Влияние на биовъглен върху добив от царевица и микробиална активност при Алувиално- ливадна почва

A three-year field experiment with maize was carried out on fluvisol. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of biochar on maize yield at different levels of water stress and its effect on the amount of soil microorganisms. The following variants were studied: control with no biochar addition, and variants with biochar. Biochar was applied in 2 t/ha in 2016, produced by pyrolysis of rice straw, then in 3 t/ha in 2017 and 10 t/ha in 2018, both obtained by pyrolysis of oak bark. These variants were divided into three more depending on the irrigation regime: i.e. non-irrigated, irrigation at dT>0 °C, and irrigation at dT0 и поливен при dT<-1. Установено е, че при неполивни условия, ефектът на биовъглена по отношение на добива от царевица не се проявява и през трите години от добавянето му в почвата. Доказано е, че при условията на поливен воден режим, когато поливките са съобразени с водния стрес на растенията, по-високи добиви от царевицата се получават през третата година, когато и внасянето на биовъглена в почвата е в най-голямо количество (10 t/ha). При това, колкото по-скоро (при по-нисък воден стрес dT<-1) са подадени поливките, толкова по-висок е добивът. Почвената влажност се изменя по-бавно при вариантите с биовъглен като най добри стойности на температурната разлика са получени при поливка при dT<-1 през 2018 година. Направената оценка показва, че влиянието на биовъглена е значително по-голямо върху почвената микрофлора. Най-силно изразен стимулиращ ефект на биовъглена е получен спрямо бактериалните популации

Current Wildland Fire Patterns and Challenges in Europe : A Synthesis of National Perspectives

Changes in climate, land use, and land management impact the occurrence and severity of wildland fires in many parts of the world. This is particularly evident in Europe, where ongoing changes in land use have strongly modified fire patterns over the last decades. Although satellite data by the European Forest Fire Information System provide large-scale wildland fire statistics across European countries, there is still a crucial need to collect and summarize in-depth local analysis and understanding of the wildland fire condition and associated challenges across Europe. This article aims to provide a general overview of the current wildland fire patterns and challenges as perceived by national representatives, supplemented by national fire statistics (2009-2018) across Europe. For each of the 31 countries included, we present a perspective authored by scientists or practitioners from each respective country, representing a wide range of disciplines and cultural backgrounds. The authors were selected from members of the COST Action "Fire and the Earth System: Science & Society" funded by the European Commission with the aim to share knowledge and improve communication about wildland fire. Where relevant, a brief overview of key studies, particular wildland fire challenges a country is facing, and an overview of notable recent fire events are also presented. Key perceived challenges included (1) the lack of consistent and detailed records for wildland fire events, within and across countries, (2) an increase in wildland fires that pose a risk to properties and human life due to high population densities and sprawl into forested regions, and (3) the view that, irrespective of changes in management, climate change is likely to increase the frequency and impact of wildland fires in the coming decades. Addressing challenge (1) will not only be valuable in advancing national and pan-European wildland fire management strategies, but also in evaluating perceptions (2) and (3) against more robust quantitative evidence.Peer reviewe

Съдържание и износ на основни макроелементи с биомасата и зърното на ечемик (Hordeum vulgare L.) отглеждан като последействие

A field study with spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) was conducted on the area of long-term balance experiment in Tsalapitsa village near Plovdiv (Bulgaria), on alluvial-meadow soil. Mineral fertilization was not applied to this crop in order to equalize the area regarding nutrient content. The crop grown before barley was maize with 4 variants of fertilization and one control variant: N0P0, N100Р50, N150Р100, N200Р150, and N250P200. The present study aimed to evaluate the productivity, content and uptake of macronutrients (N, P, K, Ca and Mg) with the biomass of barley, grown as aftereffect. Due to the fertilization of the previous crop, different residual amounts of nutrients in soil lead to significant variability in barley yields. The highest grain yield was obtained in variant N250P200 - 3978.8 kg/ha, approximately four times higher than the yield in the control. Nitrogen content in the grain of barley is also influenced by the variants, being the lowest in the control - 1.25%, and the highest in variants N250P200 and N200P150 - 2.13% and 2.09%, respectively. The variability of P, K, Ca and Mg contents by variants is lower. With the total biomass of barley, depending on the variants of the experiment, between 23.2 - 132.7 kg N/ha; 26.6 - 146.3 kg K/ha and 9.3 - 36.5 kg P/ha were exported from the field. A good regression relationship was found between barley grain yield and nitrogen export with the total biomass (R2 = 0.859, P≤0.001).Върху площта на многогодишен балансов опит в ОП Цалапица, Пловдивско (България), на Aлувиално-ливадна почва е проведен полски експеримент с пролетен ечемик (Hordeum vulgare L.). При този посев не се прилага минерално торене, с цел изравняване на площта по отношение на съдържанието на хранителни елементи. Предшественик на ечемика е царевица с 4 варианта на торене и един контролен вариант: N0P0, N100Р50, N150Р100, N200Р150 и N250P200. Целта на настоящото изследване е да се оценят продуктивността, съдържанието и износа на основни макроелементи (N, P, K, Ca и Mg) с биомасата на ечемик, отглеждан като последействие. Вследствие на торенето на предшественика остатъчните количества хранителни елементи в почвата водят до доказано вариране на добивите от ечемик. Най-висок добив зърно е получен при вариант N250P200 - 3978.8 kg/ha, който е приблизително 4 пъти по-висок, отколкото в контролата. Съдържанието на азот в зърното на ечемика също се повлиява доказано от вариантите в опита, като е най-ниско в контролата – 1.25%, а най-високо във варианти N250P200 и N200Р150, съответно 2.13 и 2.09%. Съдържанието на пепелни елементи - P, K, Ca и Mg, варира по-слабо по варианти. С получената обща биомаса на ечемика, в зависимост от вариантите в опита от полето се изнасят между 23.2 kg и 132.7 kg N/ha, между 26.6 и 146.3 kg K/ha и между 9.3 и 36.5 kg P/ha. Установява се много добра регресионна зависимост R2 = 0.859, P≤0.001 между добива от зърно и износа на азот с общата биомаса на ечемика

Current Wildland Fire Patterns and Challenges in Europe : A Synthesis of National Perspectives

Changes in climate, land use, and land management impact the occurrence and severity of wildland fires in many parts of the world. This is particularly evident in Europe, where ongoing changes in land use have strongly modified fire patterns over the last decades. Although satellite data by the European Forest Fire Information System provide large-scale wildland fire statistics across European countries, there is still a crucial need to collect and summarize in-depth local analysis and understanding of the wildland fire condition and associated challenges across Europe. This article aims to provide a general overview of the current wildland fire patterns and challenges as perceived by national representatives, supplemented by national fire statistics (2009–2018) across Europe. For each of the 31 countries included, we present a perspective authored by scientists or practitioners from each respective country, representing a wide range of disciplines and cultural backgrounds. The authors were selected from members of the COST Action “Fire and the Earth System: Science & Society” funded by the European Commission with the aim to share knowledge and improve communication about wildland fire. Where relevant, a brief overview of key studies, particular wildland fire challenges a country is facing, and an overview of notable recent fire events are also presented. Key perceived challenges included (1) the lack of consistent and detailed records for wildland fire events, within and across countries, (2) an increase in wildland fires that pose a risk to properties and human life due to high population densities and sprawl into forested regions, and (3) the view that, irrespective of changes in management, climate change is likely to increase the frequency and impact of wildland fires in the coming decades. Addressing challenge (1) will not only be valuable in advancing national and pan-European wildland fire management strategies, but also in evaluating perceptions (2) and (3) against more robust quantitative evidence

Current wildland fire patterns and challenges in Europe: a synthesis of national perspectives

Summarization: Changes in climate, land use, and land management impact the occurrence and severity of wildland fires in many parts of the world. This is particularly evident in Europe, where ongoing changes in land use have strongly modified fire patterns over the last decades. Although satellite data by the European Forest Fire Information System provide large-scale wildland fire statistics across European countries, there is still a crucial need to collect and summarize in-depth local analysis and understanding of the wildland fire condition and associated challenges across Europe. This article aims to provide a general overview of the current wildland fire patterns and challenges as perceived by national representatives, supplemented by national fire statistics (2009–2018) across Europe. For each of the 31 countries included, we present a perspective authored by scientists or practitioners from each respective country, representing a wide range of disciplines and cultural backgrounds. The authors were selected from members of the COST Action “Fire and the Earth System: Science & Society” funded by the European Commission with the aim to share knowledge and improve communication about wildland fire. Where relevant, a brief overview of key studies, particular wildland fire challenges a country is facing, and an overview of notable recent fire events are also presented. Key perceived challenges included (1) the lack of consistent and detailed records for wildland fire events, within and across countries, (2) an increase in wildland fires that pose a risk to properties and human life due to high population densities and sprawl into forested regions, and (3) the view that, irrespective of changes in management, climate change is likely to increase the frequency and impact of wildland fires in the coming decades. Addressing challenge (1) will not only be valuable in advancing national and pan-European wildland fire management strategies, but also in evaluating perceptions (2) and (3) against more robust quantitative evidence.Presented on