Oral Candidiasis Review: Pathogenesis, Clinical Presentation, And Treatment Strategies

The candidiasis is an opportunistic infection commonly affecting the oral cavity. The most prevalent clinical symptoms of candidiasis seen in medical and dental practice is oral candidiasis. People who are extremely young, elderly, or already ill are more likely to develop the illness. The present review summarize classification, pathophysiology, laboratory diagnosis and treatment and management of oral candidiasis. Additionally, medicinal herbs and nutraceuticals can be explored as a safe, accessible, and cost-effective therapy option for oral candidiasi

Oral Candidiasis Review: Pathogenesis, Clinical Presentation, And Treatment Strategies

The candidiasis is an opportunistic infection commonly affecting the oral cavity. The most prevalent clinical symptoms of candidiasis seen in medical and dental practice is oral candidiasis. People who are extremely young, elderly, or already ill are more likely to develop the illness. The present review summarize classification, pathophysiology, laboratory diagnosis and treatment and management of oral candidiasis. Additionally, medicinal herbs and nutraceuticals can be explored as a safe, accessible, and cost-effective therapy option for oral candidiasis

EFFICACY OF ORMELOXIFENE IN MANAGEMENT OF DYSFUNCTIONAL UTERINE BLEEDING

Objective: The objective was to evaluate the efficacy of ormeloxifene in dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB) with respect to bleeding pattern and improvement in hemoglobin (Hb).Methods: This was an interventional study on 99 patients of DUB visiting the gynecology outpatient department over 1 year using semi-structured pro forma. After voluntary participation of patients, tablet ormeloxifene was given at the dose of 30 mg biweekly for 2 months. In case of a therapeutic response as informed by the patient, the dose was reduced to 30 mg weekly for a further period of 4 months. All patients were treated for 6 months. Type, amount, and duration of bleeding, frequency of menstrual cycle, passage of clots, and impact on Hb were assessed.Result and Observations: Menorrhagia was the main type of bleeding. 36–40 years of age group was the most common. After the intervention, 76.8% of women achieved a duration of bleeding of 4–5 days, and in 87% of women, menstrual cycle became regular. Passage of clots was reduced by 71.83%. Mean Hb concentration of study participants increased by 0.5 g/dl at the end of the study.Conclusion: Ormeloxifene is effective alternative and appears to be a promising option for the medical management of DUB

Albiglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (Harmony Outcomes): a double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial

Background: Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists differ in chemical structure, duration of action, and in their effects on clinical outcomes. The cardiovascular effects of once-weekly albiglutide in type 2 diabetes are unknown. We aimed to determine the safety and efficacy of albiglutide in preventing cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke. Methods: We did a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial in 610 sites across 28 countries. We randomly assigned patients aged 40 years and older with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (at a 1:1 ratio) to groups that either received a subcutaneous injection of albiglutide (30–50 mg, based on glycaemic response and tolerability) or of a matched volume of placebo once a week, in addition to their standard care. Investigators used an interactive voice or web response system to obtain treatment assignment, and patients and all study investigators were masked to their treatment allocation. We hypothesised that albiglutide would be non-inferior to placebo for the primary outcome of the first occurrence of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke, which was assessed in the intention-to-treat population. If non-inferiority was confirmed by an upper limit of the 95% CI for a hazard ratio of less than 1·30, closed testing for superiority was prespecified. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02465515. Findings: Patients were screened between July 1, 2015, and Nov 24, 2016. 10 793 patients were screened and 9463 participants were enrolled and randomly assigned to groups: 4731 patients were assigned to receive albiglutide and 4732 patients to receive placebo. On Nov 8, 2017, it was determined that 611 primary endpoints and a median follow-up of at least 1·5 years had accrued, and participants returned for a final visit and discontinuation from study treatment; the last patient visit was on March 12, 2018. These 9463 patients, the intention-to-treat population, were evaluated for a median duration of 1·6 years and were assessed for the primary outcome. The primary composite outcome occurred in 338 (7%) of 4731 patients at an incidence rate of 4·6 events per 100 person-years in the albiglutide group and in 428 (9%) of 4732 patients at an incidence rate of 5·9 events per 100 person-years in the placebo group (hazard ratio 0·78, 95% CI 0·68–0·90), which indicated that albiglutide was superior to placebo (p<0·0001 for non-inferiority; p=0·0006 for superiority). The incidence of acute pancreatitis (ten patients in the albiglutide group and seven patients in the placebo group), pancreatic cancer (six patients in the albiglutide group and five patients in the placebo group), medullary thyroid carcinoma (zero patients in both groups), and other serious adverse events did not differ between the two groups. There were three (<1%) deaths in the placebo group that were assessed by investigators, who were masked to study drug assignment, to be treatment-related and two (<1%) deaths in the albiglutide group. Interpretation: In patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, albiglutide was superior to placebo with respect to major adverse cardiovascular events. Evidence-based glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists should therefore be considered as part of a comprehensive strategy to reduce the risk of cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes. Funding: GlaxoSmithKline

WAVELET ANALYSIS BASED IMAGE SUPER RESOLUTION

The increase in demand and performance of personal computing digital image processing is widely being used in many applications. Digital image process has advantage in term of cost, speed and flexibility. The objective is to extract information from the scene is being viewed. Image resolution describes the amount of information contained by images. Resolution has been frequently referred as an important aspect of an image. Images are being processed in order to obtain more enhanced resolution. One of the commonly used techniques for image resolution enhancement is Interpolation. In this work, an image resolution enhancement technique has been proposed which generates sharper high resolution image. The proposed technique uses DWT to decompose a low resolution image into different subbands. Then the three high frequency sub-band images have been interpolated using bi-cubic interpolation. The high frequency sub-bands obtained by SWT of the input image are being incremented into the interpolated high frequency sub-bands in order to correct the estimated coefficients. In parallel, the input image is also interpolated separately. Although the time and frequency resolution problems are results of a physical phenomenon (the Eisenberg uncertainty principle) and exist regardless of the transform used, it is possible to analyze any signal by using an alternative approach called the multi resolution analysis (MRA

INTELLIGENT HELMET SAFETY SYSTEM FOR MINE WORKERS

This project proposed an embedded system for mine worker’s safety purpose using ARM7.A smart helmet has been developed that is able to detection of hazardous events in the mines industry. In the development of helmet, we have considered the four main types of hazards such as air quality, temperature and humidity and smoke detection. The first is the level of the hazardous gases such as methane, butane, etc. for which MQ4 gas sensor is used. The second hazardous level is a temperature to measure temperature LM35 is used .Third level is humidity in the mine, to measure humidity HSM-20G is used. The fourth hazardous level is smoke detection for smoke detection MQ2 sensor is used. Thisdata will be transmitted to the control room through zigbee wireless network. If these parameters crossed their limit, it will alert the workers by turning ON the buzzer which is situated on helmet then information can provide tocontrol room using zigbee transmitter and receiver. When buzzer is on the mine workers haveto chance to safety his life from the hazards levels occursin coal mines

AN EFFICIENT OPTIMIESED UNIVERSAL WHEELCHAIR

In the world, there are so many people they are suffering from paralysis and the disabilities. This paper provides manual control system and wireless system that can be used by the disabled people to control the directionof wheelchair by the motion of their hands.This system comprises of three applications to control the directions of wheelchair. This technology is designed to be safe to operate and easy to use. The RF module and Bluetooth operated Android application is used to operate wheelchair wirelessly. Here an Android app is created on the smartphone which utilize the phone’s sensors and Bluetooth technology to control the motor control system wirelessly.When this application is turned off, the wheelchair operates using the manual control system. In manual control system, we are using a keypad which consist of four keys. These keys are used to control the direction of wheelchai

AN INNOVATIVE DESIGN & DEVELOPMENT OF MAGNETIC RECIPROCATING ENGINE

GreenEarth is the today’s requirement.Which includes the control to pollution, green and effective power utilizing machineries, by considering the same we are going to design an engine which works on the magnetic force developed by the permanent and electromagnets?This paper gives the working and basic principlesused to design the magnetic reciprocating engine

An Efficient Optimiesed Universal Wheelchair

In the world, there are so many people they are suffering from paralysis and the disabilities. This paper provides manual control system and wireless system that can be used by the disabled people to control the directionof wheelchair by the motion of their hands.This system comprises of three applications to control the directions of wheelchair. This technology is designed to be safe to operate and easy to use. The RF module and Bluetooth operated Android application is used to operate wheelchair wirelessly. Here an Android app is created on the smartphone which utilize the phone's sensors and Bluetooth technology to control the motor control system wirelessly.When this application is turned off, the wheelchair operates using the manual control system. In manual control system, we are using a keypad which consist of four keys. These keys are used to control the direction of wheelchai

Microbial Flora on Aprons of Dental Healthcare Professionals

Objective : To determine the microbial flora present on aprons of dental healthcare professionals in a dental college & hospital. Materials and methods: Total 100 aprons of dental healthcare professionals were included in the study. An informed consent and questionnaire was taken. A cross sectional survey was designed with bacterial contamination of aprons in three predetermined areas (chest, pocket, sleeves). Result: It was observed that 66% of dental healthcare professionals used to wash their aprons once in a week with self grading by the participants, 92% of aprons were moderately clean. 71% of dental health care professionals used to wear their aprons while eating and at nonclinical areas. 88% of chest,84% of pocket and 71% of sleeves of aprons showed growth of microorganisms. Staphylococcus aureus was the most predominant isolate followed by Bacillus species and other all isolates were either environmental microorganisms or skin commensals. Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was also found, which was a matter of concern. Conclusions: Aprons are a potential source of cross infection even in dental settings. It is recommended that guidelines should be there for handling and washing procedures of aprons