A PRAGMATIC ANALYSIS OF SPEECH ACTS OF THE MAIN CHARACTER IN RYAN FLECK’S HALF NELSON

This research aims at (1) identifying and describing the types of speech acts in terms of the locutionary acts, the illocutionary acts and the perlocutionary acts delivered by the main character in Ryan Fleck’s Half Nelson outside and inside the school and (2) describing the way the main character copes with the life outside and inside the school. This research employed a descriptive qualitative method. The existence of number was used to reveal the frequencies of the types of speech act. The object of this research was the main character’s utterances in Ryan Fleck’s Half Nelson. The data were in the form of scenes that were analyzed based on Austin’s classification of types of speech act and Searle’s classification of illocutionary acts, and Holmes’s theory of context. The researcher was the primary instrument in this research. The secondary instrument was the data sheet. The data analyses of this research were based on the types of speech acts outside and inside the school. The results show that: first, related to the types of speech act, in terms of locutionary acts, there are three kinds of form, i.e. declarative, interrogative, and imperative. Declarative is the most dominant form used outside and inside the school. It is used in almost all functions of illocutionary act types. Regarding with the illocutionary acts, the main character, Dan, employs four types of act outside the school, i.e. assertive, directive, expressive, and commissive. Assertive holds the highest frequency. In the daily life, he feels that the condition around him is not in line with his opinion. Therefore, he uses his utterances to assert what he believes to be the case. Declaration is not performed by him outside the school since he is as a common person, who has no institutional position. On the other hand, inside the school, directive, assertive, expressive, commissive, and declaration are found. Directive is in the highest frequency because he is a teacher and a basketball coach who performs questioning, requesting, commanding, encouraging, suggesting, etc. Concerning the perlocutionary acts, there are four types of act found outside the school, i.e. get h to know, get h to do something, to express feeling, and get h to expect something. The most-dominant act is get h to know. He often expresses what he believes to others, so that they recognize it. Further, there are five kinds of perlocutionary act found inside the school, i.e. to get h to do something, get h to know, express feeling, praise, and get h to expect something. As a teacher, he employs the acts aimed to get h to do something most, such as questioning, requesting, commanding, etc. Second, he cannot completely split between both lives, outside and inside the school because of the effects of cocaine on his brain. However, he can be honest to tell what he thinks and feels about his life to people he likes or considers them as his ‘friends’ everywhere

Origin and structure of Devensian depressions at Letton, Herefordshire

Groups of circular to oval enclosed depressions in soft sediments of Pleistocene age are relatively common in north-west Europe. These features are normally interpreted as being either glacial or periglacial in origin. Where these features are developed in glacial sediments, a glacial (and specifically ‘kettle hole’) genesis is considered most likely. Some groups of features, however, have been re-interpreted as being periglacial in origin and are thought to be the remains of cryogenic mounds (former pingos or palsas/lithalsas). The problem at many sites, of course, is correct identification and previously this was often resolved through extensive trenching of the sediments. The use of geophysics in the form of electrical resistivity tomography and ground probing radar, however, can aid investigation and interpretation and is less invasive. A group of enclosed depressions in the Letton area of Herefordshire within the Last Glacial Maximum ice limit (Late Devensian) have been investigated in this way. The morphology and internal structure of the features and their existence in glaciolacustrine sediments of Late Devensian age strongly suggests that these depressions are kettle holes resulting from ice block discharge into a shallow lakes or lakes, and hence a glacial origin is supported. The lack of any ramparts surrounding the depressions (at the surface or any evidence of these at depth) and the fact that they do not overlap (‘mutually interfere’) indicates that they are not the remains of cryogenic mounds

Temporally resolved laser induced plasma diagnostics of single crystal silicon - effects of ambient pressure

Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy of silicon was performed using a nanosecond pulsed frequency doubled Nd:YAG (532 nm) laser. The temporal evolution of the laser ablation plumes in air at atmospheric pressure and at an ambient pressure of ∼10−5 mbar is presented. Electron densities were determined from the Stark broadening of the Si (I) 288.16 nm emission line. Electron densities in the range of 6.91×1017 to 1.29×1019 cm−3 at atmospheric pressure and 1.68×1017 to 3.02×1019 cm−3 under vacuum were observed. Electron excitation temperatures were obtained from the line to continuum ratios and yielded temperatures in the range 7600–18,200 K at atmospheric pressure, and 8020–18,200 K under vacuum. The plasma morphology is also characterized with respect to time in both pressure regimes

KEKUATAN PEMBUKTIAN HASIL PENYADAPAN PADA KASUS OPERASI TANGKAP TANGAN TINDAK PIDANA KORUPSI OLEH KOMISI PEMBERANTASAN KORUPSI DIHUBUNGKAN DENGAN UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 30 TAHUN 2002 TENTANG KOMISI PEMBERANTASAN TINDAK PIDANA KORUPSI

Tindak Pidana Korupsi di Indonesia pada dewasa ini sangat lah luas dan beragam mencakup seluruh lapisan masyarakat sehingga dapat dikatakan sebagai kejahatan luar biasa extra ordinary crime. Tindak Pidana Korupsi isi biasanya dilakukan oleh kaum-kaum elit, intelektual dan memiliki kekuasaan sehingga dijuluki sebagai kejahatan kerah putih White Collar Crime sehingga dapat menimbulkan kerugian terhadap kehidupan dan berbangsa. Maka berdasarkan undang-undang No. 30 tahun 2002 tentang Komisi Tindak Pidana Korupsi maka terbentuklah sebuah lembaga idependen untuk mengurusi permasalahan korupsi di Indonesia. Lembaga itu bernama Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi (KPK). Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif-analitis, yaitu menggambarkan secara menyeluruh dan sistematis, tentang kekuatan pembktian hasil penyadapan pada kasus operasi tangkap tangan. Metode pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah yuridis-normatif, yaitu metode yang bertujuan mencari asas, kaidah, dan norma dalam hukum positif. Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi (KPK) Memiliki beberapa kewenangan salah satunya dalah penyadapan atau intersep, Penyadapan ini brguna untuk mengamati serta mencari informasi awal kasus korupsi dan penulis sangat tertarik mengenai permasalahan penyadapan ini melihat banayak sekali pendapat bahwa penyadapan ini adalah perbuatan ilegal dan melampaui kewenangan Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi (KPK).Data awal yang didapati dari hasil penyadapan selanjutnya akan ditindak lanjuti, dan tindakan yang paling popular dilakukan Komisi Pemberntasan Korupsi (KPK) adalah Operasi Tangkap Tangan (OTT) di mana dalam melakukan Operasi Tangap Tangan Komisi (KPK) Pemberantasan Korupsi menggunakan dasar Hukum yaitu Pasal 1 ayat 19 KUHAP diaman berisikan tentang Tertangkap Tangan bukan Oprasi Tangkap Tangan (OTT) yang membuat penulis tertarik adalah apakah sama artian dari Operasi Tangkap Tangan (OTT) dengan Tertangkap Tangan tersebut. Kata Kunci : Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi, Penyadapan, Operasi Tangkap Tangan. i

A core curriculum for the continuing professional development of nurses: Developed by the Education Committee on behalf of the Council on Cardiovascular Nursing and Allied Professions of the ESC

Background: The European Society of Cardiology and the Council on Cardiovascular Nursing and Allied Professions share a vision; to decrease the burden of cardiovascular disease in Europe. Nurses represent the largest sector of the health professional workforce and have a significant contribution to make, which has not yet been fully realised. Recent evidence highlights an association between the level of nurse education and inpatient mortality making this an important topic, particularly as the provision of nurse education in Europe is variable. Aim: To develop a core curriculum to inform the education of nurses following initial qualification for work in cardiovascular settings. Method: A syllabus was developed using published literature, policy documents and existing curricula with expert input from service users, specialist nurses, cardiologists, educationalists and academics. The syllabus formed the framework for the development of the core curriculum. Results: Eight key themes characterise the core curriculum which are presented together with an account of the development process. While the curriculum is not intended to cover all aspects of the highly complex role of the cardiovascular nurse, the themes do exemplify the science and art of nursing and are transferable across different levels of clinical practice and settings. The curriculum functions both as a ‘map’, which identifies key themes to include in nurse education, and as a ‘tool’ to inform educational provision that bridges’ the gap between initial nurse education and advanced specialist practice. Content can be adapted for use to fit the national context and reflects the specific needs, health priorities, legislative and regulatory standards that govern safe nursing practice across different countries. Conclusion: The core curriculum can be used as a learning framework to guide nurse education, in particular the continuing professional education of post-qualifying nurses working in cardiovascular settings. This represents a significant step towards streamlining cardiovascular nurse education in Europ

The work undertaken by mechanically ventilated patients in intensive care : a qualitative meta-ethnography of survivors' experiences

Background: Mechanical ventilation is a routine intervention for the critically ill but patients' experiences of this intervention are largely hidden from clinicians. A comprehensive understanding of Intensive Care Units survivors' accounts is required to provide health professionals with evidence about the patients' experience to deliver patient-centred care. Objectives: To synthesise qualitative findings from international studies to understand Intensive Care Unit survivors' experiences of mechanical ventilation, clarify the components of patient-centred care from the patient perspective and understand what can be done by health professionals to improve care processes. Design: A meta-ethnography of qualitative evidence following ENTREQ recommendations for reporting systematic reviews. Data Sources: Eight databases (MEDLINE, AMED, CINAHL, PsychINFO, Scopus, WileyOnline, PubMed Central, TRIP) were systematically searched using a piloted strategy described in a published protocol. Searches were completed on 31.8.16 and no date restrictions were placed. Searches were updated on 25.4.17. Review Methods: Two researchers independently reviewed studies against pre-determined inclusion criteria to assess their eligibility. Studies were included if they reported on the adult patient experience of mechanical ventilation and used qualitative data collection and analysis methods. All included studies were quality appraised. Participant quotes and concepts, described within the categories and themes of published studies, were extracted by one reviewer and coded by two reviewers. A process of constant comparison, which is central to meta-ethnography, facilitated the re-interpretation of data by a team of researchers to generate the final qualitative synthesis. The Enhancing Transparency in Reporting the Synthesis of Qualitative (ENTREQ) statement was used to ensure that all synthesis stages were comprehensively reported. Results: Findings from 38 studies, with 608 participants, informed a patient-centred trajectory model; three overlapping stages; alienation, hidden work and recovery characterised the experiences of mechanical ventilation survivors. Health professionals could positively influence the patient experience by promoting ‘trust’ and being vigilant so that patients felt ‘safe’. Care provision that promoted ‘personalisation’ helped participants to retain their identity as unique human beings. Conclusions: For the first time the pooling of qualitative findings from international studies, using meta-ethnography, has provided a patient-centred model of mechanical ventilation survivors’ experiences of their care processes. Patients may actively engage or passively endure the treatment burden associated with mechanical ventilation. Keywords: Critical care; mechanical ventilation; patient experience; qualitative synthesis, care processes, meta-ethnograph

Causal attributions, lifestyle change and coronary heart disease: illness beliefs of patients of South Asian and European origin living in the UK

OBJECTIVE We examined and compared the illness beliefs of South Asian and European patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) about causal attributions and lifestyle change. METHODS This was a qualitative study that used framework analysis to examine in-depth interviews. SAMPLE The study comprised 65 subjects (20 Pakistani-Muslim, 13 Indian-Hindu, 12 Indian-Sikh, and 20 Europeans) admitted to one of three UK sites within the previous year with unstable angina or myocardial infarction, or to undergo coronary artery bypass surgery. RESULTS Beliefs about CHD cause varied considerably. Pakistani-Muslim participants were the least likely to report that they knew what had caused their CHD. Stress and lifestyle factors were the most frequently cited causes for CHD irrespective of ethnic grouping, although family history was frequently cited by older European participants. South Asian patients were more likely to stop smoking than their European counterparts but less likely to use audiotape stress-relaxation techniques. South Asian patients found it particularly difficult to make dietary changes. Some female South Asians developed innovative indoor exercise regimens to overcome obstacles to regular exercise. CONCLUSION Misconceptions about the cause of CHD and a lack of understanding about appropriate lifestyle changes were evident across ethnic groups in this study. The provision of information and advice relating to cardiac rehabilitation must be better tailored to the context of the specific needs, beliefs, and circumstances of patients with CHD, regardless of their ethnicity