Evolución del peso vivo durante la lactancia de corderos de raza ojalada soriana en función de determinados factores. II. Número de lactación y producción de leche.

Como complemento del trabajo presentado por Asenjo et al., 2007, se analizó la influencia del número de lactación de la madre y del nivel de pro-ducción lechera de la madre sobre la evolución del peso del cordero a lo largo del período de lactación (7 semanas). Se observó que el número de lactación, no influyó en la evolución del peso de los corderos y el nivel de producción de leche de la madre únicamente presentó significación estadís-tica (p<0,01) en la primera semana de lactación

Genome-scale reconstruction of Salinispora tropica metabolism; Microbial engineering and its applications in secondary metabolite production

Bacteria within the order Actinomycetales are a well-known source of natural products such as antibiotics and anticancer agents, and the genus Salinispora is no exception. Salinispora tropica is a marine actinomycete that produces diverse secondary metabolites, including many that possess pharmaceutical properties such as Salinosporamide A (NPI-0052), a potent anticancer agent, and sporolides, candidates for antiviral compounds. Here, we present the first manually curated genome-scale metabolic model (iCC908) for Salinispora tropica strain CNB-440. The reconstruction enables characterization of the metabolic capabilities for understanding and modeling the cellular physiology of this newly sequenced genome. The model was based on physiological and biochemical information of primary and secondary metabolism pathways. The reconstructed stoichiometric matrix consists of 1169 biochemical reactions, 204 transport reactions and 1317 metabolites. A total of 908 structural open reading frames (ORFs) were included in the reconstructed network. The number of gene functions included corresponds to 20% of all characterized ORFs in the S. tropica genome. The genome-scale metabolic model was used to study strain-specific capabilities in defined minimal media and to analyze growth capabilities in 41 different minimal growth-supporting environments. These nutrient sources were evaluated experimentally to assess the accuracy of in-silico growth simulations. The model predicted no auxotrophies for essential amino acids, which was corroborated experimentally. The strain is able to use 21 different carbon sources, 8 nitrogen sources and 4 sulfur sources from the nutrient sources tested. Cases where the model was incorrect provided opportunities to gain new insights into the physiology of this specie and generate hypotheses. The incorporation of modifications led to increased accuracy in predicting the outcome of growth/no growth experiments from 76 to 93%. New data, and modifications can be incorporated into the reconstruction to iteratively improve the reconstruction. Since specialized pathways were included in the reconstruction, growth simulations and in silico gene deletions can be performed by using flux balance analysis (FBA) to dramatically increase secondary metabolites production and yield in Salinispora for possible “gene cluster identification” so specific pathways can be cloned in more efficient strains. For example, iCC908 has been used to define a production medium to improve Salinosporamide A production in a recombinant strain with increases over 20% compared to the wild type. This presentation will describe the main features of the metabolic flux analysis and microbial engineering methodology based on reconstruction of the whole metabolism and its applications in the optimization of secondary metabolite production

Evolución del peso vivo durante la lactancia de corderos de raza ojalada soriana en función de determinados factores. I: Sexo, tipo de parto y peso al nacimiento del cordero.

En el presente trabajo, vamos a analizar la influencia del sexo, del tipo de parto y del peso del cordero al nacimiento, sobre la evolución del peso del cordero a lo largo del período de lactación, que en este estudio hemos considerado de 7 semanas. Para los tres factores estudiados, se encontra- ron diferencias significativas (p<0,01) en la evolución del crecimiento

Odontoameloblastoma: descripción de un caso y revisión de la literatura

El odontoameloblastoma (OA) es un tumor odontogénico mixto extremadamente raro que aparece en los huesos maxilares y que presenta tanto componentes epiteliales como mesenquimales. El término odontoameloblastoma fue incluido en la clasificación de 1971 de la OMS. Tan solo 23 casos bien documentados han sido publicados. Debido a su rareza, existe controversia en cuanto al tratamiento de este tumor. Presentamos un nuevo caso de OA que afecta a la mandíbula y simula un odontoma compuesto, así como una breve revisión de la literatura.Odontoameloblastoma (OA) is an extremely rare mixed odontogenic tumor appearing within the maxillary bone, with both epithelial and mesenchymal components. The term odontoameloblastoma (OA) was included in the 1971's WHO classification. Only 23 well-documented cases have been reported in the medical literature. Because of their rarity, controversy exists in the treatment of this tumor. We present a new case of OA involving the mandible mimicking a compound odontoma and a brief review of the related literature

Pinning of tumoral growth by enhancement of the immune response

Tumor growth is a surface phenomenon of the molecular beam epitaxy universality class in which diffusion at the surface is the determining factor. This Letter reports experiments performed in mice showing that these dynamics can, however, be changed. By stimulating the immune response, we induced strong neutrophilia around the tumor. The neutrophils hindered cell surface diffusion so much that they induced new dynamics compatible with the slower quenched-disorder Edwards-Wilkinson universality class. Important clinical effects were also seen, including remarkably high tumor necrosis (around 80%-90% of the tumor), a general increase in survival time [the death ratio in the control group is 15.76 times higher than in the treated group (equivalent to a Cox's model hazard ratio of 0.85; 95% confidence interval 0.76-0.95, p=0.004)], and even the total elimination of some tumors

Direct observation of transverse and vortex metastable magnetic domains in cylindrical nanowires

We present experimental evidence of transverse magnetic domains, previously observed only in nanostrips, in CoNi cylindrical nanowires with designed crystal symmetry and tailored magnetic anisotropy. The transverse domains are found together with more conventional vortex domains along the same cylindrical nanowire, denoting a bistable system with similar energies. The surface and the inner magnetization distribution in both types of domains are analyzed by photoemission electron microscopy with x-ray magnetic circular dichroism contrast, and hysteresis loop in individual nanowires are measured by magneto-optical Kerr effect. These experimental data are understood and compared with complementary micromagnetic simulations

Domain wall propagation and pinning induced by current pulses in cylindrical modulated nanowires

The future developments in 3D magnetic nanotechnology require the control of domain wall dynamics by means of current pulses. While this has been extensively studied in 2D magnetic strips (planar nanowires), few reports on this exist in cylindrical geometry, where Bloch point domain walls are expected to have intriguing properties. Here, we report an investigation on cylindrical magnetic Ni nanowires with geometrical notches. An experimental work based on synchrotron X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) combined with photoemission electron microscopy (PEEM) indicates that large current densities induce domain wall nucleation, while smaller currents move domain walls preferably antiparallel to the current direction. In the region where no pinning centers are present, we found a domain wall velocity of about 1 km s. Thermal modelling indicates that large current densities temporarily raise the temperature in the nanowire above the Curie temperature, leading to nucleation of domain walls during the system cooling. Micromagnetic modelling with a spin-torque effect shows that for intermediate current densities, Bloch point domain walls with chirality parallel to the Oersted field propagate antiparallel to the current direction. In other cases, domain walls can be bounced from the notches and/or get pinned outside their positions. We thus found that current is not only responsible for domain wall propagation, but also is a source of pinning due to the Oersted field action.Grants PID2019-108075RB-C31 funded by the Ministry of Science and Innovation MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and S2018/NMT-4321 NANOMAGCOST-CM funded by the Government of Madrid Region, Spain. We acknowledge the service from the MiNa Laboratory at IMN and the funding from CM (project SpaceTec, S2013/ICE2822), MINECO (project CSIC13-4E-1794), and EU (FEDER, FSE).Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available. See DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/d3nr00455

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries