124 research outputs found
Le marbre et la chair : Le modĂšle tactile dans lâesthĂ©tique matĂ©rialiste de Diderot
Comme lâaffirme Martin Jay, les LumiĂšres sont sans doute gĂ©nĂ©ralement « ocularocentristes » : la vue y est privilĂ©giĂ©e et la vision est conçue comme le modĂšle de toute perception et de la connaissance en gĂ©nĂ©ral. Diderot peut sembler participer Ă ce mouvement, par son intĂ©rĂȘt marquĂ© pour les arts visuels ou encore par lâimportance quâil accorde Ă la pantomime et au tableau au thĂ©Ăątre. Mais en fait, le philosophe nâa cessĂ© de faire la critique de lâhĂ©gĂ©monie de la vue pour penser lâexpĂ©rience selon un autre modĂšle, un modĂšle tactile, qui suppose un contact physique entre le sujet et lâobjet. Dans son Salon de 1763, puis dans Le rĂȘve de dâAlembert, Diderot choisit une sculpture pour illustrer sa conception du rapport esthĂ©tique. Le Pygmalion et GalatĂ©e de Falconet est chaque fois lâoccasion pour lui dâaffirmer la continuitĂ© du sujet et du monde, du marbre et de la chair.The Enlightenment can be generally considered, as Martin Jay has shown, âocularcentricâ: preference is given to sight, and vision is conceived as the model of all and any perception and knowledge. Diderot, because of his strong interest for the visual arts or of the importance he gives to pantomine and to the tableau in theater, can seem at first to partake to this movement. But in fact, the philosopher repeatedly criticizes the hegemony of vision, and instead suggested to conceive experience according to another model, a tactile model that supposes physical contact between subject and object. In his Salon de 1763 and in Le rĂȘve de dâAlembert, Diderot picks a sculpture to illustrate his conception of the aesthetic relation. Falconetâs Pygmalion et GalatĂ©e is, in both texts, the occasion for Diderot to reaffirm the continuity between subject and world, between marble and flesh
Lâhistoire ruinĂ©e, les maĂźtres trahis. De lâadaptation
Dans lâhistoire des rapports entre les arts, lâadaptation â la transposition dâune oeuvre dâun genre Ă un autre, dâun mĂ©dium Ă un autre â a toujours jouĂ© un rĂŽle central. Le postulat de base de toute adaptation est que les mĂ©dias sont traduisibles les uns dans les autres ou, au moins, que lâessentiel dâune oeuvre â le « contenu », lâ« histoire », le « rĂ©fĂ©rent », le « sens », par opposition Ă la « forme », au « rĂ©cit », au « signifiant » â peut passer dâun mĂ©dium Ă lâautre. Contre ce postulat, certains prĂ©fĂšrent penser que lâadaptation est impossible, quâune oeuvre est toujours intraduisible et que toute traduction est toujours une nouvelle oeuvre. Lâadaptation tĂ©lĂ©visuelle de lâadaptation thĂ©Ăątrale des MaĂźtres anciens de Thomas Bernhard fournit ici lâoccasion dâexaminer certaines de ces questions â en particulier celles de lâadaptation de la voix narrative et des temps, du point de vue et des lieux.Adaptation â the transposition of a work from a genre or a medium to another â has played a central role in the history of the relations between the arts. The main postulate of any adaptation is that mediums are translatable : it is assumed that the â content â of a work â its â reference â, its â sense â, the â story â, by opposition to its â form â, its â signifier â, the â narration â â may be conveyed from one medium to another with no great loss. Against this postulate, some consider that adaptation is simply impossible : a work is always untranslatable, a translation is always a new work. MaĂźtres anciens, the recent adaptation for television of a stage adaptation of text by Thomas Bernhard, raises many of these issues â in particular, those of the adaptation of narrative voice and time, of point of view and spaces
Lâexposition du cinĂ©ma : fragments dâune histoire locale et globale
Lâart et le cinĂ©ma au Canada. Traiter de ce sujet peut paraĂźtre simple mais est en fait malaisĂ©. DĂ©jĂ , on peut sâinterroger sur la valeur des approches nationales ou gĂ©opolitiques de lâart et de la culture, surtout ici, au Canada et au QuĂ©bec, oĂč le dĂ©bat sur la Nation, et sur ses rapports avec lâĂtat, semble interminable, et surtout maintenant, Ă lâheure de la globalisation. Pour lâhistorien, la Nation nâest pas, comme lâĂtat, une rĂ©alitĂ©Â : elle est une « communautĂ© imaginĂ©e », imaginĂ©e par ..
Essais sismiques hors-plan sur murs de cloison en maçonnerie non armée et systÚmes de retenue latérale
La maçonnerie non armĂ©e est prĂ©sente dans une grande majoritĂ© de constructions du QuĂ©bec, en particulier comme matĂ©riau non structural dans les bĂątiments de la catĂ©gorie de risque Ă©levĂ© ou de protection civile du Code national du bĂątiment. Lors du tremblement de terre du Saguenay en 1988, la majoritĂ© des dommages rapportĂ©s ont Ă©tĂ© attribuĂ©s Ă la dĂ©faillance des cloisons construites en maçonnerie non armĂ©e. Les dommages survenus ont eu pour effet d'attirer davantage l'attention sur le comportement sismique des murs de cloison en MNA dans la performance globale d'un bĂątiment. Les risques pour la sĂ©curitĂ© et les pertes de fonction d'un bĂątiment peuvent ĂȘtre significativement aggravĂ©s par la dĂ©faillance des Ă©lĂ©ments non structuraux, mĂȘme si le systĂšme structural du bĂątiment s'est bien comportĂ© lors d'un sĂ©isme.
La cause principale des problĂšmes suscitĂ©s par les cloisons construites en maçonnerie non armĂ©e rĂ©side par l'absence d'un systĂšme de retenue latĂ©rale appropriĂ© Ă la structure. Afin d'assurer une meilleure protection incendie, les cloisons de blocs de bĂ©ton se prolongent jusqu'au toit, sans toutefois ĂȘtre fixĂ©es aux Ă©lĂ©ments structuraux. Non seulement ces cloisons sont instables, mais Ă©galement d'autres Ă©lĂ©ments de construction peuvent s'y heurter, notamment dĂ» au mouvement diffĂ©rentiel entre la structure et les cloisons en maçonnerie. Ce comportement probable en cas de sĂ©isme vise Ă envisager et Ă considĂ©rer des solutions de rĂ©habilitation permettant de sĂ©curiser les lieux face Ă d'Ă©ventuelles catastrophes.
Dans le cadre du projet de recherche, des essais dynamiques hors-plan sur table sismique ont Ă©tĂ© effectuĂ©s au laboratoire de l'UniversitĂ© de Sherbrooke sur des murs de cloison en maçonnerie non armĂ©e avec et sans systĂšme de rĂ©habilitation. La mĂ©thode de rĂ©habilitation explorĂ©e a Ă©tĂ© l'ajout d'un systĂšme de retenue latĂ©rale en-tĂȘte des murs. Des accĂ©lĂ©rogrammes artificiels mis Ă l'Ă©chelle pour la rĂ©gion de La Malbaie ont Ă©tĂ© utilisĂ©s et appliquĂ©s aux spĂ©cimens afin d'obtenir des rĂ©sultats reprĂ©sentatifs d'une zone Ă sismicitĂ© moyenne Ă Ă©levĂ©e au QuĂ©bec. De plus, des essais de caractĂ©risation ont Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©s pour dĂ©terminer les propriĂ©tĂ©s mĂ©caniques des matĂ©riaux utilisĂ©s. Les rĂ©sultats obtenus lors des essais ont dĂ©montrĂ© que l'ajout d'un systĂšme de retenue latĂ©rale augmente considĂ©rablement la rĂ©sistance sismique et la stabilitĂ© des murs de cloison
L'Ăšre Ă©lectrique - The Electric Age
The scientific discovery and mastery of electricity created as many important changes in modern society as did the invention of alphabetical writing in antiquity and movable type in the fifteenth century. It is more than a natural phenomenon that science has harnessed for human use; it is a central feature of the modern episteme. It has inspired writers and artists, propelled industry and innovation, and reshaped human social behaviour. Looking at a variety of topics including film, politics, and contemporary art, this volume explores the impact of electricity on knowledge, social practices, media, community life, and subjective experience
Coherent signature of warming-induced extreme sub-continental boreal wildfire activity 4800 and 1100 years BP
Climate changes are expected to progressively increase extreme wildfire frequency in forests. Finding past analogs for periods of extreme biomass burning would provide valuable insights regarding what the effects of warming might be for tree species distribution, ecosystem integrity, atmospheric greenhouse gas balance, and human safety. Here, we used a network of 42 lake-sediment charcoal records across a ~2000 km transect in eastern boreal North America to infer widespread periods of wildfire activity in association with past climate conditions. The reconstructed fluctuations in biomass burning are broadly consistent with variations in ethane concentration in Greenland polar ice cores. Biomass burning fluctuations also significantly co-varied with Greenland temperatures estimated from ice cores, at least for the past 6000 years. Our retrospective analysis of past fire activity allowed us to identify two fire periods centered around 4800 and 1100 BP, coinciding with large-scale warming in northern latitudes and having respectively affected an estimated ~71% and ~57% of the study area. These two periods co-occurred with widespread decreases in mean fire-return intervals. The two periods are likely the best analogs for what could be anticipated in terms of impacts of fire on ecosystem services provided by these forests in coming decades
Treatment as prevention effect of direct-acting antivirals on primary hepatitis C virus incidence: Findings from a multinational cohort between 2010 and 2019.
BACKGROUND
Broad direct-acting antiviral (DAA) access may reduce hepatitis C virus (HCV) incidence through a "treatment as prevention" (TasP) effect. We assessed changes in primary HCV incidence following DAA access among people living with HIV (PLHIV).
METHODS
We used pooled individual-level data from six cohorts from the International Collaboration on Hepatitis C Elimination in HIV Cohorts (InCHEHC). Follow-up started from the first recorded negative HCV antibody test date and ended at last negative antibody test or estimated infection date. Follow-up was restricted to 2010-2019. We used segmented Poisson regression to model trends across pre-, limited- (i.e., restrictions on access) and broad-DAA access periods.
FINDINGS
Overall, 45,942 participants had at least one HCV antibody negative result and follow-up between 2010 and 2019. We observed 2042 incident HCV infections over 248,189 person-years (PY). Pooled incidence decreased from 0.91 per 100 PY in 2015 to 0.41 per 100 PY in 2019. Compared to the average pre-DAA period incidence (0.90 per 100 PY), average incidence was similar during the limited-DAA access period (Incidence rate ratio [IRR]Â =Â 0.98; 95%CIÂ =Â 0.87, 1.11), and 52% lower during the broad-DAA access period (IRRÂ =Â 0.48; 95%CIÂ =Â 0.42, 0.52). The average annual decline in HCV incidence was 2% in the pre-DAA period; an additional 9% annual decline in incidence was observed during the limited-DAA access period (IRRÂ =Â 0.91; 95%CIÂ =Â 0.82, 1.00) and a further 20% decline in the broad-DAA access period (IRRÂ =Â 0.80, 95%CIÂ =Â 0.73, 0.89).
INTERPRETATION
Our findings suggest that broad DAA access has a TasP effect on primary HCV incidence among PLHIV. Based on the initial years of DAA availability, the countries in the InCHEHC collaboration are on track to meet the World Health Organization's 80% HCV incidence reduction target for PLHIV by 2030.
FUNDING
This study was funded by the Australian Government National Health and Medical Research Council (Grant number GNT1132902)
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