The Effects of Vaccinium Myrtillus on Antioxidant System and Lipid Peroxidation in Experimental Diabetic Rats Model

Amaç: Yaban mersini olarak bilinen ve halk arasında diyabet başta olmak üzere birçok hastalıkta tedavi edici olarak kullanılan Vaccinium myrtillus, Türkiye’de yaygın bir yetişme alanına sahiptir. Bu araştırmada, Vaccinium myrtillus’un, streptozotosin (STZ) ile diyabet oluşturulmuş sıçanlarda, lipit peroksidasyonu, antioksidan sistem ve plazma glikoz düzeyi üzerine etkilerinin incelenmesi amaçlandı. Materyal ve Metot: 32 adet Sprague-Dawley yetişkin erkek sıçan, her grupta 8’er adet olmak üzere 4 gruba ayrıldı. Gruplar: Kontrol (K), streptozotosin (STZ), Vaccinium myrtillus (VM), ve Vaccinium myrtillus + streptozotosin (VM + STZ) verilecek şekilde belirlendi. STZ sitratlı tampon (0,1 M, pH 4,5) içerisinde 55 mg/kg olacak şekilde hazırlandıktan sonra sıçanlara tek doz ve intraperitoneal uygulandı. Hazırlanan ekstre hayvanlara gruplarına göre 10 gün boyunca her gün gavaj olarak verildi (100 mg/kg). 11. gün hayvan gruplarına göre streptozosin ile diyabet oluşturuldu (55 mg/kg). Kuyruktan alınan kan ile glikoz ölçüldü. Antioksidan bir enzim olan katalaz, Aebi’nin metodu kullanılarak;lipit peroksidasyon ürünü olan MDA, Draper ve Hadley’in spektrofotometrik metoduyla;protein tayini ise doku homojenatlarından oluşan ekstratların süpernatantlarının Lowry’nin yöntemine göre belirlenmesiyle hesaplandı. Sonuçlar ANOVA testi ile değerlendirilip, p<0,05 değerler anlamlı kabul edilmiştir. Sonuçlar: STZ ile diyabet yapılmadan önce VM verilen grupta karaciğer CAT değerlerinde anlamlı bir artış saptandı. Karaciğer MDA değeri incelendiğinde STZ ile VM arasında ve STZ ile K arasında anlamlı farklılık gözlendi. Böbrek MDA değerinde, STZ ile VM karşılaştırıldığında STZ grubunda MDA değeri yüksek bulundu (p <0,05). Tartışma: Sıçanlarda diyabet oluşturulmasıyla oksidatif stres artmaktadır. Diyabetik sıçanlara Vaccinium myrtillus verilmesi oksidatif stresi azaltmakta ve bu durum sıçanın genel durumunu iyileştirmektedir. Vaccinium myrtillus’un antidiyabetik ve antioksidan etkilerinin daha net belirlenmesi için daha çok çalışmaya ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır.Aim: Vaccinium myrtillus (VM) is popularly known as blueberries used as a therapeutic in many diseases, especially diabetes. VM has an extensive habitat in Turkey and America. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of Vaccinium myrtillus on lipid peroxidation, antioxidant system and plasma glucose levels in streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats. Materials and Methods: 32 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups, including 8 rats in each group. Groups were determined as control (C), streptozotocin (STZ), Vaccinium myrtillus (VM) and Vaccinium myrtillus + streptozotocin (STZ+VM). After preparation of STZ contains citrate buffer (0.1 M, pH 4.5), containing 55 mg/kg, it was applied to the rats as intraperitoneal and single dose. Extracts were given as oral gavage according to the group of animals every day during 10 days (100mg / kg). On day 11, diabetes were introduced by streptozocin (55mg / kg) according to animal groups. Blood glucose was measured from the queue. The catalase that is an antioxidant enzyme, activity was measured, by the Aebi method. Lipid peroxidation product that malondialdehyde (MDA) content was studied by spectrophotometric method according to Draper and Hadley method. The determination of supernatant of the resulting protein extracts of tissue homogenates was made by determining by the Lowry method. The results are evaluated by ANOVA, p<0.05 were considered significant. Results: There was a significant increase in liver CAT values in VM group (p <0.05). When the liver MDA levels were examined, there were significant differences between STZ and VM, STZ and C. When the kidney MDA levels were compared, MDA levels in STZ group were significantly higher than VM (p <0.05). Conclusion: The oxidative stress increase in rats by creation of diabetes. The applying of Vaccinium myrtillus to the diabetic rats reduces oxidative stress and this improves the general state of the rats. More studies are needed to determine more clearly the antidiabetic and antioxidant effects of Vaccinium myrtillus

The Effects Of Vaccinium Myrtillus On Antioxidant System and Lipid Peroxidation in Experimental Diabetic Rats Model

Aim:Vaccinium myrtillus (VM) is popularly known as blueberries used as a therapeutic in many diseases, especially diabetes. VM has an extensive habitat in Turkey and America. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of Vaccinium myrtillus on lipid peroxidation, antioxidant system and plasma glucose levels in streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats.Materials and Methods:32 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups, including 8 rats in each group. Groups were determined as control (C), streptozotocin (STZ), Vaccinium myrtillus (VM) and Vaccinium myrtillus + streptozotocin (STZ+VM). After preparation of STZ contains citrate buffer (0.1 M, pH 4.5), containing 55 mg/kg, it was applied to the rats as intraperitoneal and single dose. Extracts were given as oral gavage according to the group of animals every day during 10 days (100mg / kg). On day 11, diabetes were introduced by streptozocin (55mg / kg) according to animal groups. Blood glucose was measured from the queue. The catalase that is an antioxidant enzyme, activity was measured, by the Aebi method. Lipid peroxidation product that malondialdehyde (MDA) content was studied by spectrophotometric method according to Draper and Hadley method. The determination of supernatant of the resulting protein extracts of tissue homogenates was made by determining by the Lowry method. The results are evaluated by ANOVA, p<0.05 were considered significant.Results:There was a significant increase in liver CAT values in VM group (p <0.05). When the liver MDA levels were examined, there were significant differences between STZ and VM, STZ and C. When the kidney MDA levels were compared, MDA levels in STZ group were significantly higher than VM (p <0.05).Conclusion:The oxidative stress increase in rats by creation of diabetes. The applying of Vaccinium myrtillus to the diabetic rats reduces oxidative stress and this improves the general state of the rats. More studies are needed to determine more clearly the antidiabetic and antioxidant effects of Vaccinium myrtillus

The frequency of Duchenne muscular dystrophy/Becker muscular dystrophy and Pompe disease in children with isolated transaminase elevation: results from the observational VICTORIA study

IntroductionElevated transaminases and/or creatine phosphokinase can indicate underlying muscle disease. Therefore, this study aims to determine the frequency of Duchenne muscular dystrophy/Becker muscular dystrophy (DMD/BMD) in male children and Pompe disease (PD) in male and female children with isolated hypertransaminasemia.MethodsThis multi-center, prospective study enrolled patients aged 3–216 months with serum alanine transaminase (ALT) and/or aspartate transaminase (AST) levels &gt;2× the upper limit of normal (ULN) for ≥3 months. Patients with a known history of liver or muscle disease or physical examination findings suggestive of liver disease were excluded. Patients were screened for creatinine phosphokinase (CPK) levels, and molecular genetic tests for DMD/BMD in male patients and enzyme analysis for PD in male and female patients with elevated CPK levels were performed. Genetic analyses confirmed PD. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics of the patients were analyzed.ResultsOverall, 589 patients [66.8% male, mean age of 63.4 months (standard deviation: 60.5)] were included. In total, 251 patients (188 male and 63 female) had CPK levels above the ULN. Of the patients assessed, 47% (85/182) of male patients were diagnosed with DMD/BMD and 1% (3/228) of male and female patients were diagnosed with PD. The median ALT, AST, and CPK levels were statistically significantly higher, and the questioned neurological symptoms and previously unnoticed examination findings were more common in DMD/BMD patients than those without DMD/BMD or PD (p &lt; 0.001).DiscussionQuestioning neurological symptoms, conducting a complete physical examination, and testing for CPK levels in patients with isolated hypertransaminasemia will prevent costly and time-consuming investigations for liver diseases and will lead to the diagnosis of occult neuromuscular diseases. Trial RegistrationClinicaltrials.gov NCT04120168

Türk bankacılık sektöründe penetrasyon: İnternet bankacılığı ve mobil bankacılık ürünlerindeki penetrasyonun analizi

Günümüz bankacılık sektörü, tarih sayfalarında ilk ortaya çıkışından itibaren çok büyük ve ciddi dönüşümler geçirmiştir. Bankacılık sektörünün ekonomi alanındaki en önemli işlevi, finansal kaynaklara sahip olanlarla işletme sahiplerini, bir diğer deyişle, sermaye ve girişimciyi bir araya getirmeleridir. Bu sayede içerisinde yer aldıkları ülkelerin ekonomilerine büyük faydalar sağlamaktadır. Makroekonomik boyutta önem taşıyan bir başka işlevleri de finansal sisteme kazandırılan fonların, ekonomik alanda kalkınmayı en fazla destekleyecek alan ve sektörlere aktarılmasıdır. Bankacılık sektörünün faaliyetlerinden yararlanılan bir diğer alan ise kayıt dışı ekonomiyle mücadeledir. Kayıt dışı ekonominin varlığı ve boyutu, devletin gelir kaynağı olan vergilendirme sistemi ile yakından ilişkilidir. Bu nedenle kayıt dışı ekonomik faaliyetlerin varlığı, ülkenin kalkınmasına yönelik büyük bir etkiye sahiptir. Bankacılık sektörü zaman içerisinde müşterilerine daha iyi hizmet verebilmek ve daha kolay ulaşılabilir olmak adına büyük değişimler geçirmiştir. Günümüz dünya bankacılığı artık sanal şubeler ve 24 saat hizmet veren çağrı merkezlerinde aktif konuma gelmiştir. Bankacılık sektörünün, küresel dünyada hızla gelişerek yayılan bu yeniliklere uyum sağlayabildiği, çalışmanın son bölümünde yer alan tablolardaki verilerin ani yükselişlerinden anlaşılmaktadır. Ekonominin her alanında etkin bir role sahip olan bankaların ülkemizde bu kadar hızlı bir biçimde sistemlerini geliştirmiş olmaları, ekonominin gelişmesi ve sürdürülebilirliği adına umut verici niteliktedir. Today’s banking sector has undergone tremendous and serious transformations since its first appearance on history pages. The most important function of the banking sector in the economy is to bring together business owners with financial resources, in other words capital and entrepreneurs. This provides great benefits to the economies of the countries in which they are located. Another function that is important in the macroeconomic dimension is the transfer of funds to the financial system to the sectors and sectors that will most support economic development. Another area benefiting from the activities of the banking sector is the struggle with the informal economy. The existence and size of the informal economy is closely related to the state’s taxation system, which is the source of income. For this reason, the existence of informal economic activities has a great influence on the development of the country. Over time, the banking sector has undergone major changes in order to be able to serve its customers better and to be more easily accessible. Today’s world banking is now active in virtual branches and 24-hour call centers. It is understood from the sudden rise of the data in the tables in the last part of the study that the Turkish banking sector can keep up with these innovations that have spread rapidly in the global world. Banks that have an effective role in all aspects of the economy have developed their systems so rapidly in our country that it is promising for the development and sustainability of the economy

Mineralogy, chemistry and potential utilization of clays from coal deposits in the Kutahya province, Western Turkey

Kutahya graben is one of the largest E-W trending grabens of Western Turkey consisting of Tavsanli and Seyitomer sub-basins filled with Neogene continental deposits. These deposits contain economic lignite seams and the clay samples investigated in this study are closely related to the commercial lignite deposits since they occur underlying or overlying the major coal seams and also intercalated with them