An integrated method for ranking of risk in BOT projects

In BOT approach, the private sector is granted a concession to plan, design, construct, operate and maintain a project in a certain period of time and after that it should be transferred to the government. In this paper, at first the risks of the BOT projects are identified, then we rank the risks based on their severity and effect on project objectives (time, cost, quality, safety and environmental) by two methods, namely FTOPSIS and FSAW. In the next stage, obtained results by NGT method are integrated. Afterward, the occurrence and detection values of each risk are determined by experts and ultimately the risks are evaluated according to risk priority number (RPN) of failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) technique. Finally, an example is shown to highlight the procedure of the proposed method at the end of this paper

A Fuzzy AHP Model in Risk Ranking

The signification risks associated with construction projects need special attention from contractors to analyze and mange the risks. Risk management is the art and science of identifying, analyzing and responding to risk factors throughout the life cycle of the project and in the best interest of its objectives. In proposed model, we firstly identify risks in the construction projects and suitable criteria for evaluate risks and then structure the proposed AHP model. Finally we measure the significant risks in construction projects (SRCP) based on the project’s objectives by using fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (FAHP) technique. Keyword: Construction projects, Project Risk Management, Fuzzy AH

An integrated method for ranking of risk in BOT projects

In BOT approach, the private sector is granted a concession to plan, design, construct, operate and maintain a project in a certain period of time and after that it should be transferred to the government. In this paper, at first the risks of the BOT projects are identified, then we rank the risks based on their severity and effect on project objectives (time, cost, quality, safety and environmental) by two methods, namely FTOPSIS and FSAW. In the next stage, obtained results by NGT method are integrated. Afterward, the occurrence and detection values of each risk are determined by experts and ultimately the risks are evaluated according to risk priority number (RPN) of failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) technique. Finally, an example is shown to highlight the procedure of the proposed method at the end of this paper

Effect of resistance and power training with walking in different directions on the serum concentrations of P3NP and CAF, the lower body muscle strength and motor function in elderly men

Objective(s): Examine the effect of resistance and power training with walking in four directions on the N-terminal peptide of type III procollagen (P3NP), the C-terminal agrin fragment (CAF), the lower body muscle strength and motor function in elderly people. Materials and Methods: Thirty-one elderly men were selected and divided into three groups: control group (C); resistance training (RT) group, and power training (PT) group. RT was performed with 8–10 repetitions during 20–35 seconds of exercise and PT with 8–10 repetitions during 10–13 seconds of exercise. The exercise to which subjects were exposed to, in both resistance and power training groups, consisted in walking in four directions for 12 weeks (two sessions per week). Body mass index (BMI), functional tests, and lower body strength were also measured. The serum levels of P3NP and CAF were evaluated in all groups. Results: Lower body strength (leg press, plantar ankle flexion, knee extension, leg curl) and motor function (chair stand test, timed up and go, 6-minute walking), improved following the exercise, while no effect was found concerning the serum levels of P3NP and CAF. Conclusions: An increase in motor function and lower body strength was observed in both types of exercise programmes discussed in this paper, although the exercise should be done rapidly for a better result.Part of the cost of this article was provided by the Hakim Sabzevari University of Medical Sciences (Sabzevar, Iran)

Hydrogen embrittlement behavior in FeCCrNiBSi TRIP steel

The effect of plastic deformations on the hydrogen embrittlement (HE) of transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) steel was studied. In situ tensile tests showed that with increasing hydrogen current density, total elongation loss was raised to 36.8% as compared to an uncharged specimen. The electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) observation indicated that hydrogen charging decreased stacking fault energy (SFE), resulting in the formation of more α′- martensite by both indirect and direct transformation. The α′- martensite volume fraction at the same degree of deformation in uncharged and charged samples was 31% and 39%, respectively. With plastic deformation, reversible trap sites were raised because of the increased dislocation density and the formation of α′- martensite, which was obtained from EBSD characterization and had a good correlation with the results of the thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS) analysis

Effect of hydrogen on the microstructure and mechanical properties of FeCCrNiBxSi advanced high strength steels

This research provided a thorough knowledge of the hydrogen embrittlement in AHSS models based on FeCCrNiB0Si (AHSS1) and FeCCrNiB2Si (AHSS2) alloy systems. The results obtained by electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) showed the local deformation in the cracked regions. Thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS) analysis showed despite the higher ratio of irreversible to reversible traps in AHSS2 compared to AHSS1, the susceptibility to HE in AHSS2 was greater than AHSS1 due to the addition of boron and the γ/Cr2B interfaces’ decohesion in the presence of hydrogen. Higher Taylor factor grains in H-charged samples were more likely to suffer plastic instability