Progress report towards preventing cow rabies in Mallard, Iran: policies and monitoring measures

Rabies is one of the most common viral and fetal diseases between humans and animals known as a zoonotic disease. Approximately 99% human rabies deaths occur in developing countries. Health care and follow up programs conducted for all the rabies cases are one of the important priorities for health care system in Iran to prevent the rabies incidence. The purpose of this study is to describe the cow rabies status and the health care programs conducted to the successful elimination of this deadly disease in one of the largest cowsheds in Mallard city in Iran during 2014. After founding the rabies incidence in one of the largest cowsheds in Mallard city in Iran, the crisis committee was held immediately and control measures including isolation, complete quarantine, vaccination of residents, and other sanitation measures were achieved in cooperation with the responsible organizations. During this incidence, 23 calves, cows and heifers were died. By conducting an integrated program and method, the numerous stakeholders contributed to the successful elimination of this fatal disease. In order to control the rabies, it is essential to educate the public on the prevention of the disease, especially in areas where the disease is more prevalence. Therefore, cooperation between the institutions involved in the disease control and planning for emergency disease eradication are essential to prevent the rabies infection among pets, especially livestoc

Job burnout and some of its risk factors on the health workers (Behvarz) in Koohrang County, I.R.Iran, in 2010

زمینه و هدف : فرسودگی شغلی، شامل خستگی عاطفی ، مسخ شخصیت و کاهش موفقیت فردی است و زمانی که توانایی های فرد برای تقاضاهای محیط کار کافی نباشد علائم آن آشکار می شود. کارکنان نظام سلامت به دلیل مواجهه با استرس های فیزیکی و روانی در معرض فرسودگی می باشند. این مطالعه با هدف تعیین میزان فرسودگی شغلی بهورزان و بررسی ارتباط خصوصیات جمعیت شناختی با آن انجام گرفت . روش بررسی: این پژوهش توصیفی-تحلیلی، بر روی همه بهورزان شهرستان کوهرنگ ( 81 نفر) در آبانماه سال 1389 انجام شد . ابزار گردآوری داده ها پرسشنامه­ای شامل اطلاعات جمعیت شناختی و پرسشنامه فرسودگی شغلی مازلاک ( MBI ) بود. پرسشنامه توسط بهورزان تکمیل و داده­ها با استفاده از آزمون های آماری ANOVA ، ضریب همبستگی اسپیرمن و آزمون تی مستقل تحلیل گردید. یافته ها: از نظر فراوانی، کاهش موفقیت فردی زیاد ( 5/24 ) ، خستگی عاطفی زیاد ( 6/4 ) و مسخ شخصیت زیاد ( 7/2 ) ، به ترتیب از بیشترین فراوانی و از نظر شدت، خستگی عاطفی شدید ( 7/6 ) و مسخ شخصیت شدید ( 3/1 ) ، به ترتیب از بیشترین شدت برخوردار بودند. هیچ یک از بهورزان کاهش شدید موفقیت فردی را گزارش ننمود. میزان خستگی عاطفی با مسخ شخصیت و میزان کاهش موفقیت فردی با خستگی عاطفی رابطه معنی داری داشت (001/0 > P ) . بین جنس، سن، وضعیت تأهل، سابقه کار، نوع استخدام و میزان تحصیلات بهورزان و فرسودگی رابطه معنی داری دیده نشد. نتیجه گیری: این مطالعه نشان داد که فراوانی و شدت فرسودگی شغلی در بهورزان شهرستان کوهرنگ پایین است که از دلایل آن می توان به موقعیت اجتماعی مناسب، نزدیکی محل کار و زندگی، درآمد متناسب با حجم کار و تحصیلات، امنیت شغلی، سطح توقع پایین و شرایط آب و هوایی و فرهنگی منطقه اشاره کر

DFNB59 Gene Mutation Screening Using PCR-SSCP/HA Technique in Non-syndromic Genetic Hearing Loss in Bushehr Province

Background: Hearing impairment (HI) is the most prevalent Neurosensory disorder which is heterogenous and can also occur due to environmental causes. The majority of hearing deficiencies are of genetic origin affecting about 60% of the HI cases. A novel gene DFNB59 encodes pejvakin has been recently shown to cause deafness. This study aims to determine the frequency of DFNB59 gene mutations in coding region the gene in Bushehr province. Methods: In this descriptive experimental study, we investigated the presence of DFNB59

734-738 Tatera indica in Estahban, Southern Iran: Microscopy, culture, isoenzyme and PCR

ABSTRACT Objectives: This study identifies the infected rodent hosts to Leishmania major in Estahban town, southern Iran during [2004][2005]. Methodology: The rodents were caught alive from April 2004 to April 2005 in Estahban town, south of Iran and examined for any skin lesion. An impression was provided from the tissues of feet, tail, ears and any patent lesion, stained with Giemsa and studied microscopically for the presence of amastigotes. All samplings were cultured at 25ºC in rabbit blood agar and considered negative if no promastigotes were visible during a two months period. The parasites from any positive culture were cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen pending their identification in PCR and isoenzyme electrophoresis. The femoral bones were histologically and ultrastrucrurally studied. Results: Among 13 captured rodents, 8 were Tatera indica (5 male and 3 female Indian gerbils) and 5 were Rattus rattus (3 males and 2 females). Just one female T. indica was smear-positive for amastigotes in Mohmmad Abad village. This rodent was also found culture positive for leishmanial infection which was confirmed by PCR and enzyme electrophoresis. At histological and ultrastructural levels, many clusters of amastigotes were noticed in the foamy macrophages of the femoral bone bone marrow. Conclusion: T. indica was found for the first time in the area and can be one of the rodents to be a potential reservoir host of L. major. It was also shown that femoral bone marrow was the tissue of choice to confirm the presence of macrophages containing the amastigote form of the parasite

Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Metronidazole Derivatives as Anti-Giardia Agents

Nitroimidazole derivatives such as Metronidazole (MTZ) have been used as anti- protozoa and anti-anaerobic bacteria. In this study several derivatives of MTZ were synthesized and evaluated against Giardia lamblia cyst. MTZ were reacted with several alkyl halide to obtain o-alkyl MTZ derivatives, then products were purified and their chemical structures were confirmed by spectral analysis (1HNMR and Mass). In order to assess biological evaluation, all compounds were investigated against 25 Giardia samples isolated from Giardia-infected patients. Results showed that compound 2 had the most activity on cyst of Giardia in comparison with MTZ

Zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in Shiraz, Southern Iran: A molecular, isoenzyme and morphologic approach

<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 200%; text-align: justify" class="MsoNormal"><font face="Times New Roman"><strong><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 200%">BACKGROUND:</span><font size="3"> </font></strong><font size="3">Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) with diverse clinical manifestations is prevalent and remains a major public health problem in Iran and its incidence has been doubled over the last decade. The present study is about the potential role of rodents in the epidemiology of CL in Kharameh district in Shiraz, Southern Iran. </font></font></p><font face="Times New Roman"><strong><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 200%">METHODS:</span><font size="3"> </font></strong><font size="3">From April 2004 to April 2005, a total of sixteen rodents were collected in live traps from the endemic area of CL in Kharameh district in Shiraz. Evans medium was used for culture. Specific polymerase chain reaction and isoenzyme electrophoresis methods were performed to characterize the parasite. </font></font><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 200%; text-align: justify" class="MsoNormal"><font face="Times New Roman"><strong><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 200%">RESULTS:</span></strong><font size="3"> The rodent species were <em>Tatera indica</em>. Three samples from <em>Tatera indica</em> were found positive (2 males and 1 female in Kafdehak and Sejel-Abad villages) for <em>L. major</em>. Macrophages in the bone marrow of femoral bone were infected with the amastigote form of the parasite.</font></font></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 200%; text-align: justify" class="MsoNormal"><font face="Times New Roman"><strong><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 200%">CONCLUSIONS:</span></strong><font size="3"> It seems that <em>T. indica</em> is the reservoir host for CL in Kharameh (a district in Shiraz, Southern Iran). It was shown that the bone marrow of the rodents is the tissue of choice for light and ultrastructural studies of <em>L.</em> <em>major</em>. </font></font></p&gt