Policy learning in regions : the potential of co-generative research methodologies to help responsible innovation

Author´s submitted manuscript.This is a draft chapter. The final version is available in Regions and Innovation Policies in Europe: Learning from the Margins edited by M. González-López & B. T. Asheim, published in 2020, Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd https://doi.org/10.4337/9781789904161.00008.The material cannot be used for any other purpose without further permission of the publisher, and is for private use only.submittedVersio

Measuring the knowledge base of regional innovation systems in Sweden

Within the literature on innovation systems, there are a growing number of scholars emphasizing the importance of differentiated knowledge bases underlying innovation activities. The existing work on knowledge bases is largely grounded on in-depth case studies; while surprisingly little effort has been done so far to operationalize the concept in a more systematic manner. In this paper, an attempt is made to develop a scheme of analysis to identify the knowledge base of a regional economy. We suggest using occupation data in association with a location quotient analysis, to assess whether a regional economy has a particular strength in one (or more) knowledge bases. To bring the analytical scheme into practice and assess it, we apply it on the county level in Sweden. The results are explained and contrasted with insights on the regional economies taken from secondary sources. We conclude that the proposed scheme of analysis leads to fairly reliable results, and could stimulate further empirical research on differentiated knowledge bases.differentiated knowledge base; regional innovation system; Sweden

Strong anonymity and infinite streams.

The extended rank-discounted utilitarian social welfare order introduced and axiomatized by Stéphane Zuber and Geir B. Asheim satisfies strong anonymity (J. Econ. Theory (2011), doi:10.1016/j.jet.2011.08.001). We question the appropriateness of strong anonymity in the context of a countably infinite sequence of subsequent generations. A modified criterion that is incomplete and satisfies finite anonymity is presented.

The Hartwick Rule: Myths and Facts

We shed light on the Hartwick rule for capital accumulation and resource depletion by providing semantic clarifications and investigating the implications and relevance of this rule.We extend earlier results by establishing that the Hartwick rule does not indicate sustainability and does not require substitutability between man-made and natural capital.We use a new class of simple counterexamples (i) to obtain the novel finding that a negative value of net investments need not entail that utility is unsustainable, and (ii) to point out deficiencies in the literature.natural resources;sustainable development;capital accumulation

A General Approach to Welfare Measurement through National Income Accounting

We develop a framework for analyzing national income accounting using a revealed welfare approach that is sufficiently general to cover, e.g., both the standard discounted utilitarian and maximin criteria as special cases. We show that the basic welfare properties of comprehensive national income accounting, which were previously ascribed only to the discounted utilitarian case, in fact extend to this more general framework. In particular, it holds under a wide range of circumstances that real NNP growth (or equivalently, a positive value of net investments) indicates welfare improvement. We illustrate the applicability of our approach by considering resource allocation mechanisms in the Dasgupta-Heal-Solow model of capital accumulation and resource depletion.national income accounting, dynamic welfare

A One-sided Sustainability Test With Multiple Consumption Goods

In an economy with multiple consumption goods (including environmental amenities) that uniquely maximises the present value of utility with constant discounting, constant or falling augmented green net national product, or zero or negative augmented net investment, at any time implies that the economy is unsustainable then. "Augmented" means that time is treated as a productive stock, so augmented net investment includes the value of time. This allows future exogenous technical progress and changes in world prices to be included in a unified accounting framework, along with features such as resource depletion, pollution and foreign investment. The practical and philosophical rationale for testing sustainability in a present-value maximising, and therefore fully prescribed, development path are discussed.

The Role of Regional Innovation Systems in a Globalizing Economy: Comparing Knowledge Bases and Institutional Frameworks in Nordic Clusters

In order to advance the understanding of which types of regional innovation system represent effective innovation support for what kinds of industry in different regions analyses must be contextualized by reference to the actual knowledge base of various industries as well as to the regional and national institutional framework, which strongly shape the innovation processes of firms. Of special importance is the linkage between the larger institutional frameworks of the national innovation and business systems, and the character of regional innovation systems. In making the arguments about a general correspondence between the macro-institutional characteristics of the economy and the dominant form and character of its regional innovation systems a link is provided to the literature on ‘varieties of capitalism’ and national business systems.regional innovation systems; Industrial Knowledge; Nordic clusters

Sustainability and Discounted Utilitarianism in Models of Economic Growth

Discounted utilitarianism treats generations unequally and leads to seemingly unappealing consequences in some models of economic growth. Instead, this paper presents and applies sustainable discounted utilitarianism (SDU). SDU respects the interests of future generations and resolves intergenerational conflicts by imposing on discounted utilitarianism that the evaluation be insensitive to the interests of the present generation if the present is better off than the future. An SDU social welfare function always exists. We provide a convenient sufficient condition to identify SDU optima and apply SDU to two well-known models of economic growth. We also investigate the axiomatic basis for SDU.intergenerational equity, sustainability, discounted utilitarianism, egalitarian consumption streams, efficiency, exhaustible resources

From new to the firm to new to the world. Effect of geographical proximity and technological capabilities on the degree of novelty in emerging economies

This paper investigates empirically what it takes for a firm to move from new to the firm to new to the domestic market and new to the world innovations. More specifically, the paper analyses the relationship between, on the one hand, the degree of novelty of product innovation and on the other hand the accumulation of technological capabilities at firm level as well as the geographical spread of the innovation activities of the firm. The analysis is based on a unique firm level data collected in Pune(India) and Beijing (China) in 2008. The paper shows that the role of the region supporting the move from new to the firm to new to the world is limited. In order to achieve a higher degree of innovation global networks are more important than local networks.degree of novelty; technological capabilities; technological sourcing; research collaboration; region

One-sided Unsustainability Tests and NNP Measurement with Multiple Consumption Goods

In an economy with multiple consumption goods (including environmental amenities) that uniquely maximises the present value of utility with constant or falling augmented green net national product, or zero or negative augmented investment, at any time implies that the economy is unsustainable then. "Augmented" means that time is included as a productive stock, which incorporates future exogenous technical progress and changes in world prices in a unified accounting framework. Examples are given of calculating accounting prices for multiple goods. The practical and philosophical rationale for testing sustainability in a present-value maximising, and therefore fully prescribed, development path is discussed.sustainability, net investment,net national product, optimality,green accounting