INVESTIGATION INTO NATURAL GAS LIQUEFACTION METHODS, LNG TRANSPORT AND STORAGE

Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) processes are very new in Turkey. The Government of Turkey, due to diversification of supply and balancing of seasonal load, decided to import LNG from Algeria. The first shipment in Marmara Ereğli import terminal has been carried out in the August the 3 rd, 1994. LNG after regasification will be injected into the main transmission pipeline. The share of LNG in the world natural gas trade was approixmately 22.1% in 1988. According to the forecast, LNG share will be rapidly spreading all over the world in near future. In this paper, treatment, liquefaction, transport, storage, regasification, distribution and utilisation of LNG are examined. Particular attention has given into liquefaction of natural gas

The use of paraffin wax in a new solar cooker with inner and outer reflectors

In this paper, the potential use and effectiveness of paraffin wax in a new solar cooker was experimentally investigated during daylight and late evening hours. For these experiments, a cooker having an inner reflecting surface was designed, constructed by filling paraffin wax and metal shavings. The side- and sub-surface temperatures of the paraffin wax in the cooker are measured in the summer months of June and July. The thermal efficiency of the cooker was tested on different conditions. The results show that the optimum angle of the outer reflector is 30°. Here, the peak temperature of the paraffin wax in the solar cooker was 83.4 °C. The average solar radiation reflected makes a contribution of 9.26% to the temperature of paraffin wax with the outer reflector. The solar cooker with the outer reflector angle of 30° receives also reflected radiation from the inner reflectors. Besides, the heating time is decreased to approximately 1 hour. The designed solar cooker can be effectively used with 30.3% daily thermal efficiency and paraffin wax due to the amount of energy stored

Effects of Surface Roughness on the Performance of Tangential Inlet Cyclone Separators

WOS: 000290718200007This study is carried out to investigate the effects of surface roughness on the flow field and cyclone performance. The flow inside the cyclone separator is modeled as a three-dimensional turbulent continuous gas flow with solid particles as a discrete phase. The continuous gas flow is predicted by solving the governing equations by using the Reynolds Stress turbulence model, and the modeling of the particle motions is based on a Lagrangian approach. The results of the numerical simulations are compared with experimental data as well as with the results of mathematical models. Analysis of computed results shows that increase of relative roughness due to corrosion, wear, or accumulation of particles on the inner walls considerably influences the tangential velocity, cyclone separation efficiency, and cyclone pressure drop especially for high inlet velocities. Decreases in cyclone collection efficiency and pressure drop with the increase in surface roughness are found to be more pronounced for high values of relative roughness

The neglected value of phosphate ion for respiratory functions in cardiac surgery

Objective: Hypophosphatemia can cause a chain of chemical reactions leading to acute respiratory failure. Therefore it is of potential with regard torelevance with postoperative respiratory complications. The aim of our study was to evaluate the correlation between the serum phosphate level and pulmonary functions after cardiac surgery. Material: A total of 66 patients who had a normal initial phosphate level and who had cardiac surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass in a tertiary healthcare hospital between November 2013 and May 2014 were enrolled in our study. All of their data was retrospectively evaluated. Method: All the operations were performed by the same surgical team. Patients were grouped according to postoperative serum phosphate levels as group A with normal level and group B with low level. Results: The demographic and pre-operative variables were found to be similar between both groups (p > 0.05). Intraoperative and postoperative comparisons of the two groups showed that the postoperative phosphate level (p = 0.001) and postoperative use of inotropic agent (p = 0.047) differed significantly. Correlation analyses showed a significant negative correlation between postoperative phosphate levels and time of mechanical ventilatory support (r = -0.367; r(2) = 0.135; p = 0.002). Conclusions: Hypophosphatemia was found to be an independent risk factor for prolonged mechanical ventilatory support. Postoperative measuring of phosphate serum levels should not be underestimated after cardiac surgery