On Secular Resonances of Small Bodies in the Planetary Systems

We investigate the secular resonances for massless small bodies and Earth-like planets in several planetary systems. We further compare the results with those of Solar System. For example, in the GJ 876 planetary system, we show that the secular resonances $\nu_1$ and $\nu_2$ (respectively, resulting from the inner and outer giant planets) can excite the eccentricities of the Earth-like planets with orbits 0.21 AU $\leq a <$ 0.50 AU and eject them out of the system in a short timescale. However, in a dynamical sense, the potential zones for the existence of Earth-like planets are in the area 0.50 AU $\leq a \leq$ 1.00 AU, and there exist all stable orbits last up to $10^5$ yr with low eccentricities. For other systems, e.g., 47 UMa, we also show that the Habitable Zones for Earth-like planets are related to both secular resonances and mean motion resonances in the systems.Comment: 8 pages, 3 figures, accepted to IAU236. Proceeding of IAU 236: Near Earth Objects, Our Celestial Neighbors: Opportunity and Risk, in pres

Effect of a nanocomposite containing ostrich eggshell on calvarium healing in the rabbit: a pathologic study

ΔΕΝ ΔΙΑΤΙΘΕΤΑΙ ΠΕΡΙΛΗΨΗThe aim of the current study was to determine effect of a nanocomposite containing ostrich eggshell (NCOE) on the calvarium healing in the rabbit. Fresh ostrich eggshell was ground (300-500 μm), treated in phosphate-containing solutions and sterilized by gamma irradiation. Fifteen New Zealand white adult male rabbits were used. Four full-thickness skull defects were created in the calvarium. The first defect kept unfilled (control). The second defect was filled with autograft bone. The third defect was filled using NCOE. The fourth defect was filled with mixture of the autograft+NCOE bone. At 30, 60 and 90 days after surgery animals were euthanized and tissue specimens were collected and stained with hematoxylin eosin and trichrome staining method. Microsections were examined toassess the extent and intensity of inflammation, calvarium formation status and foreign body reaction. According to the results, filling defect significantly increased in NCOE-treated rabbits compared to the control group at 30 and 60 days post-surgery (P&lt;0.05). There a statistically significant difference between experimental groups compared to the control group at 30 and 60 days post-surgery (P&lt;0.05) while no statistically significant differences were observed among autograft, NCOE, autograft+NCOE (P&gt;0.05). Also, absorb material significantly decreased in NCOE and autograft+NCOE groups compared to the control group at 60 days post-surgery (P&lt;0.05). The filling defect significantly increased in autograft, NCOE and NCOE+autograft groups compared to the control group at 90 days post-surgery (P&lt;0.05). There was no significant difference on inflammation and absorb material among the groups at 90 days post-surgery (P&gt;0.05). These results suggested NCOE+autograft has improved the rate of calvarium healing in rabbits

Comparative Evaluation of the Biochemical Effects of Ketamine plus Ketoprofen and Midazolam in the Premedication of Pigeons

The present study was conducted with the aim of comparing the effects of premedication with ketoprofen and midazolam in birds. A total of 24 male pigeons with an approximate weight of 300 g were divided into four equal groups. The control group (Group I) was injected with ketamine alone. Groups II-IV were injected with ketoprofen alone, ketoprofen+ketamine, and midazolam+ketamine, respectively. The biochemical changes in the four groups were evaluated after intramuscular drug injections at different anesthetic levels. A record of biochemical changes was maintained for each group. Blood samples were taken before and after the administration of the medications in order to measure the levels of serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), oxaloacetate transaminase (OT), prothrombin time (PT), glucose (GLU), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), albumin (Alb), total protein (TP), and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGTF). The results showed significant differences in the mean levels of ALP, OT, PT, GLU, LDH, Alb, and TP after anesthesia, compared to that before anesthesia. Therefore, ketoprofen+ketamine can be used for the induction of anesthesia in birds.The present study was conducted with the aim of comparing the effects of premedication with ketoprofen and midazolam in birds. A total of 24 male pigeons with an approximate weight of 300 g were divided into four equal groups. The control group (Group I) was injected with ketamine alone. Groups II-IV were injected with ketoprofen alone, ketoprofen+ketamine, and midazolam+ketamine, respectively. The biochemical changes in the four groups were evaluated after intramuscular drug injections at different anesthetic levels. A record of biochemical changes was maintained for each group. Blood samples were taken before and after the administration of the medications in order to measure the levels of serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), oxaloacetate transaminase (OT), prothrombin time (PT), glucose (GLU), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), albumin (Alb), total protein (TP), and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGTF). The results showed significant differences in the mean levels of ALP, OT, PT, GLU, LDH, Alb, and TP after anesthesia, compared to that before anesthesia. Therefore, ketoprofen+ketamine can be used for the induction of anesthesia in birds

Material efficiency strategies to reducing greenhouse gas emissions associated with buildings, vehicles, and electronics - A review

As one quarter of global energy use serves the production of materials, the more efficient use of these materials presents a significant opportunity for the mitigation of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. With the renewed interest of policy makers in the circular economy, material efficiency (ME) strategies such as light-weighting and downsizing of and lifetime extension for products, reuse and recycling of materials, and appropriate material choice are being promoted. Yet, the emissions savings from ME remain poorly understood, owing in part to the multitude of material uses and diversity of circumstances and in part to a lack of analytical effort. We have reviewed emissions reductions from ME strategies applied to buildings, cars, and electronics. We find that there can be a systematic trade-off between material use in the production of buildings, vehicles, and appliances and energy use in their operation, requiring a careful life cycle assessment of ME strategies. We find that the largest potential emission reductions quantified in the literature result from more intensive use of and lifetime extension for buildings and the light-weighting and reduced size of vehicles. Replacing metals and concrete with timber in construction can result in significant GHG benefits, but trade-offs and limitations to the potential supply of timber need to be recognized. Repair and remanufacturing of products can also result in emission reductions, which have been quantified only on a case-by-case basis and are difficult to generalize. The recovery of steel, aluminum, and copper from building demolition waste and the end-of-life vehicles and appliances already results in the recycling of base metals, which achieves significant emission reductions. Higher collection rates, sorting efficiencies, and the alloy-specific sorting of metals to preserve the function of alloying elements while avoiding the contamination of base metals are important steps to further reduce emissions

The Radiative Corrections to the Mass of the Kink Using an Alternative Renormalization Program

In this paper we compute the radiative correction to the mass of the kink in $\phi^4$ theory in 1+1 dimensions, using an alternative renormalization program. In this newly proposed renormalization program the breaking of the translational invariance and the topological nature of the problem, due to the presence of the kink, is automatically taken into account. This will naturally lead to uniquely defined position dependent counterterms. We use the mode number cutoff in conjunction with the above program to compute the mass of the kink up to and including the next to the leading order quantum correction. We discuss the differences between the results of this procedure and the previously reported ones.Comment: 8 pages, 2 figures. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:0806.036

Animal based low carbohydrate diet is associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes in Tehranian adults

Background: To investigate the association of low carbohydrate diet (LCD) score with the risk of type 2 diabetes among adults. Methods: This cohort study was conducted on 4356 healthy participants aged � 19 years old, who were followed-up for a mean duration of 3 years within the framework of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. LCD score was calculated using a food frequency questionnaire according to intake of carbohydrate, protein, and fat at baseline. Diabetes was defined according to the criteria of the American Diabetes Association. Multivariable logistic regression models, adjusted for potential confounders, were used to estimate risk of diabetes across quartiles of LCD score. Results: Mean ± SD age of the study participants (44.4 men) was 40.5 ± 13.0 years. The median (25-75 interquartile range) of LCD score was 17.0 (12.0-21.0) and after a 3 year follow-up period, 123 (2.8) incident cases of diabetes were ascertained. After adjustment for confounding variables, including age, sex, smoking status, physical activity, total calorie intake, saturated fatty acid, waist circumference, educational level, and family history of diabetes, the multivariable-adjusted ORs (95 CIs) of type 2 diabetes, comparing the highest with the lowest quartiles, were 2.16 (1.16-4.04) for total LCD score (P-value = 0.015), 1.81 (1.06-3.11) for animal-based LCD score (P-value = 0.029), and 1.47 (0.85-2.52) for plant-based LCD score (P-value = 0.160). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that a higher adherence to LCD, mostly with higher intakes of protein and fat from animal-source foods, can increase the incidence of diabetes; however, a plant-based low-carbohydrate dietary pattern is not significantly associated with risk of type 2 diabetes. © 2020 The Author(s)

Stability of Terrestrial Planets in the Habitable Zone of Gl 777 A, HD 72659, Gl 614, 47 Uma and HD 4208

We have undertaken a thorough dynamical investigation of five extrasolar planetary systems using extensive numerical experiments. The systems Gl 777 A, HD 72659, Gl 614, 47 Uma and HD 4208 were examined concerning the question of whether they could host terrestrial like planets in their habitable zones (=HZ). First we investigated the mean motion resonances between fictitious terrestrial planets and the existing gas giants in these five extrasolar systems. Then a fine grid of initial conditions for a potential terrestrial planet within the HZ was chosen for each system, from which the stability of orbits was then assessed by direct integrations over a time interval of 1 million years. The computations were carried out using a Lie-series integration method with an adaptive step size control. This integration method achieves machine precision accuracy in a highly efficient and robust way, requiring no special adjustments when the orbits have large eccentricities. The stability of orbits was examined with a determination of the Renyi entropy, estimated from recurrence plots, and with a more straight forward method based on the maximum eccentricity achieved by the planet over the 1 million year integration. Additionally, the eccentricity is an indication of the habitability of a terrestrial planet in the HZ; any value of e>0.2 produces a significant temperature difference on a planet's surface between apoapse and periapse. The results for possible stable orbits for terrestrial planets in habitable zones for the five systems are summarized as follows: for Gl 777 A nearly the entire HZ is stable, for 47 Uma, HD 72659 and HD 4208 terrestrial planets can survive for a sufficiently long time, while for Gl 614 our results exclude terrestrial planets moving in stable orbits within the HZ.Comment: 14 pages, 18 figures submitted to A&

Planetary Dynamics and Habitable Planet Formation In Binary Star Systems

Whether binaries can harbor potentially habitable planets depends on several factors including the physical properties and the orbital characteristics of the binary system. While the former determines the location of the habitable zone (HZ), the latter affects the dynamics of the material from which terrestrial planets are formed (i.e., planetesimals and planetary embryos), and drives the final architecture of the planets assembly. In order for a habitable planet to form in a binary star system, these two factors have to work in harmony. That is, the orbital dynamics of the two stars and their interactions with the planet-forming material have to allow terrestrial planet formation in the habitable zone, and ensure that the orbit of a potentially habitable planet will be stable for long times. We have organized this chapter with the same order in mind. We begin by presenting a general discussion on the motion of planets in binary stars and their stability. We then discuss the stability of terrestrial planets, and the formation of potentially habitable planets in a binary-planetary system.Comment: 56 pages, 29 figures, chapter to appear in the book: Planets in Binary Star Systems (Ed. N. Haghighipour, Springer publishing company

Morphology and multigene phylogeny reveal three new species of Distoseptispora (Distoseptisporales, Distoseptisporaceae) on palms (Arecaceae) from peatswamp areas in southern Thailand

Peatswamp forest is a unique habitat that supports high biodiversity, particularly fungal diversity. The current study collected submerged and dead plant parts from Eleiodoxa conferta, Eugeissona tristis and Licuala paludosa from a peatswamp forest in Narathiwat Province, Thailand. Morphological features coupled with multigene phylogenetic analyses of ITS, LSU, rpb2 and tef1-α sequence data identified our isolates as new Distoseptispora species (viz. D. arecacearum sp. nov., D. eleiodoxae sp. nov. and D. narathiwatensis sp. nov.). Morphological descriptions, illustrations and notes are provided