Unraveling dissipation-related features in magnetic imaging by bimodal magnetic force microscopy

Magnetic Force Microscopy (MFM) is the principal characterization technique for the study of low-dimensional magnetic materials. Nonetheless, during years, the samples under study was limited to samples in the field of data storage, such as longitudinal hard disk, thin films, or patterned nanostructures. Nowadays, thanks to the advances and developments in the MFM modes and instrumentation, other fields are emerging like skyrmionic structures, 2D materials or biological samples. However, in these experiments artifacts in the magnetic images can have strong impact and need to be carefully verified for a correct interpretation of the results. For that reason, in this paper we will explore new ideas combining the multifrequency modes with the information obtained from the experimental dissipation of energy associated to tip-sample interaction

An upper bound for the magnetic force gradient in graphite

Cervenka et al. have recently reported ferromagnetism along graphite steps. We present Magnetic Force microscopy (MFM) data showing that the signal along the steps is independent of an external magnetic field. Moreover, by combining Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy (KPFM) and MFM, we are able to separate the electrostatic and magnetic interactions along the steps obtaining an upper bound for the magnetic force gradient of about16 microN/m, a figure six times lower than the lowest theoretical bound reported by Cervenka et al. Our experiments suggest absence of MFM signal in graphite at room temperature.Comment: 14 pages, including supplemetary informatio

Magneto-mechanically induced antimicrobial properties of cone-like shaped surfaces

Hygienic surfaces that prevent the proliferation of harmful microorganisms are required in a large variety of environments, including medical areas. Novel strategies are being developed to impede microorganisms colonization of surfaces. In this work, Terfenol-D cone-like shaped nanopatterned surfaces are fabricated by sputtering. The bactericidal effect of such surfaces owed to their morphology is increased in combination with an alternating magnetic field, which boosts the mechanical injury caused to the planktonic cells. Bactericidal assays with Gram-negative Escherichia coli are carried out under static (i.e. without any external stimuli) and dynamic (under the application of an alternating magnetic field) conditions for control silicon substrates, Terfenol-D films and nanostructured surfaces. The nanostructured surfaces at the dynamic condition exhibit the larger bactericidal effect. Bacterial adhesion on the materials was analyzed, and results show a reduction of the attachment surface of bacterial cells on Terfenol-D surfaces in comparison with the control silicon that are attributed both to material properties and nanostructuration. Thus, this work exhibits a method to induce and/or improve the mechanical antimicrobial behavior of surfaces via application of a magnetic field, as an alternative or in combination with chemical methods, which are losing effectiveness due to the increase of antibiotic resistance.FCT -Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia(P2018/NMT-4321)info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Antibiotic Adverse Reactions and Drug Interactions

Magnetic force microscopy (MFM) offers a unique insight into the nanoscopic scale domain structures of magnetic materials. However, MFM is generally regarded as a qualitative technique and, therefore, requires meticulous calibration of the magnetic scanning probe stray field (Bprobe) for quantitative measurements. We present a straightforward calibration of Bprobe using scanning gate microscopy on epitaxial graphene Hall sensor in conjunction with Kelvin probe force microscopy feedback loop to eliminate sample-probe parasitic electric field interactions. Using this technique, we determined Bprobe ~ 70 mT and ~ 76 mT for probes with nominal magnetic moment ~ 1 × 10-13 and &gt; 3 × 10-13 emu, respectively, at a probe-sample distance of 20 nm.Funding Agencies|Concept Graphene project||IRD Graphene project||MetMags project|||CSD2010-00024|</p

3D quasi-skyrmions in thick cylindrical and dome-shape soft nanodots

Magnetic skyrmions are widely attracting researchers due to fascinating physics and novel applications related to their non-trivial topology. Néel skyrmions have been extensively investigated in magnetic systems with Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction (DMI) and/or perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. Here, by means of micromagnetic simulations and analytical calculations, we show that 3D quasi-skyrmions of Néel type, with topological charge close to 1, can exist as metastable states in soft magnetic nanostructures with no DMI, such as in Permalloy thick cylindrical and dome-shaped nanodots. The key factor responsible for the stabilization of DMI-free is the interplay of the exchange and magnetostatic energies in the nanodots. The range of geometrical parameters where the skyrmions are found is wider in magnetic dome-shape nanodots than in their cylindrical counterparts. Our results open the door for a new research line related to the nucleation and stabilization of magnetic skyrmions in a broad class of nanostructured soft magnetic materials

3D quasi-skyrmions in thick cylindrical and dome-shape soft nanodots.

[EN] Magnetic skyrmions are widely attracting researchers due to fascinating physics and novel applications related to their non-trivial topology. Néel skyrmions have been extensively investigated in magnetic systems with Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction (DMI) and/or perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. Here, by means of micromagnetic simulations and analytical calculations, we show that 3D quasi-skyrmions of Néel type, with topological charge close to 1, can exist as metastable states in soft magnetic nanostructures with no DMI, such as in Permalloy thick cylindrical and dome-shaped nanodots. The key factor responsible for the stabilization of DMI-free is the interplay of the exchange and magnetostatic energies in the nanodots. The range of geometrical parameters where the skyrmions are found is wider in magnetic dome-shape nanodots than in their cylindrical counterparts. Our results open the door for a new research line related to the nucleation and stabilization of magnetic skyrmions in a broad class of nanostructured soft magnetic materials.E.B. acknowledges the Alexander von Humboldt foundation for a postdoctoral fellowship. M.J. acknowledges the Universidad Autónoma de Madrid and Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid through the project SI1/PJI/2019-00055 and the program “Excelencia para el Profesorado Universitario”, as well as the María de Maeztu Programme for Units of Excellence in R&D (CEX2018-000805-M). K.G. acknowledges support by IKERBASQUE (the Basque Foundation for Science). O.C., A.A. and K.G. work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation under Grants PID2019-108075RB-C31 and PID2019-108075RB-C33/AEI/https://doi.org/10.13039/501100011033. The research of K.G. was partially supported by the Norwegian Financial Mechanism 2014–2021 trough project UMO-2020/37/K/ST3/02450. Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL

Determination of closure domain penetration in electrodeposited microtubes by combined magnetic force microscopy and giant magneto-impedance techniques

The domain structure of electrodeposited Co90P10 microtubes exhibiting radial magnetic anisotropy and giant magneto-impedance effect has been characterized by combined magnetic force microscopy imaging and impedance measurements. It has been shown that the size of the closure domains increases with the CoP layer thickness. Furthermore, the depth of the closure domains has been quantitatively determined from the high frequency behavior.The authors want to thank Professor J. Miltat for helpful discussions. This work has been performed under Project No. CAM/07N/0033/1998. A. Asenjo would like to thank the CAM (Spain) for the postdoctoral fellowship. J. P. Sinnecker thanks the Brazilian agencies CNPq and FAPERJ for the financial support.Peer reviewe

High-Power-Density Energy-Harvesting Devices Based on the Anomalous Nernst Effect of Co/Pt Magnetic Multilayers

The anomalous Nernst effect (ANE) is a thermomagnetic phenomenon with potential applications in thermal energy harvesting. While many recent works studied the approaches to increase the ANE coefficient of materials, relatively little effort was devoted to increasing the power supplied by the effect. Here, we demonstrate a nanofabricated device with record power density generated by the ANE. To accomplish this, we fabricate micrometer-sized devices in which the thermal gradient is 3 orders of magnitude higher than conventional macroscopic devices. In addition, we use Co/Pt multilayers, a system characterized by a high ANE thermopower (∼1 μV/K), low electrical resistivity, and perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. These innovations allow us to obtain power densities of around 13 ± 2 W/cm3. We believe that this design may find uses in harvesting wasted energy, e.g., in electronic devicesThis work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation through the projects PID2019-108075RB-C31 and MCIN/FEDER RTI2018-097895-B-C41. G.L.-P. acknowledges financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation through the Juan de la Cierva program (FJCI-2017-32370). J.M.-M. acknowledges the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities through FPU Program No. FPU18/01738

Hysteresis loops of individual Co nanostripes measured by magnetic force microscopy

High-resolution magnetic imaging is of utmost importance to understand magnetism at the nanoscale. In the present work, we use a magnetic force microscope (MFM) operating under in-plane magnetic field in order to observe with high accuracy the domain configuration changes in Co nanowires as a function of the externally applied magnetic field. The main result is the quantitative evaluation of the coercive field of the individual nanostructures. Such characterization is performed by using an MFM-based technique in which a map of the magnetic signal is obtained as a function of both the lateral displacement and the magnetic field