Bacterial diseases of tilapia, their zoonotic potential and risk of antimicrobial resistance

Tilapia culture is an important source of income and nutrition to many rural families. Since 2000, the production of tilapia increased and reached domestic and global markets. Major farmed species is Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), in earthen ponds and cage cultures. Intensification contributed to global tilapia disease outbreaks, with bacterial infections causing mortalities and morbidities, threatening sustainable production. At tilapia farms, high nutrient concentrations, water temperature and fish densities enhance bacterial growth including virulent bacterial clones and potential zoonotic bacteria. Global warming favours this. This review respectively provides a comprehensive overview of the most common and emerging bacterial pathogens, diseases, clinical presentations and diagnostics of tilapia, including bacteria and diseases with zoonotic potential. First, common bacterial disease outbreaks, including streptococcosis, motile Aeromonas septicaemia, francisellosis, columnaris disease and vibriosis are described. Then, information on emerging bacterial infections of concern for tilapia, like edwardsiellosis through Edwardsiella ictaluri and E. tarda, as well as Aeromonas schubertii is provided. Reports of infectious bacterial tilapia disease outbreaks from other bacteria, including Lactococcus garvieae, Aerococcus viridans, Pseudomonas spp., Mycobacterium marinum and Chlamydia spp., and others are reviewed. Furthermore, bacteria with zoonotic potential, like Streptococcus agalactiae ST283, S. iniae, Aeromonas sp., E. tarda, Vibrio vulnificus pathovar (pv) piscis and M. marinum are included in the review, to provide the most current overview of the disease risks affecting production and post-harvest stages. Additionally, the status and risks of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria from tilapia and other cultured fish through imprudent use of antibiotics, and its future at a global level are provided

Asian American College Student Activism and Social Justice in Midwest Contexts

The Midwest regional context complicates Asian American college student activism and social justice efforts; so understanding these dynamics can equip higher education practitioners to better support these students.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/149515/1/he20321.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/149515/2/he20321_am.pd

Regional actorness and interregional relations:ASEAN, the EU and Mercosur

The European Union (EU) has a long tradition of interregional dialogue mechanisms with other regional organisations and is using these relations to project its own model of institutionalised actorness. This is partly motivated by the emerging actorness of the EU itself, which benefits from fostering capable regional counterparts in other parts of the world. This article advances the argument that actorness, which we conceptualise in terms of institutions, recognition and identity, is a relational concept, dependent on context and perception. Taking the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and the Common Market of the South (Mercosur) and their relations with the EU as case studies, this article demonstrates that the actorness capabilities of all three organisations have been enhanced as result of ASEAN-EU and Mercosur-EU relations. However, there are clear limits to the development of the three components of regional actorness and to the interregional relations themselves. These limits stem both from the type of interregionalism at play and from the different regional models the actors incorporate. While there is evidence of institutional enhancement in ASEAN and Mercosur, these formal changes have been grafted on top of firmly entrenched normative underpinnings. Within the regional organisations, interactions with the EU generate centrifugal forces concerning the model to pursue, thus limiting their institutional cohesion and capacity. In addition, group-to-group relations have reinforced ASEAN and Mercosur identities in contrast to the EU. The formation of such differences has narrowed the scope of EU interregionalism despite the initial success of improved regional actorness

Genome-wide trans-ancestry meta-analysis provides insight into the genetic architecture of type 2 diabetes susceptibility.

To further understanding of the genetic basis of type 2 diabetes (T2D) susceptibility, we aggregated published meta-analyses of genome-wide association studies (GWAS), including 26,488 cases and 83,964 controls of European, east Asian, south Asian and Mexican and Mexican American ancestry. We observed a significant excess in the directional consistency of T2D risk alleles across ancestry groups, even at SNPs demonstrating only weak evidence of association. By following up the strongest signals of association from the trans-ethnic meta-analysis in an additional 21,491 cases and 55,647 controls of European ancestry, we identified seven new T2D susceptibility loci. Furthermore, we observed considerable improvements in the fine-mapping resolution of common variant association signals at several T2D susceptibility loci. These observations highlight the benefits of trans-ethnic GWAS for the discovery and characterization of complex trait loci and emphasize an exciting opportunity to extend insight into the genetic architecture and pathogenesis of human diseases across populations of diverse ancestry

Towards Customary Legal Empowerment

Rule of Law and Development: Formation, Implementation and Improvement of Law and Governance in Developing Countrie

Está insatisfeito com o seu chefe? Será devido a ele ou a si? O efeito que o locus de controlo tem na relação entre liderança e satisfação

Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada no ISPA - Instituto Universitário para a obtenção de grau de Mestre na especialidade de Psicologia Social e das Organizações.A presente investigação teve como objetivo estudar a relação que existe entre as variáveis Liderança, Satisfação com o Líder e Locus de Controlo, no âmbito organizacional. Sendo assim, o principal objetivo da investigação é estudar se a relação entre Liderança e Satisfação com o Supervisor é positiva ou negativa, e se o Locus de Controlo tem um efeito moderador nessa mesma relação. A amostra desta dissertação é composta por 149 trabalhadores (dos quais 68% são do género feminino) recrutados através do método snowball, e que têm supervisão direta. A avaliação da Liderança Transformacional e Transacional foi feita através do Questionário Multifatorial de Liderança (Salanova, Lorente, Chambel, & Martínez, 2011); a Satisfação com o Supervisor foi avaliada com recurso a parte do Questionário de Satisfação Laboral S20/23, (Pocinho e Garcia, 2008); e o Locus de Controlo foi medido através da escala MASLOC (Multidimensional Academic-Specific Locus of Control) (Barros, 1992). Os resultados indicam que existe uma relação positiva entre os dois estilos de Liderança e a Satisfação com o Supervisor. No entanto, o efeito de moderação do Locus de Controlo entre a Liderança e a Satisfação com o Supervisor não se verificou. No fim foram discutidas as implicações e limitações consideradas no presente estudo e foram feitas sugestões para estudos futuros.This research aimed to examine the relationship between Leadership, Satisfaction with Leadership, and Locus of Control in organizations. Specifically, this research tested if the relationship between leadership style and employees satisfaction with leadership is moderated by employees’ locus of control. Participants were 149 employees (68% of which were female), engaged in the current research through a snowball participant’s recruitment procedure. All participants had a direct supervisor. Transformational and transactional Leadership styles were measured using the Multifactorial Leadership Questionnaire (Salanova, Lorente, Chambel, & Martínez, 2011); Satisfaction with supervisor was assessed using part of the Satisfaction with Work Questionnaire (Pocinho & Garcia, 2008); and Locus of Control was measured using the MASLOC (Multidimensional Academic-Specific Locus of Control), (Barros, 1992). The research findings suggest that there is a positive relationship between supervisor’s Leadership style, and employees’ satisfaction with leadership. However, locus of control did not have any effect on this relationship. The study’s limitations and implications were also debated in the end of the dissertation

Legal Empowerment and Horizontal Inequalities after Conflict

This article explores whether legal empowerment can address horizontal inequalities in post-conflict settings, and, if so, how. It argues that legal empowerment has modest potential to reduce these inequalities. Nevertheless, there are risks that legal empowerment might contribute to a strengthening of group identities, reduction of social cohesion, and, in the worst case, triggering of conflict. It looks at how two legal empowerment programmes in Liberia navigated the tensions between equity and peace