INVESTIGATION OF THE VISUAL BOUNDARY FOR IMMEDIATE PERCEPTION OF VERTICAL RATE OF DESCENT

Visual boundary for human perception of vertical rate of descen

Low-Speed Wind-Tunnel Tests of a Pilotless Aircraft Having Horizontal and Vertical Wings and Cruciform Tail

Low-speed tests of a pilotless aircraft were conducted in the Langley propeller-research tunnel to provide information for the estimation of the longitudinal stability and. control, to measure the aileron effectiveness, and to calibrate the radome and the Machmeter pitot-static orifices. It was found that the model possessed a stEb.le variation of elevator angle required for trim throughout the speed range at the design angle of attack. A comparison of the airplane with and without JATO units and with an alternate rocket booster showed that a large loss in longitudinal stability and control resulting from the addition of the rocket booster to the aircraft was sufficient to make the rocket-booster assembly unsatisfactory as an alternate for the JATO units. Reversal of the aileron effectiveness was evident at positive deflections of the vertical wing flap indicating that the roll-stabilization system would produce roiling moments in a tight right turn contrary to its design purpose. Vertical-wing-flap deflections caused large errors in the static-pressure reading obtained by the original static-tube installation. A practical installation point on the fuselage was located which should yield reliable measurement of the free-stream static pressure

Prospects for radical emissions reduction through behaviour and lifestyle change

Over the past two decades, scholars and practitioners across the social sciences, in policy and beyond have proposed, trialled and developed a wide range of theoretical and practical approaches designed to bring about changes in behaviours and lifestyles that contribute to climate change. With the exception of the establishment of a small number of iconic behaviours such as recycling, it has however proved extremely difficult to bring about meaningful transformations in personal greenhouse gas emissions at either the individual or societal level, with multiple reviews now pointing to the limited efficacy of current approaches. We argue that the majority of approaches designed to achieve mitigation have been constrained by the need to operate within prevailing social scientific, economic and political orthodoxies which have precluded the possibility of non-marginal change. In this paper we ask what a truly radical approach to reducing personal emissions would look like from social science perspectives which challenge the unstated assumptions severely limiting action to date, and which explore new alternatives for change. We emphasise the difficulties likely to impede the instituting of genuinely radical societal change regarding climate change mitigation, whilst proposing ways that the ground could be prepared for such a transformation to take place

Docetaxel vs 5-fluorouracil plus vinorelbine in metastatic breast cancer after anthracycline therapy failure

This multicentre, randomised phase III study compared docetaxel with 5-fluorouracil+vinorelbine in patients with metastatic breast cancer after failure of neo/adjuvant or one line of palliative anthracycline-based chemotherapy. One hundred and seventy-six metastatic breast cancer patients were randomised to receive docetaxel (100 mg m−2) every 3 weeks or 5-fluorouracil+vinorelbine: 5-fluorouracil (750 mg m−2 per day continuous infusion) D1–5 plus vinorelbine (25 mg m−2) D1 and D5 of each 3-week cycle. Eighty-six patients received 516 cycles of docetaxel; 90 patients received 476 cycles of 5-fluorouracil+vinorelbine. Median time to progression (6.5 vs 5.1 months) and overall survival (16.0 vs 15.0 months) did not differ significantly between the docetaxel and 5-fluorouracil+vinorelbine arms, respectively. Six (7%) complete responses and 31 (36%) partial responses occurred with docetaxel (overall response rate 43%, 95% confidence interval: 32–53%), while 4 (4.4%) complete responses and 31 (34.4%) partial responses occurred with 5-fluorouracil+vinorelbine (overall response rate 38.8%, 95% confidence interval: 29–49%). Main grade 3–4 toxicities were (docetaxel vs 5-fluorouracil+vinorelbine): neutropenia 82% vs 67%; stomatitis 5% vs 40%; febrile neutropenia 13% vs 22%; and infection 2% vs 7%. There was one possible treatment-related death in the docetaxel arm and five with 5-fluorouracil+vinorelbine. In anthracycline-pretreated metastatic breast cancer patients, docetaxel showed comparable efficacy to 5-fluorouracil+vinorelbine, but was less toxic

El Marquesado del Valle de Tojo: patrimonio y mayorazgo. Del siglo XVII al XX en Bolivia y Argentina

The purpose of this article is the long-term reconstruction of the territorial characteristics of the Tojo Valley Marquisate (Marquesado del Valle de Tojo), an extensive region that covered land on both sides of the present-day Argentine-Bolivian border. The analysis will cover the origins and early formation of the land entailment (mayorazgo) of the Marquisate between the early eighteenth century and the last third of the nineteenth century, when the mayorazgo was dismantled. The essay ends with an evaluation of the historical impact of the Marquisate on the agrarian structures of southern Bolivia and northern Argentina in the early twentieth century. The research is based on documentation from the Marquesado del Valle de Tojo Archive, land titles from post-independence Bolivia and Argentina, qualitative sources, and published secondary material. Taken together, these sources allow us to analyse the territorial characteristics of the Marquisate and its legacy throughout the region.El objetivo del artículo es reconstruir, en la larga duración, los cambios y continuidades en el patrimonio territorial del Marquesado del Valle de Tojo en una extensa región a ambos bordes de la actual frontera entre Argentina y Bolivia. El análisis parte de los antecedentes y constitución del mayorazgo, a principios del siglo XVIII, hasta su desestructuración en el último tercio del siglo XIX, y finaliza con una evaluación de las permanencias de esta gran unidad territorial en las estructuras agrarias del Sur de Bolivia y Norte de Argentina en los albores del siglo XX. El estudio se basa en documentación del Archivo del Marquesado del Valle de Tojo, en los catastros republicanos de propiedad territorial de Bolivia y de Argentina; en otras fuentes cualitativas y en estudios previos que permiten una aproximación a la estructura territorial del Marquesado y de la región

Population policies, programmes and the environment

Human consumption is depleting the Earth's natural resources and impairing the capacity of life-supporting ecosystems. Humans have changed ecosystems more rapidly and extensively over the past 50 years than during any other period, primarily to meet increasing demands for food, fresh water, timber, fibre and fuel. Such consumption, together with world population increasing from 2.6 billion in 1950 to 6.8 billion in 2009, are major contributors to environmental damage. Strengthening family-planning services is crucial to slowing population growth, now 78 million annually, and limiting population size to 9.2 billion by 2050. Otherwise, birth rates could remain unchanged, and world population would grow to 11 billion. Of particular concern are the 80 million annual pregnancies (38% of all pregnancies) that are unintended. More than 200 million women in developing countries prefer to delay their pregnancy, or stop bearing children altogether, but rely on traditional, less-effective methods of contraception or use no method because they lack access or face other barriers to using contraception. Family-planning programmes have a successful track record of reducing unintended pregnancies, thereby slowing population growth. An estimated $15 billion per year is needed for family-planning programmes in developing countries and donors should provide at least$5 billion of the total, however, current donor assistance is less than a quarter of this funding target

NACA Technical Notes

Report presenting an evaluation of the flying qualities of the Douglas DC-3 airplane to determine its longitudinal and lateral stability and control characteristics and its stalling behavior

Rapid Isolation of Human Plasma Lipoproteins

For many studies it is important to isolate lipoproteins quickly from plasma. Current methods require a table top ultracentrifuge with high speed rotors 100-120,000 rpm. The objective of these studies was to develop a method for rapid isolation of plasma lipoproteins using a fixed angle rotor and a full-size ultracentrifuge which are commonly found in biomedical laboratories. We used a Beckman L5 70 ultracentrifuge, a type 80 Ti rotor and the Beckman g-Max system using 4.2 mL quick seal tubes. Two mL of fasting human plasma were placed in each tube and filled with a KBr solution d= 1.006 g/mL and heat sealed. These tubes were then centrifuged at 14° C for 2 hours at 68,000 rpm. The floating very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) were removed using a Beckman tube slicer. The dense bottom portion was adjusted to d= 1.063 g/mL by adding solid KBr and then centrifuged at 14° C for 2.5 hours at 68,000 rpm. The floating low density lipoproteins (LDL) were recovered at the top of the tube by slicing the tube. The bottom portion containing high density lipoproteins (HDL) and other serum proteins was also recovered. Control lipoproteins were isolated by the standard sequential ultracentrifugation at 14° C for 22 hours at 40,000 rpm using the Type 80 Ti rotor. Purity of the fractions was verified by lipid staining after agarose gel electrophoresis. Purity and electrophoretic mobility of lipoproteins isolated by the rapid procedure were identical to those of the standard two day sequential procedure. This new procedure offers rapid separation of plasma lipoproteins using equipment that is routinely available

Un rare saprophyte du vagin féminin :

Mise en évidence de la Levure de bière Saccharomyces cerevisiae dans le contenu vaginal d’une gestante