Theory of Boundedly Rational Planned Behavior: A New Model

The prime intent of this article is to propose a new model in the paradigm of behavioral and business economics. To attain this objective, the study modifies a famous behavioral model of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), which is based on the generalized unbounded rationality of neoclassical economics in dictating actual human behavior. Based on the idea of bounded rationality expounded by Herbert A. Simon, TPB has been modified by replacing intention variable with bounded rationality as the antecedent of actual behavior. The new model has been tested collating data collected from the participants of a Microfinance Institute currently operating in Bangladesh. Data were analyzed following the procedure of structural equation modeling (SEM). The findings of the experiment show that the new model of TBRPB’s predictability is observed to be much better than TPB which may be regarded as a basic contribution to the existing body of knowledge

Proposals towards formulating development policies for the rural 'Thana's in Bangladesh

Call number: LD2668 .T4 1984 A85Master of Regional and Community Plannin

Ocular Manifestations of Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Comprehensive Review

Apart from conjunctival involvement which is the most well-known ocular manifestation of coronavirus infectious disease 2019 (COVID-19), there are multiple reports of the involvement of other ocular structures by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We comprehensively reviewed PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Google Scholar for available evidence regarding COVID-19 various ocular manifestations, with special focus on less known and unusual ocular findings. We then categorized the findings based on the parts of the eye which was involved. In anterior sections of the eye, the involvement of the eyelid (tarsadenitis), conjunctiva and cornea (follicular conjunctivitis, pseudomembranous conjunctivitis, and keratoconjunctivitis), episclera (nodular episcleritis), uvea (anterior uveitis) were reported. Also, third, fourth, and sixth nerve palsy, retinal vasculitis, retinal optical coherence tomography (OCT) changes (hyper-reflective lesions and increased retinal nerve fiber layer thickness [RNFLT]), optic neuritis, papillophlebitis, Miller Fisher syndrome, posterior reversible leukoencephalopathy (PRES), ophthalmic artery and central retinal artery occlusion, and polyneuritis cranialis were reported in different studies. Postmortem evaluation of COVID-19 patients detected no viral RNA in different anterior and posterior segments of the eyes. However, another study revealed a 21.4% positivity of the retinal biopsies of dead patients. The results of this study can help ophthalmologists to be vigilant when they see these findings in a suspected case of COVID-19. In addition, wearing face masks and protective goggles or eye shields are recommended, especially in high-risk contacts

Topology preservation and control approach for interference aware non-overlapping channel assignment in wireless mesh networks

The Wireless Mesh Networks (WMN) has attracted significant interests due to their fast and inexpensive deployment and the ability to provide flexible and ubiquitous internet access. A key challenge to deploy the WMN is the interference problem between the links. The interference results in three problems of limited throughput, capacity and fairness of the WMN. The topology preservation strategy is used in this research to improve the throughput and address the problems of link failure and partitioning of the WMN. However, the existing channel assignment algorithms, based on the topology preservation strategy, result in high interference. Thus, there is a need to improve the network throughput by using the topology preservation strategy while the network connectivity is maintained. The problems of fairness and network capacity in the dense networks are due to limited available resources in WMN. Hence, efficient exploitation of the available resources increases the concurrent transmission between the links and improves the network performance. Firstly, the thesis proposes a Topology Preservation for Low Interference Channel Assignment (TLCA) algorithm to mitigate the impact of interference based on the topology preservation strategy. Secondly, it proposes the Max-flow based on Topology Control Channel Assignment (MTCA) algorithm to improve the network capacity by removing useless links from the original topology. Thirdly, the proposed Fairness Distribution of the Non-Overlapping Channels (FNOC) algorithm improves the fairness of the WMN through an equitable distribution of the non-overlapping channels between the wireless links. The F-NOC is based on the Differential Evolution optimization algorithm. The numerical and simulation results indicate that the proposed algorithms perform better compared to Connected Low Interference Channel Assignment algorithm (CLICA) in terms of network capacity (19%), fractional network interference (80%) and network throughput (28.6%). In conclusion, the proposed algorithms achieved higher throughput, better network capacity and lower interference compared to previous algorithms

Effect of cold temperature on morphological development and quality characteristics of some population of Festuca arundinaceae Schreb

Con el objeto de evaluar el efecto de la temperatura baja sobre las características fenológicas de la festuca alta (Festuca arundinaceae) se recolectaron semillas de cultivares Bejnord, Esfahan, Brojen, Kamiran, Mashhad en bancos de germoplasma. Estas fueron sembradas en recipientes con temperaturas fluctuantes de 20 ± 5°C durante el día y de 5 - 12°C durante la noche. Posteriormente el semillero de 15 días de edad se cultivo a una temperatura base de 4 °C durante 30 días. Los materos fueron retornados a condiciones normales de invernadero y de campo hasta su etapa de floración. En la etapa de floración, las características morfológicas incluyeron: altura de planta, longitud de pedúnculo, longitud de panícula, número de panículas y longitud de la hoja bandera, peso fresco y seco y los pesos de la semilla, características de calidad como la digestibilidad de materia seca (DMD), proteína cruda (CP), carbohidratos solubles en agua (WSC), fibra detergente ácida (ADF) y cenizas totales, se registraron. Los resultados mostraron que las poblaciones de los cvs. Mashhad y Esfahan presentaron valores superiores para altura de la planta, longitud del pedúnculo, longitud de la panícula, peso de la semilla, peso fresco y seco conrespecto a otras poblaciones. Exceptuando la población Esfahan, las otras cuatro poblaciones fueron evaluadas por su buen valor nutritivo debido al alto contenido de carbohidrato soluble en agua. Los resultados también mostraron que los días grados crecimiento (GDC) de aquellas poblaciones que estaban sujetas a temperatura fría, presentaron menor estado de floración que el tratamiento control. Se concluyó que la temperatura fría no presentó efecto alguno sobre los desarrollos vegetativos, particularmente sobre la etapa de floración, pero redujo las fechas de floración en la etapa generativa

Routine Margin Shaving Of Lumpectomy Cavity During Breast Conserving Surgery Detects Occult Multifocal Cancer, A Prospective Study

Background: Cavity shaving (CS) entails circumferential tissue removal from residual lumpectomy cavity following tumor resection during breast conserving surgery (BCS). It could allow detection of occult multifocal breast cancer (OMFBC).Objectives: This study aimed to highlight the impact of unidentified OMFBC as essential risk factor for local recurrence after BCS. Patients and Methods: Eligible breast cancer patients for BCS and CS were prospectively enrolled. Patients with negative margins of “resected tumor specimens” were designated as group A whereas group B comprised those with positive margins. OMFBC, diagnosed in the additionally shaved margins of the “residual lumpectomy cavity” as malignant breast tissues with intervening normal areas, was investigated in both groups. The study was conducted through the period from November, 2017 to March, 2021.Results: Forty-two patients with median age of 43 years were studied. Group A included 32 patients (76.2%)compared with 10 (23.8%) in group B. Overall, OMFBC was confirmed in the additionally shaved margins in 6 (14.3%) patients. OMFBC rate was less in group A (4/32 patients, 12.5%) compared to B (2/10 patient, 20%), however the difference did not reach statistical significance. In group B, another 1 patient showed persistent positive margins without evidence of OMFBC. All 7 patients with positive CS margins (6 with OMFBC and 1 with persistent positive margin without evidence of OMFBC) had their treatment strategy switched to modified radical mastectomy. Local recurrence occurred in only one among the remaing 35 patients (2.9%) who were treated by BCS with CS. Conclusions: CS improves outcome of BCS by reducing the rate of positive margins, enabling diagnosis of occult multifocal breast cancer and reducing local recurrence

Detection of Human Salivary Amylase Level Deposited on Fruits with First Bite Mark

Background: Human body fluids are vital for criminological examinations. The recovery, conservation, and investigation of body fluids or its stains are critical in measurable forensic cases. The amylase testing is being utilized as a possible test to locate the crime scene saliva stains for more than three decades. This investigation was intended to decide the human salivary amylase accumulated on fruit after the first bite where the level of salivary amylase was concluded by Radial Gel Diffusion method.Methods: Three sorts of organic fruits (apple, peach, and apricot) and 20 people (10 male and 10 female) were chosen for this investigation. The specimens were assembled from bite mark area following time intervals 0 hours, 12 hours, 24 hours, 36 hours and 48 hours.Results: Experimental outcomes demonstrated that the diameter of amylase activity in male specimens was more noteworthy than female. Apples, as well as apricot pit samples, indicated amylase activity till 48 hours; however, the specimens collected from peach demonstrated amylase activity until 12 hours, after first bite mark.Conclusion: This study demonstrated that salivary amylase testing might be valuable for DNA evidence, where DNA investigations for every case might be restricted because of cost issues.Keywords: Amylase; Saliva; Investigation; Bite mark; Preservatio

Closure of emergency midline laparotomy over subcutaneous closed suction drain to mitigate incisional surgical site infection, dehiscence and hernia: A prospective comparative study

Background: The role of subcutaneous closed suction drainage (SCSD) during closure of emergency midline laparotomy (EML) for reduction of incisional surgical site infection (ISSI) remains debatable. Objective: The aim of the work was to investigate whether SCSD could minimize ISSI in the setting of emergency abdominal surgery. Patients and Methods: Adult patients with non-traumatic acute abdomen who underwent EML from June 2017 to January 2021 by single surgical team at Sohag University Hospital were prospectively enrolled. Patients were randomized according to EML incision closure technique into group A without SCSD and group B with closure of EML over SCSD. Both groups were compared regarding ISSI, wound dehiscence and incisional hernia. Results: Fifty-four patients were eligible (27 per group) with median age of 62 (range: 19-81) years. Both groups were comparable regarding gender and age. Group B exhibited significantly lower rates of ISSI (3 patients, 11%) and wound dehiscence (zero) compared with group A, (12 patients, 44%) and (5 patients, 15%), respectively. Likewise, the duration of hospital stay was significantly shorter among patients in group B versus those in group A. Relaparotomy was required in 2 cases due to disruption of small bowel anastomosis in group A and leaking repair of duodenal ulcer in group B. After a median follow-up of 26 (range: 7 - 44) months, the protective effect of SCSD against ISSI correlated with significantly lower incidence of incisional hernia in group B (1 patient, 3.7%) in comparison with group A (5 patients, 18.5%). Conclusion: It could be concluded that mitigation of ISSI, wound dehiscence and incisional hernia with subcutaneous closed suction drainage favors its routine application during closure of non-traumatic EML

Enucleation versus standard pancreatic resection for benign lesions and borderline tumors: a comparative study

Background: Enucleation of pancreatic benign lesions and borderline tumors, compared with standard pancreatic resection, may avoid postoperative impairment of the metabolic pancreatic functions. However, its influence on postoperative morbidity and disease recurrence seems obscure. Therefore, the choice between both approaches remains controversial. Objective: To evaluate the outcome of enucleation compared with standard pancreatic resection (SPR) of pancreatic benign lesions and borderline tumors among patients presented to Sohag University Hospital. Patients and Methods: Adult patients who underwent enucleation (group A) versus standard resections (group B) of pancreatic benign lesions and borderline tumors at Sohag University Hospital (June 2017 - May 2021) were prospectively enrolled. Both surgical techniques were compared regarding their influence on postoperative metabolic functions of the pancreas, surgical complications, and disease recurrence. Results: Sixteen patients (eight per group) with comparable gender and age distribution were eligible. Group A had significantly shorter operative time, lower amounts of intra-operative blood loss and less transfusions compared to group B. Likewise, patients in group A exhibited significantly reduced severity of surgical complications, including postoperative pancreatic fistula, and required significantly shorter periods of hospital stay. The incidence of new onset diabetes mellitus and pancreatic exocrine insuffficiency were significantly lower among patients in group A compared with those in group B. During follow-up, no recurrence was found in both groups. Conclusion: It could be concluded that enucleation of pancreatic benign lesions and borderline tumors preserves pancreatic metabolic functions, reduces postoperative morbidity and confers satisfactory oncologic outcome