40 research outputs found
Measuring Social Media Addiction among University Students
New developments in technology have changed the habits of people and people can find the things of real life in virtual worlds. Interacting in online platforms and sharing options of social media have made the life of students more easy while Social Media Addiction becomes a problem among young people, causing to mental and physical problems in long run by using in an excessive manner. The aim of this study is to determine the usage purposes and addiction level of social media among university students according to age, gender, usage years and daily usage. For that aim, 665 students were surveyed in an online platform at Bingöl University in 2019. Descriptive statistics, Kruskal Wallis Test, One-Way ANOVA test, Factor Analysis and Correlation Analysis statistical methods are used to analyze data by SPSS 20 software. Instagram, youtube and facebook were found to be three mostly used social media networks respectively. Maintaining communication with existing friends, listening music and sharing things are main usage purposes for females while males prefer social media for following a group, playing games and meeting new people. According to gender, there are significant differences just for conflict factor that males spend more time on social media than doing their daily responsibilities and activities supported with high correlation between gender and conflict factor that males are more addictive. Moreover, younger university students have higher conflict addiction and as students use social media more in years and higher daily hours, they become more addictive in general. Students spend daily most of their social media time for communicating with existing friends and chatting. Daily usage has the strongest correlation with occupation factor. Furthermore, the strongest correlation is seen between relapse and conflict factors and the most effective factor on Social Media Addiction Scale (SMAS) is conflict factor
Are Our Students Ready to Become Successful Employees? A Comparative Analysis of Seven Countries
The article focuses on students’ attitudes towards their future job performance
in relation to becoming successful employees. The level of employee
success was measured using the attitudes toward future work performance
of students from seven countries (Lithuania, Poland, Spain, Turkey, Iran,
Portugal and Estonia) through their assessment of skills, skill developing
methods, motivation and environmental factors. A total of 1,355 students
participated in the survey. In this study, the data analysis was performed
using statistical methods including descriptive methods, comparison of
means and Cronbach’s alpha. Results of the study show that skills and especially
training methods influence students’ motivation to work more effectively
regardless of the salary received. The results also demonstrate that
most students regard basic and people-related skills as the most important
factors, but cultural differences were also noticed. Lithuanian, Polish and
Iranian participants ranked one-to-one training methods as having the most
impact on their development, while Portuguese, Spanish and Turkish students
preferred group training methods. Moreover, in comparison to the
students from other countries, the Spanish participants considered environmental
factors to be extremely important
EEG based Major Depressive disorder and Bipolar disorder detection using Neural Networks: A review
Mental disorders represent critical public health challenges as they are
leading contributors to the global burden of disease and intensely influence
social and financial welfare of individuals. The present comprehensive review
concentrate on the two mental disorders: Major depressive Disorder (MDD) and
Bipolar Disorder (BD) with noteworthy publications during the last ten years.
There is a big need nowadays for phenotypic characterization of psychiatric
disorders with biomarkers. Electroencephalography (EEG) signals could offer a
rich signature for MDD and BD and then they could improve understanding of
pathophysiological mechanisms underling these mental disorders. In this review,
we focus on the literature works adopting neural networks fed by EEG signals.
Among those studies using EEG and neural networks, we have discussed a variety
of EEG based protocols, biomarkers and public datasets for depression and
bipolar disorder detection. We conclude with a discussion and valuable
recommendations that will help to improve the reliability of developed models
and for more accurate and more deterministic computational intelligence based
systems in psychiatry. This review will prove to be a structured and valuable
initial point for the researchers working on depression and bipolar disorders
recognition by using EEG signals.Comment: 29 pages,2 figures and 18 Table
A Comparison of Depression and Anxiety among University Students in Nine Countries during the COVID-19 Pandemic.
The mental health of young adults, particularly students, is at high risk during the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of this studywas to examine differences inmental health between university students in nine countries during the pandemic. The study encompassed 2349 university students (69% female) from Colombia, the Czech Republic (Czechia), Germany, Israel, Poland, Russia, Slovenia, Turkey, and Ukraine. Participants underwent the following tests: Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-8), Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7), Exposure to COVID-19 (EC-19), Perceived Impact of Coronavirus (PIC) on students’ well-being, PhysicalActivity (PA), andGeneral Self-ReportedHealth (GSRH). The one-wayANOVAshowed significant differences between countries. The highest depression and anxiety risk occurred in Turkey, the lowest depression in the Czech Republic and the lowest anxiety in Germany. The 2 independence test showed that EC-19, PIC, and GSRHwere associatedwith anxiety and depression inmost of the countries, whereas PA was associated in less than half of the countries. Logistic regression showed distinct risk factors for each country. Gender and EC-19 were the most frequent predictors of depression and anxiety across the countries. The role of gender and PA for depression and anxiety is not universal and depends on cross-cultural differences. Students’mental health should be addressed froma cross-cultural perspective
Impact of opioid-free analgesia on pain severity and patient satisfaction after discharge from surgery: multispecialty, prospective cohort study in 25 countries
Background: Balancing opioid stewardship and the need for adequate analgesia following discharge after surgery is challenging. This study aimed to compare the outcomes for patients discharged with opioid versus opioid-free analgesia after common surgical procedures.Methods: This international, multicentre, prospective cohort study collected data from patients undergoing common acute and elective general surgical, urological, gynaecological, and orthopaedic procedures. The primary outcomes were patient-reported time in severe pain measured on a numerical analogue scale from 0 to 100% and patient-reported satisfaction with pain relief during the first week following discharge. Data were collected by in-hospital chart review and patient telephone interview 1 week after discharge.Results: The study recruited 4273 patients from 144 centres in 25 countries; 1311 patients (30.7%) were prescribed opioid analgesia at discharge. Patients reported being in severe pain for 10 (i.q.r. 1-30)% of the first week after discharge and rated satisfaction with analgesia as 90 (i.q.r. 80-100) of 100. After adjustment for confounders, opioid analgesia on discharge was independently associated with increased pain severity (risk ratio 1.52, 95% c.i. 1.31 to 1.76; P < 0.001) and re-presentation to healthcare providers owing to side-effects of medication (OR 2.38, 95% c.i. 1.36 to 4.17; P = 0.004), but not with satisfaction with analgesia (beta coefficient 0.92, 95% c.i. -1.52 to 3.36; P = 0.468) compared with opioid-free analgesia. Although opioid prescribing varied greatly between high-income and low- and middle-income countries, patient-reported outcomes did not.Conclusion: Opioid analgesia prescription on surgical discharge is associated with a higher risk of re-presentation owing to side-effects of medication and increased patient-reported pain, but not with changes in patient-reported satisfaction. Opioid-free discharge analgesia should be adopted routinely
Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study
Summary
Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally.
Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies
have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of
the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income
countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality.
Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to
hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis,
exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a
minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical
status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary
intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause,
in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status.
We did a complete case analysis.
Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital
diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal
malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome
countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male.
Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3).
Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income
countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups).
Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome
countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries;
p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients
combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11],
p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20
[1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention
(ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety
checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed
(ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of
parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65
[0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality.
Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome,
middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will
be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger
than 5 years by 2030
THE ROLE OF WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS ON ECONOMİC DEVELOPMENT: THE CASE OF BİNGÖL AND DİYARBAKİR
AKADEMİSYENLERİN İNTERNET BANKACILIĞI HAKKINDAKİ TUTUM, DÜŞÜNCE ve DAVRANIŞLARI: ERZİNCAN ÜNİVERSİTESİ ÖRNEĞİ
Bilişim teknolojisindeki gelişmeler ve kişisel bilgisayarların yaygınlaşmasıyla birlikte günlük yaşamın bir parçası haline gelen internet bankacılığı hizmetlerinin kalitesi bankaların imajını etkilemekte dolayısıyla bu konu bankaların rekabet edebilirliklerinde stratejik bir önem kazanmaktadır. Toplumun çeşitli kesimlerin internet bankacılığı ile ilgili düşünce, tutum ve davranışlarının tespit ve analiz edilmesi, banka sektörü açısından oldukça önemlidir. Çünkü günümüzde müşteri memnuniyetini sürdürülebilir kılmak ve ayrıca rekabet edebilmek ancak hizmetlerden yararlanan kesimlerin algı ve düşüncelerinin tespit ve analiz edilmesinden geçmektedir. Bu bağlamda internet bankacılığı hizmetini sunan bankalar açısından müşterilerinin bu konudaki düşüncelerinin analiz edilmesi stratejik öneme sahiptir. Çalışma akademisyenlerin internet bankacılığı ile ilgili düşünce, tutum ve davranışlarını tespit ve analiz etme amacına odaklanmıştır. Algı ve tutumları ölçmeye yönelik yapılan çalışmalarda en çok kullanılan öznel ölçüt türü anket çalışmalarıdır. Dolayısıyla çalışmada katılımcıların internet bankacılığı konusundaki algı ve tutumları tespit ve analiz edilmeye çalışıldığı için anket yöntemi tercih edilmiştir. Bu bağlamda Mayıs 2011 tarihinde Erzincan Üniversitesi’nde görev yapan akademisyenlerin internet bankacılığı konusundaki algı ve düşüncelerini analiz edebilmek amacıyla bir alan araştırması gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmanın evreni Erzincan Üniversitesi’nin çeşitli birimlerinde çalışan 387 akademisyen olarak belirlenmiştir. Tesadüfî örneklem yöntemi ile belirlenen 140 akademisyen ise araştırmanın örneklemini oluşturmuştur. Araştırma kapsamında dağıtılan anket formlarından geri dönen ve tutarlı cevaplara sahip anketlerdeki veriler SPSS 17.00 programına yüklenmiş ve analiz edilmiştir