As a natural or synthetic biopesticide, AQ is a promising candidate for many contexts of non-lethal and insecticidal pest management

from the sweet potato whitefly Bemesia tabaci Genn.

Isolation and identification of culturable forms of bacteri

Short communication. Insecticidal activity of different extracts of Rhamnus dispermus (Rhamnaceae) against peach trunk aphid, Pterochloroides persicae (Homoptera: Lachnidae)

Bark of Rhamnus dispermus Ehrenb (Rhamnaceae) was collected from Ash-Shoubak, Jordan, and extracted with hexane, chloroform, acetone and ethanol, respectively. The aim of this study was to test the insecticidal activity of these extracts against the peach trunk aphid (PTA), Pterochloroides persicae (Homoptera: Lachnidae), since it has been shown that Rhamnus spp. may contain compounds that can act as botanical pesticides. Three concentrations (100, 1000, and 10,000 ppm) of each dry extract were obtained by dissolving the dry extract in 0.01% solution of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Results showed that, at the highest concentration (10,000 ppm), all the extracts caused mortality in the PTA adults after 24 h of exposure. Both the acetone and ethanol extracts showed higher mortality (69 and 71%, respectively) than the hexane and chloroform extracts (40 and 56%, respectively) after 72 h of exposure at the highest concentration. In comparison, the synthetic control, Imidacloprid, killed 93% of the PTA adults. Nevertheless, extracts from R. dispermus provided valuable mortality rates for the PTA and can be used as botanical insecticides as part of the integrated pest management programs of this insect pest