The Role of Learner-training in Acquiring Vocabulary Via Context by Iraqi Kurdish EFL University Students

تهدف الدراسة‌ إلى التحقيق في مدى تأثير تدريب المتعلمين على تعلم المفردات من السياق بشكل إيجابي على عملية اكتساب المفردات على المستوى الجامعي. تتبع الدراسة منهجاً كمياً باستخدام استبيان المعلم ويتم إجراء التحليل الإحصائي ببرنامج SPSS. وشارك أربعة وخمسون مدربا من جامعات محافظة السليمانية الحكومية والخاصة. أظهرت نتائج الدراسة الرئيسية أن تدريب المتعلمين على تقنيات داخل الفصل مثل اتباع خطوات استنتاج المعنى من السياق، واستخدام القرائن النحوية لتعزيز تخمين المفردات والتحقق من صحة التخمين باستخدام القاموس أيضًا تدريب المتعلمين على تقنيات خارج الفصل مثل مشاهدة الأفلام و يؤدي الاستماع إلى الأغاني والتفاعل بوسائل التواصل الاجتماعي والألعاب إلى تحسين حجم مفردات المتعلم بشكل كبير. تظهر النتائج أيضًا أنه من بين الإستراتيجيات المذكورة أعلاه، فإن تدريب المتعلمين على اتباع خطوات استنتاج المعنى من السياق وتوجيه المتعلمين لاستنتاج المعنى من السياق بمشاهدة الأفلام يتفوق على الإستراتيجيات الأخرى. قد يؤدي اعتماد الطرق المذكورة في هذه الدراسة إلى تحسين مفردات المتعلمين وفهمهم بشكل إيجابي، وتسريع عملية تعلم المفردات. قد تشجع نتائج هذه الدراسة أيضًا مدربي اللغة الإنجليزية كلغة أجنبية على اتباع الأساليب اعتمادًا على مستوى فهم المتعلمين واهتمامهم.This paper aims to investigate the extent to which training learners in vocabulary learning from context has positive impact on the process of vocabulary acquisition at university level. The study follows a quantitative approach using instructor questionnaire and statistical analysis is conducted through SPSS program. Forty-five instructors from both public and private Sulaimani Province Universities were involved. The main study findings showed that training learners on inside class techniques such as following the steps of inferring meaning from context, using grammatical clues to enhance vocabulary guess and checking the correctness of the guess by using dictionary also training learners on outside class techniques like watching movies, listening to songs, social media interaction and gaming can significantly improve learner’s vocabulary size. The findings also show that among the fore mentioned strategies, training learners to follow the steps of inferring meaning from context and directing learners to infer meaning from context through watching movies are superior to other strategies. Adopting the mentioned ways in this study may positively improve learners’ vocabulary and comprehension, and also speeds up the vocabulary learning process. The findings of this study may also encourage the EFL instructors to follow the techniques depending on their learners’ level of understanding and interest

Effect of early tranexamic acid administration on mortality, hysterectomy, and other morbidities in women with post-partum haemorrhage (WOMAN): an international, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Background Post-partum haemorrhage is the leading cause of maternal death worldwide. Early administration of tranexamic acid reduces deaths due to bleeding in trauma patients. We aimed to assess the effects of early administration of tranexamic acid on death, hysterectomy, and other relevant outcomes in women with post-partum haemorrhage. Methods In this randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, we recruited women aged 16 years and older with a clinical diagnosis of post-partum haemorrhage after a vaginal birth or caesarean section from 193 hospitals in 21 countries. We randomly assigned women to receive either 1 g intravenous tranexamic acid or matching placebo in addition to usual care. If bleeding continued after 30 min, or stopped and restarted within 24 h of the first dose, a second dose of 1 g of tranexamic acid or placebo could be given. Patients were assigned by selection of a numbered treatment pack from a box containing eight numbered packs that were identical apart from the pack number. Participants, care givers, and those assessing outcomes were masked to allocation. We originally planned to enrol 15 000 women with a composite primary endpoint of death from all-causes or hysterectomy within 42 days of giving birth. However, during the trial it became apparent that the decision to conduct a hysterectomy was often made at the same time as randomisation. Although tranexamic acid could influence the risk of death in these cases, it could not affect the risk of hysterectomy. We therefore increased the sample size from 15 000 to 20 000 women in order to estimate the effect of tranexamic acid on the risk of death from post-partum haemorrhage. All analyses were done on an intention-to-treat basis. This trial is registered with ISRCTN76912190 (Dec 8, 2008); ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00872469; and PACTR201007000192283. Findings Between March, 2010, and April, 2016, 20 060 women were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive tranexamic acid (n=10 051) or placebo (n=10 009), of whom 10 036 and 9985, respectively, were included in the analysis. Death due to bleeding was significantly reduced in women given tranexamic acid (155 [1·5%] of 10 036 patients vs 191 [1·9%] of 9985 in the placebo group, risk ratio [RR] 0·81, 95% CI 0·65–1·00; p=0·045), especially in women given treatment within 3 h of giving birth (89 [1·2%] in the tranexamic acid group vs 127 [1·7%] in the placebo group, RR 0·69, 95% CI 0·52–0·91; p=0·008). All other causes of death did not differ significantly by group. Hysterectomy was not reduced with tranexamic acid (358 [3·6%] patients in the tranexamic acid group vs 351 [3·5%] in the placebo group, RR 1·02, 95% CI 0·88–1·07; p=0·84). The composite primary endpoint of death from all causes or hysterectomy was not reduced with tranexamic acid (534 [5·3%] deaths or hysterectomies in the tranexamic acid group vs 546 [5·5%] in the placebo group, RR 0·97, 95% CI 0·87-1·09; p=0·65). Adverse events (including thromboembolic events) did not differ significantly in the tranexamic acid versus placebo group. Interpretation Tranexamic acid reduces death due to bleeding in women with post-partum haemorrhage with no adverse effects. When used as a treatment for postpartum haemorrhage, tranexamic acid should be given as soon as possible after bleeding onset. Funding London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Pfizer, UK Department of Health, Wellcome Trust, and Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation

How can students-as-partners work address challenges to student, faculty, and staff mental health and well-being?

Mental health has emerged as a critical area of attention in higher education, and educational research over the last 15 years has focused increasingly on emotions and wellbeing at all stages of education (Hill et al., 2021). While definitions of well-being vary, most are premised on “good quality of life” (Nair et al., 2018, p. 69). Within the last few years, we have experienced an intersection of several forces that undermine or threaten good quality of life. These include the uncertainties prompted by the COVID-19 pandemic (Hews et al., 2022, U.S. Surgeon General, n.d.), climate change (Charlson et al., 2021), racism and social injustices (Williams & Etkins, 2021), the cost-of-living crisis (Montacute, 2023), and the lack of motivation and higher incidence of mental health issues associated with growing concerns about job prospects and income (Chowdhury et al., 2022). This fifth iteration of Voices from the Field explores some of the ways in which students-as-partners work can address challenges to the mental health and well-being of students, faculty, and staff. This focus, proposed by members of the IJSaP Editorial Board, both responds to the intersecting realities named above and remains true to the goal of this section of the journal, which is to offer a venue for a wide range of contributors to address important questions around and aspects of students-as-partners work without going through the intensive submission, peer-review, and revision processes. The prompt we included in the call for this iteration of Voices was: “In what ways can students-as-partners work address challenges to the mental health and well-being of students, staff, and faculty posed by the current realities in the wider world (socio-political, environmental, economic, etc.) that affect higher education?

Derivations on FCIN Algebras

Let L be an algebra generated by the commuting independent nests, M is an ultra-weakly closed subalgebra of B(H) which contains alg L and phi is a norm continuous linear mapping from alg L into M. In this paper we will show that a norm continuous linear derivable mapping at zero point from Al 1 L to M is a derivation

(m, n)-Jordan Derivations

A subspace lattice L on H is called commutative subspace lattice if all projections in L commute pairwise. It is denoted by CSL. If L is a CSL, then algL is called a CSL algebra. Under the assumption m + n not equal 0 where m; n are fixed integers, if delta is a mapping from L into itself satisfying the condition (m + n)delta(A(2)) = 2m delta(A)A + 2nA delta(A) for all A is an element of A, we call delta an (m, n) Jordan derivation. We show that if delta is a norm continuous linear (m, n) mapping from A into it self then delta is a (m, n)-Jordan derivation

Assessing the Vulnerabilities of Current and Future Production Systems in Punjab, Pakistan

Mankind is in peril and there are many reasons for this; however, climate change precedes all other reasons. Problems of poor farming communities are augmented due to the menace of climate change. This study endeavors to determine the effect on farming communities of both climate change and a situation without climate change. To carry out the study, three different districts were selected (Rawalpindi, Chakwal, and Layyah). Impact of the climate vagaries on per capita income, farm returns, and poverty of the respondents was taken into consideration. To achieve pathways analysis, regional representative agricultural pathways were used. The decision support system for agrotechnology transfer (DSSAT) crop growth model was employed for wheat-related simulations. The tradeoff analysis model for multidimensional impact assessment (TOA-MD) model was used for economic analysis. The results lend credence to the aforementioned nuisance of climate change, as the findings which came through were negatively affecting farm returns, per capita income, and poverty of the farmers. The negative impact applies to both current and future production systems. Farmers are up against the wall because of climate change and they will have to adopt new innovations to raise their productivity

Protective potential of fresh orange juice against zinc oxide nanoparticles‐induced trans‐placental and trans‐generational toxicity in mice

Abstract Due to the emerging applications of nanoparticles, human exposure to nanoparticles is unavoidable, particularly to zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs), owing to their wide range of usage. The ongoing study aimed to evaluate trans‐generational toxic potential of ZnO NPs through exposure to F0 mothers, in F1 pups and F1 mature offspring and the protective potential of fresh orange juice (OJ). Twenty‐eight F0 mothers were randomly allocated into four groups (n = 7), control; untreated, dose group; exposed to ZnO NPs, dose+antidote group; coadministered ZnO NPs + OJ, antidote group; OJ, during the organogenetic period. Fifty percent of F0 mothers were subjected to cesarean sections on the 18th day of gestation and F1 pups were recovered, macro‐photographed, and dissected for liver evisceration, while 50% of F0 mothers underwent standard delivery. After parturition, F1 offspring were examined, and the liver and blood samples were extracted. Observations showed that ZnO NPs exposure in F0 mothers in preparturition and postparturition resulted in decreased body weight, increased liver weight, and elevated levels of ALT and AST significantly p ≤ .05 as compared to the control and antidote groups. Histopathological analysis of maternal livers intoxicated with NPs showed the disruptive structure of central vein, hepatocytes, and Kupffer cells in F0 mothers, while F1 pups showed morphological deviations and distorted development of the liver tissue and congestion, in contrast to the control. F1 offspring of NPs exposed mothers, even at postnatal week 8 showed pyknotic nuclei and activated Kupffer cells in the liver sections against control. But in the case of the Dose+antidote group, alterations were less severe than in the dose group. It can be concluded that exposure to ZnO NPs instigates teratogenicity and hepatotoxicity in F1 pups, F0 mothers, and F1 offspring, respectively, while fresh orange juice acts as a remedial agent against the abovementioned toxicities

Isolation and Characterization of Phosphate Solubilizing Microbes from Rock Phosphate Mines and Their Potential Effect for Sustainable Agriculture

Continuous application of phosphate (P) mineral to soil renders apatite addition during each crop growing season which is of great concern from a sustainable agriculture viewpoint. Use of efficient phosphate solubilizing microbes (PSB) is one of the most effective ways to solubilize this apatite mineral in the soil. The current study targeted hydroxyapatite mines to explore, isolate and characterize efficient P solubilizers to solubilize apatite in the soil. Efficiency of isolated microbes to solubilize rock phosphate (hydroxyapatite) and tri-calcium phosphate (TCP) as well as indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase (ACC) activity were tested. Identification and phylogenetic analysis of bacterial and fungal isolates were carried out by 16S rRNA and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA sequence analyses, respectively. The isolated bacterial strains were identified as Staphylococcus sp., Bacillus firmus, Bacillus safensis, and Bacillus licheniformis whereas fungal isolates were identified as Penicillium sp. and Penicillium oxalicum. Results showed that the impact of identified strains in combination with three phosphate fertilizers sources (compost, rock phosphate and diammonium phosphate (DAP)) was conspicuous on maize crop grown in pot. Both bacterial and fungal strains increased the P uptake by plants as well as recorded with higher available P in post-harvested soil. Penicillium sp. in combination with compost resulted in maximum P-uptake by plants and post-harvest soil P contents, compared to other combinations of P sources and bio-inoculants. Screening and application of efficient P solubilizers can be a better option to utilize the indigenous phosphate reserves of soil as well as organic amendments for sustainable agriculture