Self-efficacy and readiness to change to physical activity in college students

The aim of this research was to identify the association between perceived self-efficacy and readiness to change and their relationship with physical activity. 199 random-selected undergraduate students participated in the study. Participants answered a set of questionnaires measuring self-efficacy about physical exercise, readiness to change, general health, attitude regarding physical activity, and self-reported physical activity. Results showed significant bivariate associations between physical activity and independent variables. Using a multivariate model, only readiness to change was significant, associated with physical activity. Results suggest that readiness to change is the most important variable in association with self-reported physical activity.El propósito de esta investigación fue identificar la asociación entre la autoeficacia percibida y la disposición al cambio y su relación con la realización de actividad física. Participaron 199 estudiantes universitarios elegidos aleatoriamente. Se aplicaron un cuestionario de Autoeficacia, un algoritmo para evaluar la Disposición al Cambio, el cuestionario General de Salud (CGS), un Cuestionario de Actividad Física y uno sobre actitud hacia ésta. Los resultados mostraron asociaciones bivariadas significativas entre la actividad física y las variables independientes. En un modelo multivariado, solamente la etapa de cambio se asoció significativamente con la actividad física. Se concluye que la disposición al cambio es la variable más relevante en la asociación con la actividad física auto-reportada

Perfiles de poliparasitismo intestinal en una comunidad de la Amazonia colombiana

Introduction: Intestinal parasite infections and polyparasitism are highly prevalent in the most vulnerable populations of developing countries due to environmental, biological and social determinants common in the transmission of parasites. Children between 1 and 15 years of age are the most affected population.Objective: To describe the prevalence and profiles of intestinal polyparasitism in 1 to 15 year-old children from native communities in the Colombian Amazon region.Materials and methods: We used a non-probability sampling of 300 children between 1 and 15 years of age from several rural settlements and the main urban area of Puerto Nariño, Amazonas, Colombia, who participated voluntarily in the study. We obtained fecal samples that were analyzed by the direct method (0.85% saline solution-lugol) and the Kato-Katz technique. The most prevalent polyparasitism profiles were identified using Cohen’s kappa coefficient with a 95% confidence interval.Results: The prevalence of polyparasitism, defined as the presence of at least two intestinal pathogenic parasites, was 84% (95 % CI: 79.35-87.96). Polyparasitism by two or three of the following parasites: Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, Blastocystis sp., Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus from the Ancylostomatidae family, and Entamoeba histolytica, E. dispar and E. moshkovskii of the Entamoeba complex, had the highest prevalence.Conclusion: Several intestinal polyparasitism profiles were found, although in most cases fewer than six parasites were involved. Better prevalence estimations and identification of determinant factors will allow to priorize and direct resources to control these infections.Introducción. Las infecciones parasitarias y el poliparasitismo intestinal son muy prevalentes en las poblaciones más vulnerables de los países en desarrollo debido a la existencia de factores ambientales, biológicos y sociales determinantes en la transmisión de parásitos. La población entre uno y 15 años de edad es la más afectada por dicha situación.Objetivo. Describir las prevalencias y los perfiles del poliparasitismo intestinal en la población de uno a 15 años de edad de comunidades indígenas de la Amazonia colombiana.Materiales y métodos. Se hizo un muestreo no probabilístico de 300 niños entre uno y 15 años de edad, procedentes de varios asentamientos rurales y de la cabecera urbana de Puerto Nariño, Amazonas, quienes participaron voluntariamente en el estudio. Las muestras de materia fecal se analizaron mediante el método directo (solución salina al 0,85 % y lugol) y la técnica de Kato-Katz. Se determinaron los perfiles más prevalentes de poliparasitismo intestinal con el coeficiente kappa de Cohen y un intervalo de confianza de 95 %.Resultados. La prevalencia de poliparasitismo, definida como la presencia de, por lo menos, dos parásitos intestinales patógenos, fue de 84 % (IC95 %: 79,35-87,96). Los casos con presencia de dos o tres agentes incluyeron los parásitos Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, Blastocystis sp., los ancilostomídeos Ancylostoma duodenale y Necator americanus, así como Entamoeba histolytica, E. dispar y E. moshkovskii del complejo Entamoeba, y fueron los de mayor prevalencia.Conclusión. Se encontraron varios perfiles de poliparasitismo intestinal, aunque la mayoría de los casos involucraron menos de seis especies. Una mejor estimación de la prevalencia y los factores determinantes del poliparasitismo intestinal permitirían priorizar y orientar los recursos para su control

Autoeficacia y disposición al cambio para la realización de actividad física en estudiantes universitarios

El propósito de esta investigación fue identifi car la asociación entre la autoefi cacia percibida y la disposición al cambio y su relación con la realización de actividad física. Participaron 199 estudiantes universitarios elegidos aleatoriamente. Se aplicaron un cuestionario de Autoefi cacia, un algoritmo para evaluar la Disposición al Cambio, el cuestionario General de Salud (CGS), un Cuestionario de Actividad Física y uno sobre actitud hacia ésta. Los resultados mostraron asociaciones bivariadas signifi cativas entre la actividad física y las variables independientes. En un modelo multivariado, solamente la etapa de cambio se asoció signifi cativamente con la actividad física. Se concluye que la disposición al cambio es la variable más relevante en la asociación con la actividad física auto-reportadaThe aim of this research was to identify the association between perceived self-effi cacy and readiness to change and their relationship with physical activity. 199 random-selected undergraduate students participated in the study. Participants answered a set of questionnaires measuring self-effi cacy about physical exercise, readiness to change, general health, attitude regarding physical activity, and self-reported physical activity. Results showed signifi cant bivariate associations between physical activity and independent variables. Using a multivariate model, only readiness to change was signifi cant, associated with physical activity. Results suggest that readiness to change is the most important variable in association with self-reported physical activit

Autoeficacia y disposición al cambio para la realización de actividad física en estudiantes universitarios

El propósito de esta investigación fue identifi car la asociación entre la autoefi cacia percibida y la disposición al cambio y su relación con la realización de actividad física. Participaron 199 estudiantes universitarios elegidos aleatoriamente. Se aplicaron un cuestionario de Autoefi cacia, un algoritmo para evaluar la Disposición al Cambio, el cuestionario General de Salud (CGS), un Cuestionario de Actividad Física y uno sobre actitud hacia ésta. Los resultados mostraron asociaciones bivariadas signifi cativas entre la actividad física y las variables independientes. En un modelo multivariado, solamente la etapa de cambio se asoció signifi cativamente con la actividad física. Se concluye que la disposición al cambio es la variable más relevante en la asociación con la actividad física auto-reportadaThe aim of this research was to identify the association between perceived self-effi cacy and readiness to change and their relationship with physical activity. 199 random-selected undergraduate students participated in the study. Participants answered a set of questionnaires measuring self-effi cacy about physical exercise, readiness to change, general health, attitude regarding physical activity, and self-reported physical activity. Results showed signifi cant bivariate associations between physical activity and independent variables. Using a multivariate model, only readiness to change was signifi cant, associated with physical activity. Results suggest that readiness to change is the most important variable in association with self-reported physical activit

Autoeficacia y disposición al cambio para la realización de actividad física en estudiantes universitarios.

The aim of this research was to identify the association between perceived self-efficacy and readiness to change and their relationship with physical activity. 199 random-selected undergraduate students participated in the study. Participants answered a set of questionnaires measuring self-efficacy about physical exercise, readiness to change, general health, attitude regarding physical activity, and self-reported physical activity. Results showed significant bivariate associations between physical activity and independent variables. Using a multivariate model, only readiness to change was significant, associated with physical activity. Results suggest that readiness to change is the most important variable in association with self-reported physical activity.El propósito de esta investigación fue identificar la asociación entre la autoeficacia percibida y la disposición al cambio y su relación con la realización de actividad física. Participaron 199 estudiantes universitarios elegidos aleatoriamente. Se aplicaron un cuestionario de Autoeficacia, un algoritmo para evaluar la Disposición al Cambio, el cuestionario General de Salud (CGS), un Cuestionario de Actividad Física y uno sobre actitud hacia ésta. Los resultados mostraron asociaciones bivariadas significativas entre la actividad física y las variables independientes. En un modelo multivariado, solamente la etapa de cambio se asoció significativamente con la actividad física. Se concluye que la disposición al cambio es la variable más relevante en la asociación con la actividad física auto-reportada

Escala de soporte social de Tagaya, Okuno, Tamura y Davis: Propiedades psicométricas en adultos mayores

This research presents the Spanish adaptation and validation of the Social Support Scale (ESS-AM) from Tagaya, Okuno, Tamura and Davis (2000), conducted in four independent samples of elderly people from Mexico City. The scale, with eight reactive measures about perceived social support, with a single factor that explained the 60.7% of the variance with an internal consistency alpha of .84 and significant negative correlations with the Loneliness. ESS-AM is a reliable, useful and simple, which can be used to assess if elderly people have adequate levels of perceived social support in terms of screeningLa presente investigación propone la adaptación al español y validación de la Escala de Soporte Social (ESS-AM) de Tagaya, Okuno, Tamura y Davis (2000), conducida en cuatro muestras independientes de adultos mayores de la Ciudad de México. La escala, de ocho reactivos, mide la percepción de apoyo social mediante un solo factor que explica el 60,7% de la varianza, con una consistencia interna a de 0,84 y correlaciones negativas significativas con la variable soledad. Con base en ello, se concluye que la ESS-AM es un instrumento confiable, útil y sencillo en funciones de tamizaje para evaluar si el adulto mayor cuenta con adecuados niveles de apoyo social percibido

Sociodemographic and Personal Predictors of Exclusive Breastfeeding in Pregnant Mexican Women Using Public Health Services

Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) is a cost-effective healthy behavior for the mother–child dyad. Globally, rates of EBF are low. Little research has been conducted on the joint role of modifiable and nonmodifiable variables in pregnant women’s decision-making. The aim was to develop and test a model that used personal and sociodemographic factors to predict whether pregnant women who use public healthcare services plan to breastfeed. In a nonprobabilistic sample of 728 pregnant Mexican women, self-efficacy, the planned behavior theory constructs, and the intention to breastfeed (BFI) were measured. A total 60% of the sample was randomly chosen to develop a predictive multivariate logistic regression model. The model was validated in the remaining 40%. Women in the highest tertiles of attitudes and self-efficacy had fourfold increased chances of having a high BFI (OR 4.2, 95% CI [2.4, 7.4]). Working was associated with a decreased intention to exclusively breastfeed (OR 0.61, 95% CI [0.37, 0.98]). The model predicted BFI with a sensitivity of 38.3% and specificity of 82.2%. While personal variables predict the BFI, working decreases women’s chances of breastfeeding. The results can be utilized to develop primary prevention strategies to help mothers who use public health services to breastfeed

Violence against Women during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Mexico

This study measured the prevalence of cases of domestic violence against women and some associated factors during the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico. Data were collected through a remote survey during 2020. The sample included 47,819 women aged 15 years and older. Jointpoint regression and logistic regression models were used. The prevalence of violence was 11.5%, which decreased in July and subsequently increased. The associated factors were being unemployed (OR = 2.01; 95%CI 1.89–2.16); being partially and totally quarantined (OR = 1.58; 95%CI 1.43–1.75 and OR = 1.47; 95%CI 1.32–1.63); being a caregiver of children; being a caregiver of elderly and/or suffering from a chronic illness (OR = 1.27; 95%CI 1.19–1.36; OR = 1.42; 95%CI 1.33–1.53; OR = 1.59; 95%CI 1.47–1.73); losing a family member to COVID-19 (OR = 1.26; 95%CI 1.13–1.41); and binge drinking (OR = 1.94; 95%CI 1.78–2.12). The confinement measures increased gender inequalities, economic problems and workload which further evidenced violence against women

Transforming dementia research into policy change: a case study of the multi-country STRiDE project

STRiDE was an ambitious four-year project in seven countries aiming to build capacity around generating and using research to support the development of policies to improve quality of life of people with dementia and their carers. The project’s innovative approach combined rigorous academic research and hands-on civil society advocacy. This paper explores the project’s unique strategy for policy change and compiles case-studies from several of the STRiDE countries. Finally, we share lessons learned and next steps to keep momentum for policy change going in each of these countries – and beyond