Impact of Public and Private Investment on GDP Growth in Bangladesh: Crowding-in or Out?

The study investigates into the impact of public and private investment on GDP growth in Bangladesh over the period 1980-2016 within ARDL framework It also enquires into the causal relationship between investment public and private and GDP growth using Block Exogeneity Wald Test The study primarily finds that there exists a significant impact of both public and private investment on GDP growth in the long run In the short run public investment does not affect but private investment has a positive impact on GDP growth The study also uncovers a bidirectional association between public investment and GDP growth whereas unidirectional relationships from private investment to GDP growth and from public investment to private investment Consequently public investment crowds-in private investment Therefore increase in public investment is critical to moving to the next level of the country s growt

A quick termination detection protocol by reducing overload for mobile ad hoc networks

An ad hoc network is characterized by the fact that there is no fixed topology due to the mobility of nodes, interference, multipath propagation and path loss. Execution of applications in such kind of networks typically consists of a number of successive phases such as network reprogramming, localization, power monitoring, and parameter updates. Termination detection of a phase is therefore a critical operation to safely execute a new phase on some or all of the network nodes. In resource constrained network environment the overhead should be minimum in order to increase throughput and minimize delay. This paper studies the existing solutions for termination detection by analyzing their effectiveness. Moreover, in this paper, we propose an efficient algorithmic solution to encounter termination detection by minimizing the network overloads

Cross-Correlation-Based Fisheries Stock Assessment Technique: Utilization of Standard Deviation of Cross-Correlation Function as Estimation Parameter with Four Acoustic Sensors

In the past, cross-correlation-based fisheries stock assessment technique utilized the mean and the ratio of standard deviation to the mean of cross-correlation function (CCF) as estimation parameter. However, in this paper, we have utilized only standard deviation of CCF as estimation parameter to estimate the population size. We utilized four acoustic sensors and considered chirp sound which is commonly generated by damselfish (Dascyllus aruanus), humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae), dugongs (Dugong dugon), etc., species to accomplish the simulations. We found that a robust estimation can be obtained using standard deviation of CCF as estimation parameter even when the distances between acoustic sensors are small

Formulation, in vitro evaluation and characterization of atorvastatin solid dispersion

Purpose: To formulate a polymer-incorporated solid dispersion preparation for enhancing the dissolution and bioavailability of atorvastatin calcium trihydrate (ATV), while maintaining oral compatibility.Method: Four different methods, i.e., physical mixing (PM), fusion (F), solvent evaporation (SE) and kneading (K), as well as three different excipients i.e. croscarmellose sodium (CCS), microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and lactose (LAC) were used to formulate various drug-carrier combinations.Results: In SE method, the rank order of magnitude of drug release was CCS > LAC > MCC, while in fusion and kneading methods, the rank order of release was MCC > CCS > LAC and MCC > CCS > LAC, respectively. Drug release of atorvastatin was maximum (103 %) in FM2 formulation. However,this formulation was non-compatible based on spectroscopic analysis. In contrast, SC2 formulations at 1:2 ratio were compatible in terms of cumulative drug release (99 %), and based on spectroscopic data, thermal analysis and microscopic evaluation.Conclusion: These results confirm that CCS forms a superior interface with atorvastatin when SE formulation method is used. Thus, solid dispersion is a promising approach for enhancing the oral bioavailability of atorvastatin. Keywords: Atorvastatin, Solid dispersion, Bioavailability, Solvent evaporatio

Plasmodium falciparum OTU‐like cysteine protease (PfOTU) is essential for apicoplast homeostasis and associates with noncanonical role of Atg8

The metabolic pathways associated with the mitochondrion and the apicoplast in Plasmodium, 2 parasite organelles of prokaryotic origin, are considered as suitable drug targets. In the present study, we have identified functional role of a novel ovarian tumour unit (OTU) domain-containing cysteine protease of Plasmodium falciparum (PfOTU). A C-terminal regulatable fluorescent affinity tag on native protein was utilised for its localization and functional characterization. Detailed studies showed vesicular localization of PfOTU and its association with the apicoplast. Degradation-tag mediated knockdown of PfOTU resulted in abnormal apicoplast development and blocked development of parasites beyond early-schizont stages in subsequent cell cycle; downregulation of PfOTU hindered apicoplast protein import. Further, the isoprenoid precursor-mediated parasite growth-rescue experiments confirmed that PfOTU knockdown specifically effect development of functional apicoplast. We also provide evidence for a possible biological function of PfOTU in membrane deconjugation of Atg8, which may be linked with the apicoplast protein import. Overall, our results show that the PfOTU is involved in apicoplast homeostasis and associates with the noncanonical function of Atg8 in maintenance of parasite apicoplast

TEAM-Atreides at SemEval-2022 Task 11: On leveraging data augmentation and ensemble to recognize complex Named Entities in Bangla

Many areas, such as the biological and healthcare domain, artistic works, and organization names, have nested, overlapping, discontinuous entity mentions that may even be syntactically or semantically ambiguous in practice. Traditional sequence tagging algorithms are unable to recognize these complex mentions because they may violate the assumptions upon which sequence tagging schemes are founded. In this paper, we describe our contribution to SemEval 2022 Task 11 on identifying such complex Named Entities. We have leveraged the ensemble of multiple ELECTRA-based models that were exclusively pretrained on the Bangla language with the performance of ELECTRA-based models pretrained on English to achieve competitive performance on the Track-11. Besides providing a system description, we will also present the outcomes of our experiments on architectural decisions, dataset augmentations, and post-competition findings.Comment: accepted in Proceedings of the 16th International Workshop on Semantic Evaluatio

Roost-Tier Preference in Roost-Trees: A Case Study in the Bats <em>Pteropus giganteus</em>

The Indian flying foxes Pteropus giganteus are habituated to spend the day hours roosting in suitable roost trees. They are seen hanging here and there in a roost tree. It is not known whether they have preferred roost sites rather hanging spots in the concerned roost tree. To testify the said hypothesis we selected two roost trees, Albizia lebbeck and Tamarindus indica locating at distant places (75 km apart) in the arid zone of West Bengal, India during the period of last ten years. It is revealed that P. giganteus preferred branches of the roost tree which are locating in the mid-tier of tree. But depending upon the situations the less preferred sites are not spared as these sites are used by the late comers. Statistical tests following application of one-way ANOVA justified significant effect of the roost branch on the abundance of bat population (P<0.05), abundance of bats in the roost branches is highly correlated in respect to the study years (r=0.96) is also justified from the study of normality distribution plot, and the results of GLMM strongly support the hypothesis irrespective of the variables, that is branches of the roost tree and the year of observations (P = 0.0)

Collaborative lexicon development for Bangla

Includes bibliographical references (page 7).This paper addresses the issue of building a Bangla lexicon with a collaborative effort through stand alone application and web based interface. The words in the lexicon will be annotated with a combination of tags addressing Parts-of-speech, syntactic, semantic and other grammatical features. Bangla words have been classified into several different parts – of – speech categories including various major word groups and subgroups. This paper aims to provide an integrated user – friendly software interface to the user to annotate a large existing Bangla word set and proposes a mechanism to collaboratively integrate linguists and other interested people into the lexicon build up process. The effort will be a significant progress towards development of a properly annotated lexicon. The outcome of the effort will significantly help in the processes of Morphological Analysis, Automatic grammar Extraction and machine translation for Bangla.Dewan Shahriar Hossain PavelAsif Iqbal SarkarFaisal Muhammad ShahMumit Kha