Chondroma of the scalp

A 26 year old man, with no specific past or family history, presented with slow growing subcutaneous mass in the right parietal region of about 4 cm. Skin examination revealed a firm subcutaneous nodule that was movable over the underlying bone. Physical examination was not remarkable other than above-described skin lesion. X-rays of the skull (A) and CT scan (B) showed a subcutaneous mass next to the right parietal eminence measuring 17×39 mm and containing calcifications. Surgery resection of the tumor was complete and easy (C). The nodule was not attached to underlying skull. The postoperative course was unremarkable. Histological examination confirmed the diagnosis of soft-tissue chondroma (D). Extraskeletal chondroma is a rare, benign cartilaginous tumor of the soft tissue. It presents as a solitary subcutaneous mass measuring less than 3 cm in diameter that is usually painless and slowly growing. It is most frequently found in the hands and feet of adults in the fourth and fifth decades. Its location in the scalp is exceptional and atypical. Complete excision is recommended for the treatment of extra skeletal chondroma.Pan African Medical Journal 2015; 2

Anévrismes intracrâniens multiples

A 33 years old woman, treated for hypertension on monotherapy for a year, was admitted on emergency for sudden onset headache. Clinical examination revealed a conscious patient, blood pressure= 13/7, with the presence of frank meningeal syndrome, no fever. Cerebral CT showed subarachnoid hemorrhage at the right middle cerebral valley. The arteriography objectified three aneurysmal dilations at the right posterior communicating artery of about 8.3mm, also at the M2 segment of the right middle cerebral arterys of about 4 mm (A) and finally at the left cerebral bifurcation of about 4mm (B). The patient underwent endovascular treatment of the two right aneurysms and was given a three months appointment to secure the aneurysm. The prevalence of intracranial aneurysms in the general population is evaluated from 1 to 5%. Only 15% of these patients have multiple aneurysms and 7% of them have more than four aneurysms. The therapeutic strategy is to first secure the aneurysm bled and subsequently treating other aneurysms according to their size and risk of bleeding.Pan African Medical Journal 2016; 2

Hernie discale cervicale post traumatique

Il s'agit d'un patient de 54 ans, tabagique chronique, victime d'un accident de la voie publique avec réception sur le crane. L'examen clinique trouve un patient conscient, avec tétraparésie à prédominance brachiale (grade C de Frankel) et irritation pyramidale (réflexes ostéotendineux vifs au niveau supérieur et inférieur). Le bilan radiologique initial (radios standards et scanner) était sans particularités. Devant ce tableau clinique, une IRM cervicale a été réalisée et a objectivé une hernie cervicale compressive en C5-C6 avec contusion centromédullaire (A). Le patient a été opéré par voie antérieure avec réalisation d'une discectomie C5-C6 et mise en place d'un greffon iliaque et une plaque cervicale (B). L'évolution postopératoire était favorable ; la déambulation a été possible quatre jours après l'opération. L'hernie discale cervicale posttraumatique est rare (3,8% des traumatismes cervicaux). Quand elle est isolée, les investigations paracliniques peuvent passer à coté de cette lésion et c'est l'IRM qui permet de poser le diagnostic et d'apprécier le degré de compression médullaire et radiculaire.Pan African Medical Journal 2015; 2

Establishment of regeneration and transformation protocols to create hypoalleregenic peanut (Arachis hypogaea) and mustard (Brassica juncea) through genome editing

A stable and reproducible in vitro regeneration system is necessary for genetic engineering, however, explant responses vary widely between and within species and are highly dependent on the culture conditions. Despite decades of research, plant regeneration is still challenging especially with some plant species referred to as recalcitrant. In this study, we investigated the regeneration and genetic transformation capacities of different lines of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) that is considered recalcitrant and Brown mustard (Brassica juncea) in order to enable editing of the allergens Ara h 1 and Bra J I in peanut and mustard, respectively, via CRISPR/Cas9. Moreover, we demonstrated that, several of the first edited mustard lines displayed reduced or total absence of the Bra J I protein. Firstly, the factors affecting the adventitious shoot regeneration of both plant species were investigated using four peanut lines and six mustard lines from two geographical regions (Europe and India). In both species, shoot regeneration was significantly influenced by the explant type and the genetic make-up of the different lines tested. In mustard, the 5 days old cotyledon explants of all lines showed better responses than hypocotyls regarding adventitious shoot regeneration whereas in peanut the leaflet explants of 5-day-old seedlings exhibited superiority. The combinations of different types of cytokinins and auxins were tested on the explants of both plant species. In all peanut lines, the leaflet explants responded best on medium with 22.19 µM 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) (+ 2.3 µM kinetin), which was reduced to 7.40 µM BAP after eight weeks, with regeneration rates of 10-89.1% and a mean shoot number per regenerating explant of 1-3.1 shoots. For mustard, the medium containing 8.88 µM BAP, 5.37 µM 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), and 9.95 µM Silver nitrate (AgNO3) resulted in the highest shoot regeneration rates (58-72% and 65-90% for the European and Indian lines, respectively) as well as the highest shoot numbers per regenerating explant (2.2-2.7 and 2.3-3.0). Furthermore, the effect of different light qualities on shoot regeneration from leaflet explants of the peanut lines was investigated in order to promote shoot induction and elongation. A strong effect of the culture temperature on the regeneration efficiency was observed as different light treatments were connected with different culture temperatures. However, red and blue LEDs could substitute tubular fluorescent lamps without affecting shoot regeneration. In the second step, Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of both plant species was investigated. Transgenic plants carrying large deletions of 566 up to 790 bp as well as indels in the targeted regions especially, indels in all four Bra j I alleles were obtained with the mustard lines tested. Seed viability was investigated in several transgenic mustard lines through in vitro and ex vitro germination. A decrease in seed viability and seed formation was observed in some edited lines, which indicated that the mutation of the major allergen Bra J I in mustard affected seed development. Part of the seeds exhibited aberrant phenotypes that resulted in the rupture of the testa already in the siliques. In contrast, the regenerated shoots from the different transformation experiments with various peanut lines exhibited a lack of transgenicity

Successfull management of a cervical oesophageal injury after an anterior cervical approach: a case report

The anterior surgical approach for spinal repair, with or without the insertion of stabilizing hardware, is an established procedure in the management of anterior cervical spine (ACS) pathology. Esophageal injury during this approach is a rare complication that can be life threatening. No treatment protocol has yet been standardized. In addition to conservative measures, several surgical approaches have been presented, ranging from primary repair to reconstruction with local, regional, or distant flaps. The SCM muscle flap, used as reinforcement of a primary suture or as a patch to the lesion is in our opinion an effective treatment for persisting or recurring esophageal fistulae after anterior cervical spine surgery

Transcriptomic analysis of the developing and adult mouse cochlear sensory epithelia

International audienceThe adult mammalian cochlea lacks regenerative ability and the irreversible degeneration of cochlear sensory hair cells leads to permanent hearing loss. Previous data show that early postnatal cochlea harbors stem/progenitor-like cells and shows a limited regenerative/repair capacity. These properties are progressively lost later during the postnatal development. Little is known about the genes and pathways that are potentially involved in this difference of the regenerative/repair potentialities between early postnatal and adult mammalian cochlear sensory epithelia (CSE). The goal of our study is to investigate the transcriptomic profiles of these two stages. We used Mouse Genome 430 2.0 microarray to perform an extensive analysis of the genes expressed in mouse postnatal day-3 (P3) and adult CSE. Statistical analysis of microarray data was performed using SAM (Significance Analysis of Microarrays) software. We identified 5644 statistically significant differentially expressed transcripts with a fold change (FC) >2 and a False Discovery Rate (FDR) ≤0.05. The P3 CSE signature included 3,102 transcripts, among which were known genes in the cochlea, but also new transcripts such as, Hmga2 (high mobility group AT-hook 2) and Nrarp (Notch-regulated ankyrin repeat protein). The adult CSE overexpressed 2,542 transcripts including new transcripts, such as Prl (Prolactin) and Ar (Androgen receptor), that previously were not known to be expressed in the adult cochlea. Our comparative study revealed important genes and pathways differentially expressed between the developing and adult CSE. The identification of new candidate genes would be useful as potential markers of the maintenance or the loss of stem cells and regenerative/repair ability during mammalian cochlear development

The Association Between Diet Quality and Stress Response

Previous research has looked into how stress affects diet, but not how diet affects stress. We looked into the variety and quality of diets and its association within our stress response. An anonymous online survey was administered through Google Forms. The survey was sent out to the public across several social media platforms, including Instagram, Groupme, and Facebook. The survey included basic demographic questions and questions on diet and mental health. Pearson Correlation Coefficient was used to analyze data in SPSS version 25.0. There is an association between poor diet and a negative perception of stress. The results display the majority of participants have a slightly negative outlook on stress while consuming a Western diet. This suggests that a better balanced diet may lead to a decrease in negative perceptions of stress and improve outlook on life.https://orb.binghamton.edu/research_days_posters_2023/1002/thumbnail.jp

A glycosyltransferase-enriched reconstituted membrane system for the synthesis of branched O-linked glycans in vitro

AbstractMimicking the biochemical reactions that take place in cell organelles is becoming one of the most important challenges in biological chemistry. In particular, reproducing the Golgi glycosylation system in vitro would allow the synthesis of bioactive glycan polymers and glycoconjugates for many future applications including treatments of numerous pathologies. In the present study, we reconstituted a membrane system enriched in glycosyltransferases obtained by combining the properties of the wheat germ lectin with the dialysable detergent n-octylglucoside. When applied to cells engineered to express the O-glycan branching enzyme core2 beta (1,6)-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (C2GnT-I), this combination led to the reconstitution of lipid vesicles exhibiting an enzyme activity 11 times higher than that found in microsomal membranes. The enzyme also showed a slightly higher affinity than its soluble counterpart toward the acceptor substrate. Moreover, the use of either the detergent re-solubilization, glycoprotein substrates or N-glycanase digestion suggests that most of the reconstituted glycosyltransferases have their catalytic domains in an extravesicular orientation. Using the disaccharide substrate Galβ1-3GalNAc-O-p-nitrophenyl as a primer, we performed sequential glycosylation reactions and compared the recovered oligosaccharides to those synthesized by cultured parental cells. After three successive glycosylation reactions using a single batch of the reconstituted vesicles and without changing the buffer, the acceptor was transformed into an O-glycan with chromatographic properties similar to glycans produced by C2GnT-I-expressing cells. Therefore, this new and efficient approach would greatly improve the synthesis of bioactive carbohydrates and glycoconjugates in vitro and could be easily adapted for the study of other reactions naturally occurring in the Golgi apparatus such as N-glycosylation or sulfation

Régime Méditerranéen Et Prévalence Des Facteurs De Risque Cardio-Métabolique Au Maroc Oriental

Introduction : Le modèle alimentaire du Maroc est en phase de transition, il cède d'avantage son trait purement traditionnel méditerranéen pour devenir de plus en plus standard. Il s'agit d'une étude transversale visant à mettre le point sur les comportements alimentaires, le mode de vie et leur relation avec les facteurs de risques cardio-métaboliques de la population adulte âgée de 18 ans et plus de la ville de Nador et Oujda (en Maroc oriental), et leur voisinage rural. Méthodes : Nous avons appliqué l'approche STEPwise de l'OMS pour étudier les relations entre les facteurs socio-économiques, socio-démographiques et nutritionnelles associées à des analyses biochimiques, afin d'analyser les maladies cardio-métaboliques et leurs facteurs de risque.   Résultats : Les résultats révèlent des scores d'adhésion au régime méditerranéen plus élevés en milieux ruraux, ceci est lié au niveau économique plus faible que celui des milieux urbains. Le surpoids et l'obésité y sont moins forts, alors que le niveau d’activité physique est plus élevé. L’échantillon total est 2537 (1261 femmes et 1276 hommes) personnes adultes, l’âge moyen est 43,62 (±18,29). La population étudiée adhère fortement au RM (76%). La glycémie à jeun représente une moyenne de 95.04 mg/dl et un écart type de ±15.06. La pression artérielle systolique et diastolique montrent respectivement les moyennes 128.23 mm Hg (±19.82) et 72.83 mm Hg (±12.74) et la fréquence cardiaque 91.73 battements par minute (±13.74). Le dosage des paramètres lipidiques montre des moyennes du cholestérol total de 1.68 g/L (±0.27), de HDL-Cholestérol 0.46 g/L (±0.08), de LDL-Cholestérol 1.15 g/L (±0.39) et les Triglycérides 0.76 g/L (±0.32). La moyenne d'acide urique était 4.76 mg/dl (±1.73). Les personnes qui exercent une activité physique de forte intensité représentent 64% en zone rurale versus 53% en zone urbaine, les femmes 48% contre 69% pour les hommes. Les personnes qui exercent une activité physique d’intensité modérée représentent 34% en zone rurale versus 31% en zone urbaine, les femmes 28% contre 39% pour les hommes. Conclusions : L'incitation de la population a une adoption du régime méditerranéen traditionnel qui fait partie de leurs habitudes connues, et de résister le plus possible à l'envahissement du régime standard, serait un moyen pour réduire la propagation des maladies cardio-métaboliques chez la population marocaine. Introduction: The Moroccan food model is in a transitional phase; it is giving up its purely traditional Mediterranean trait to become perceptly standard. We conducted a cross-sectional study that focuses on the dietary behavior, lifestyle, and their relationship with cardio-metabolic risk factors in the adult population, aged 18 and over, in the cities of Nador and Oujda (in eastern Morocco) and their rural neighborhoods. Methods: The World Health Organization (WHO) STEPwise Approach was utilized to study the relationship between the socio-economic, socio-demographic, and nutritional factors associated with the biochemical analysis to examine cardio-metabolic diseases and their risk factors. Results: The results revealed higher adherence scores to the Mediterranean diet (MD) in rural areas, which is related to lower economic levels compared to urban areas, lower levels of obesity, and a higher level of physical activity. We used a total of 2537samples (1261 women, and 1276 men) that we collected from adult participants with an average age of 43.62 (±18.29) years old. The study population had high adherence to the MD (76%). The mean fasting blood glucose level was 95.04 mg/dL (±15.06), while the systolic and diastolic blood pressure showed respectively, averages of 128.23 mm Hg (±19.82) and 72.83 mm Hg (±12.74). The average heart rate was 91.73 beats per minute (±13.74) and the lipid parameters showed mean total cholesterol of 1.68 g/L (±0.27). In addition to that, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol showed a value of 0.46 g/L (±0.08), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol 1.15 g/L (±0.39), the triglycerides 0.76 g/L (±0.32), and the average uric acid was 4.76 mg/dL (±1.73). The proportion of people performing high-intensity physical activity was 64% in rural areas versus 53% in urban areas, in which 69% of them were men and 48% were women. People who exercise at a moderate intensity represent 34% of the population in rural areas versus 31% in urban areas, with women constituting 28% of them versus 39% for men. Conclusions: Encouraging the population to adopt the traditional Mediterranean diet, which is part of their known habits, and to resist as much as possible the invasion of the standard diet would be a way to reduce the spread of cardio-metabolic diseases among the Moroccan population. ad of cardio-metabolic diseases among the Moroccan population