The response of pre-inflammatory cytokines factors to different exercises (endurance, resistance, concurrent) in overweight men

Applying several energy systems and concurrent performing of various training models have a more effective role in preventing precocious occurrence of many diseases compared to training single energy system. This can be seen in case of physiologic and metabolic adaptations of the human body too. The present study attempted to investigate the effect of endurance, resistance and concurrent (endurance–resistance) training on pre-inflammatory cytokines in overweight men. Accordingly, 43 healthy overweight (BMI = 28.56± 2.67) young (23.7± 3.3 yr) students were volunteered to participate and randomly divided into three experimental (n= 11) and one control (n= 10) groups. The experimental groups performed 3 days/wk endurance, resistance and concurrent training for 8 weeks. Also, prior to and after the training, a blood sample was collected from the subjects in order to measure pre-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1b, IL-6 and TNF-a). Following 8 week training, repeated measure ANOVA results showed a significant difference in IL-1b (P =0.046) and IL-6 (P = 0.009) compared to baseline. However, this was not the case with the TNF-a. Furthermore, between group comparisons showed significant difference in IL-6 (P =0.020) between endurance and resistance groups. Within group comparisons (depended t student test) also showed a significant difference in IL-1b and IL-6 of endurance and concurrent groups compared to baseline. Generally, it can be concluded that endurance and concurrent exercise training in part has a positive effect on pre-inflammatory cytokines

Effectiveness of Injury Prevention Programs on Developing Quadriceps and Hamstrings Strength of Young Male Professional Soccer Players

Muscular strength is an important factor which is crucial for performance and injury prevention in mos

Effects of swimming towards mental health in collegiate male adults

Sports can be a non-pharmacological way to improve general human health. This study aimed at evaluating mental health among healthy male adults following swimming intervention as one of the recommended sports in Islam. A total of 28 adults aged 19-33 years old were randomly divided into two groups, swimming group (n=14) and control group (n=14). Two sets of questionnaires were employed, the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS) and the Profile of Mood State (POMS), which examined six domains i.e tension, depression, anger, fatigue, confusion, and vigour pre and post-intervention. The swimming group underwent an exercise program three times per week for eight weeks while the control group maintained their usual daily lifestyle. At baseline, there were significant differences were identified for all parameters measured in DASS and POMS excepts total mood disturbance and vigour domain between the two groups. While at post-intervention, there were significant differences between groups in anxiety and stress in DASS, as well as vigour domain in POMS (p< 0.05). After eight weeks of exercise, swimming group showed a significant reduction in all outcomes measured compared to the control group (p< 0.05). This study shows that eight weeks of swimming can exert positive effects on mental health in healthy male collegiate adults

In vivo and in vitro evaluation of the effects of Urtica dioica and swimming activity on diabetic factors and pancreatic beta cells

Abstract Background: Urtica dioica (UD) has been identified as a traditional herbal medicine. This study aimed to investigate the effect of UD extract and swimming activity on diabetic parameters through in vivo and in vitro experiments. Methods: Adult WKY male rats were randomly distributed in nine groups: intact control, diabetic control, diabetic + 625 mg/kg, 1.25 g/kg UD, diabetic + 100 mg/kg Metformin, diabetic + swimming, diabetic + swimming 625 mg/kg, 1.25 g/kg UD, and diabetic +100 mg/kg Metformin + swimming. The hearts of the animals were punctured, and blood samples were collected for biochemical analysis. The entire pancreas was exposed for histologic examination. The effect of UD on insulin secretion by RIN-5F cells in 6.25 or 12.5 mM glucose dose was examined. Glucose uptake by cultured L6 myotubes was determined. Results: The serum glucose concentration decreased, the insulin resistance and insulin sensitivity significantly increased in treated groups. These changes were more pronounced in the group that received UD extract and swimming training. Regeneration and less beta cell damage of Langerhans islets were observed in the treated groups. UD treatment increased insulin secretion in the RIN-5F cells and glucose uptake in the L6 myotubes cells. Conclusions: Swimming exercises accompanied by consuming UD aqueous extracts effectively improved diabetic parameters, repaired pancreatic tissues in streptozotocin-induced diabetics in vivo, and increased glucose uptake or insulin in UD-treated cells in vitro. Keywords: Diabetes, Urtica dioica, Insulin resistance, Cholesterol, TG, Pancreatic islet beta cells, Swimming exercis

Effects of 8 weeks of balance training, virtual reality training, and combined exercise on lower limb muscle strength, balance, and functional mobility among older men: a randomized controlled trial

Background: Poor muscle strength, balance, and functional mobility have predicted falls in older adults. Fall prevention guidelines recommend highly challenging balance training modes to decrease falls; however, it is unclear whether certain modes are more effective. The purpose of this study was to determine whether traditional balance training (BT), virtual reality balance training (VR), or combined exercise (MIX) relative to a waitlist control group (CON) would provoke greater improvements in strength, balance, and functional mobility as falls risk factor proxies for falls in older men. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that 8 weeks of MIX will provoke the greatest improvements in falls risk factors, followed by similar improvements after BT and VR, relative to the CON. Study design: Single-blinded randomized controlled trial NCT02778841 (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier). Level of evidence: Level 2. Methods: In total, 64 community-dwelling older men (age 71.8 ± 6.09 years) were randomly assigned into BT, VR, MIX, and CON groups and tested at baseline and at the 8-week follow-up. The training groups exercised for 40 minutes, 3 times per week, for 8 weeks. Isokinetic quadriceps and hamstrings strength on the dominant and nondominant legs were primary outcomes measured by the Biodex Isokinetic Dynamometer. Secondary outcomes included 1-legged stance on firm and foam surfaces, tandem stance, the timed-up-and-go, and gait speed. Separate one-way analyses of covariance between groups were conducted for each outcome using baseline scores as covariates. Results: (1) MIX elicited greater improvements in strength, balance, and functional mobility relative to BT, VR, and CON; (2) VR exhibited better balance and functional mobility relative to BT and CON; and (3) BT demonstrated better balance and functional mobility relative to CON. Conclusion: The moderate to large effect sizes in strength and large effect sizes for balance and functional mobility underline that MIX is an effective method to improve falls risk among older adults

Effects of self-management program as adjunctive to usual rehabilitation exercise on pain and functional outcomes in knee osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled trial

Background:Home-basedexercise(HBE)andpatient education (EDU) have been reported asbeneficial additions to usual knee osteoarthritis (KOA) rehabilitation. However, previous trials mostly examined the effects of HBE and EDU separately. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of a structured combined HBE and EDU program in addition to usual KOA rehabilitation on pain score, functional mobility, and disability level. Study Design: A parallel-group, single-blinded randomized controlled trial. Methods: Eighty adults with KOA were randomly allocated to experimental (n=40) and control (n=40) groups. All participants underwent their usual physiotherapy care weekly for eight weeks. The experimental group received a structured HBE+EDU program to their usual care, while the control group performed home stretching exercises to equate treatment time. The Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) for the disability level, visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain, and timed up-and-go test (TUG) for mobility were measured pre-post intervention. Results: After eight weeks, the experimental group demonstrated significant improvements in the KOOS (all subscales), pain VAS, and TUG scores compared to baseline (P < 0.001); meanwhile, only KOOS (activities of daily living and sports subscales) was significant in the control group. Relative to the control, the experimental group presented higher improvements (P<0.001) by 22.2%, 44.1%, and 15.7% for KOOS, pain VAS, and TUG, respectively. Conclusion: Integrating the HBE+EDU program into usual KOA rehabilitation could reduce pain and disability, while it improved functional mobility. The finding of this study suggests a combination of a structured HBE and EDU program to be considered as part of mainstream KOA management

The mechanism of formation, structure and physiological relevance of covalent hemoglobin attachment to the erythrocyte membrane

Covalent hemoglobin binding to membranes leads to band 3 (AE1) clustering and the removal of erythrocytes from the circulation; it is also implicated in blood storage lesions. Damaged hemoglobin, with the heme being in a redox and oxygen-binding inactive hemichrome form, has been implicated as the binding species. However, previous studies used strong non-physiological oxidants. In vivo hemoglobin is constantly being oxidised to methemoglobin (ferric), with around 1% of hemoglobin being in this form at any one time. In this study we tested the ability of the natural oxidised form of hemoglobin (methemoglobin) in the presence or absence of the physiological oxidant hydrogen peroxide to initiate membrane binding. The higher the oxidation state of hemoglobin (from Fe(III) to Fe(V)) the more binding was observed, with approximately 50% of this binding requiring reactive sulphydryl groups. The hemoglobin bound was in a high molecular weight complex containing spectrin, ankyrin and band 4.2, which are common to one of the cytoskeletal nodes. Unusually, we showed that hemoglobin bound in this way was redox active and capable of ligand binding. It can initiate lipid peroxidation showing the potential to cause cell damage. In vivo oxidative stress studies using extreme endurance exercise challenges showed an increase in hemoglobin membrane binding, especially in older cells with lower levels of antioxidant enzymes. These are then targeted for destruction. We propose a model where mild oxidative stress initiates the binding of redox active hemoglobin to the membrane. The maximum lifetime of the erythrocyte is thus governed by the redox activity of the cell; from the moment of its release into the circulation the timer is set

Antioxidant activity in crude petroleum benzene, chloroform, methanol and water extracts of six selected vegetables

In this study, crude petroleum benzene, chloroform, methanol and water extracts of six selected vegetables namely, garlic chives (Allium tuberosum), celery (Apium graveolens (L.)), sweet potato leaves (Ipomoea batatas (L.)), curry leaves (Murraya koenigii (L.)), winged beans (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus) and sweet leaves (Sauropus androgynus) were tested for antioxidant activities using three bioassays namely 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay, reducing power assay and metal chelating assay. Overall, among the 24 crude extracts tested, petroleum benzene and chloroform extract of Murraya koenigii (L.) showed higher free radical scavenging activities (IC50 = 0.02 mg/mL and 0.0225 mg/mL, respectively) when compared to ascorbic acid (IC50 = 0.00375 mg/mL) and strong reducing powers with absorbance value of 1.208 ± 0.006 and 1.833 ± 0.003 when compared to butylated hydroxyanisole with absorbance value of 2.625 ± 0.004 at the highest concentration tested, 1 mg/mL in both DPPH and reducing power assay, respectively. In metal chelating assay, methanol, petroleum benzene and chloroform extracts of Murraya koenigii (L.) showed moderate metal chelating activities of 88.60 ± 0.02%, 78.30 ± 0.23% and 73.61 ± 0.22%, respectively, at 1 mg/mL when compared to ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid which is 98.63 ± 0.13%. These findings suggested the important significance of Murraya koenigii (L.) consumption in prevention of diseases

Exercise-induced oxidative stress in erythrocytes

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