Producción lítica y uso del espacio en el nivel 2b4 de Quebrada Seca 3

Se analizan distintos aspectos de la producción lítica y uso del espacio en el nivel de ocupación 2b(4) del sitio Quebrada Seca 3, Antofagasta de la Sierra, Catamarca. Su cronología lo incluye dentro de la problemática del Arcaico Tardío ca. 6000 a 3000 AP vinculada con las discusiones acerca del inicio del proceso de domesticación y su relación con prácticas tradicionales de caza. En relación a esta problemática se intentan presentar evidencias que permitan definir aspectos tales como la organización espacial intrasitio y la producción de tecnofacturas a los fines de observar el comportamiento funcional del sitio dentro de las prácticas de asentamiento y subsistenciaThe aim of this work is to analize different aspects of lithic production and use of space in the occupation level 2b(4) of Quebrada Seca 3 site, Antofagasta de la Sierra, Catamarca. The time period we are dealing with is included in the Late Archaic –ca 5500 to 300 BP-, which in turn is related with the origin of the process of animal domestication and its relation with traditional hunting practices. Within this topic we present evidence which allow the definition of aspects such as intra-site spatial organization and technique production in order to assess the functional role of the site within the settlement-subsistence system.Sociedad Argentina de Antropologí

Producción lítica y uso del espacio en el nivel 2b4 de Quebrada Seca 3

Se analizan distintos aspectos de la producción lítica y uso del espacio en el nivel de ocupación 2b(4) del sitio Quebrada Seca 3, Antofagasta de la Sierra, Catamarca. Su cronología lo incluye dentro de la problemática del Arcaico Tardío ca. 6000 a 3000 AP vinculada con las discusiones acerca del inicio del proceso de domesticación y su relación con prácticas tradicionales de caza. En relación a esta problemática se intentan presentar evidencias que permitan definir aspectos tales como la organización espacial intrasitio y la producción de tecnofacturas a los fines de observar el comportamiento funcional del sitio dentro de las prácticas de asentamiento y subsistenciaThe aim of this work is to analize different aspects of lithic production and use of space in the occupation level 2b(4) of Quebrada Seca 3 site, Antofagasta de la Sierra, Catamarca. The time period we are dealing with is included in the Late Archaic –ca 5500 to 300 BP-, which in turn is related with the origin of the process of animal domestication and its relation with traditional hunting practices. Within this topic we present evidence which allow the definition of aspects such as intra-site spatial organization and technique production in order to assess the functional role of the site within the settlement-subsistence system.Sociedad Argentina de Antropologí

Producción lítica y uso del espacio en el nivel 2b4 de Quebrada Seca 3

Se analizan distintos aspectos de la producción lítica y uso del espacio en el nivel de ocupación 2b(4) del sitio Quebrada Seca 3, Antofagasta de la Sierra, Catamarca. Su cronología lo incluye dentro de la problemática del Arcaico Tardío ca. 6000 a 3000 AP vinculada con las discusiones acerca del inicio del proceso de domesticación y su relación con prácticas tradicionales de caza. En relación a esta problemática se intentan presentar evidencias que permitan definir aspectos tales como la organización espacial intrasitio y la producción de tecnofacturas a los fines de observar el comportamiento funcional del sitio dentro de las prácticas de asentamiento y subsistenciaThe aim of this work is to analize different aspects of lithic production and use of space in the occupation level 2b(4) of Quebrada Seca 3 site, Antofagasta de la Sierra, Catamarca. The time period we are dealing with is included in the Late Archaic –ca 5500 to 300 BP-, which in turn is related with the origin of the process of animal domestication and its relation with traditional hunting practices. Within this topic we present evidence which allow the definition of aspects such as intra-site spatial organization and technique production in order to assess the functional role of the site within the settlement-subsistence system.Sociedad Argentina de Antropologí

Understanding climate change impacts on biome and plant distributions in the Andes: Challenges and opportunities

Aim: Climate change is expected to impact mountain biodiversity by shifting species ranges and the biomes they shape. The extent and regional variation in these impacts are still poorly understood, particularly in the highly biodiverse Andes. Regional syntheses of climate change impacts on vegetation are pivotal to identify and guide research priorities. Here we review current data, knowledge and uncertainties in past, present and future climate change impacts on vegetation in the Andes. Location: Andes. Taxon: Plants. Methods: We (i) conducted a literature review on Andean vegetation responses to past and contemporary climatic change, (ii) analysed future climate projections for different elevations and slope orientations at 19 Andean locations using an ensemble of model outputs from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 5, and (iii) calculated changes in the suitable climate envelope area of Andean biomes and compared these results to studies that used species distribution models. Results: Future climatic changes (2040–2070) are projected to be stronger at high-elevation areas in the tropical Andes (up to 4°C under RCP 8.5), while in the temperate Andes temperature increases are projected to be up to 2°C. Under this worst-case scenario, temperate deciduous forests and the grasslands/steppes from the Central and Southern Andes are predicted to show the greatest losses of suitable climatic space (30% and 17%–23%, respectively). The high vulnerability of these biomes contrasts with the low attention from researchers modelling Andean species distributions. Critical knowledge gaps include a lack of an Andean wide plant checklist, insufficient density of weather stations at high-elevation areas, a lack of high-resolution climatologies that accommodates the Andes' complex topography and climatic processes, insufficient data to model demographic and ecological processes, and low use of palaeo data for distribution modelling. Main conclusions: Climate change is likely to profoundly affect the extent and composition of Andean biomes. Temperate Andean biomes in particular are susceptible to substantial area contractions. There are, however, considerable challenges and uncertainties in modelling species and biome responses and a pressing need for a region-wide approach to address knowledge gaps and improve understanding and monitoring of climate change impacts in these globally important biomes.publishedVersio

Global maps of soil temperature

Research in global change ecology relies heavily on global climatic grids derived from estimates of air temperature in open areas at around 2 m above the ground. These climatic grids do not reflect conditions below vegetation canopies and near the ground surface, where critical ecosystem functions occur and most terrestrial species reside. Here, we provide global maps of soil temperature and bioclimatic variables at a 1-km2 resolution for 0–5 and 5–15 cm soil depth. These maps were created by calculating the difference (i.e. offset) between in situ soil temperature measurements, based on time series from over 1200 1-km2 pixels (summarized from 8519 unique temperature sensors) across all the world's major terrestrial biomes, and coarse-grained air temperature estimates from ERA5-Land (an atmospheric reanalysis by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts). We show that mean annual soil temperature differs markedly from the corresponding gridded air temperature, by up to 10°C (mean = 3.0 ± 2.1°C), with substantial variation across biomes and seasons. Over the year, soils in cold and/or dry biomes are substantially warmer (+3.6 ± 2.3°C) than gridded air temperature, whereas soils in warm and humid environments are on average slightly cooler (−0.7 ± 2.3°C). The observed substantial and biome-specific offsets emphasize that the projected impacts of climate and climate change on near-surface biodiversity and ecosystem functioning are inaccurately assessed when air rather than soil temperature is used, especially in cold environments. The global soil-related bioclimatic variables provided here are an important step forward for any application in ecology and related disciplines. Nevertheless, we highlight the need to fill remaining geographic gaps by collecting more in situ measurements of microclimate conditions to further enhance the spatiotemporal resolution of global soil temperature products for ecological applications

Global maps of soil temperature

Research in global change ecology relies heavily on global climatic grids derived from estimates of air temperature in open areas at around 2 m above the ground. These climatic grids do not reflect conditions below vegetation canopies and near the ground surface, where critical ecosystem functions occur and most terrestrial species reside. Here, we provide global maps of soil temperature and bioclimatic variables at a 1-km2 resolution for 0\u20135 and 5\u201315 cm soil depth. These maps were created by calculating the difference (i.e. offset) between in situ soil temperature measurements, based on time series from over 1200 1-km2 pixels (summarized from 8519 unique temperature sensors) across all the world's major terrestrial biomes, and coarse-grained air temperature estimates from ERA5-Land (an atmospheric reanalysis by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts). We show that mean annual soil temperature differs markedly from the corresponding gridded air temperature, by up to 10\ub0C (mean = 3.0 \ub1 2.1\ub0C), with substantial variation across biomes and seasons. Over the year, soils in cold and/or dry biomes are substantially warmer (+3.6 \ub1 2.3\ub0C) than gridded air temperature, whereas soils in warm and humid environments are on average slightly cooler ( 120.7 \ub1 2.3\ub0C). The observed substantial and biome-specific offsets emphasize that the projected impacts of climate and climate change on near-surface biodiversity and ecosystem functioning are inaccurately assessed when air rather than soil temperature is used, especially in cold environments. The global soil-related bioclimatic variables provided here are an important step forward for any application in ecology and related disciplines. Nevertheless, we highlight the need to fill remaining geographic gaps by collecting more in situ measurements of microclimate conditions to further enhance the spatiotemporal resolution of global soil temperature products for ecological applications

Global maps of soil temperature

Research in global change ecology relies heavily on global climatic grids derived from estimates of air temperature in open areas at around 2 m above the ground. These climatic grids do not reflect conditions below vegetation canopies and near the ground surface, where critical ecosystem functions occur and most terrestrial species reside. Here, we provide global maps of soil temperature and bioclimatic variables at a 1-km² resolution for 0–5 and 5–15 cm soil depth. These maps were created by calculating the difference (i.e., offset) between in-situ soil temperature measurements, based on time series from over 1200 1-km² pixels (summarized from 8500 unique temperature sensors) across all the world’s major terrestrial biomes, and coarse-grained air temperature estimates from ERA5-Land (an atmospheric reanalysis by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts). We show that mean annual soil temperature differs markedly from the corresponding gridded air temperature, by up to 10°C (mean = 3.0 ± 2.1°C), with substantial variation across biomes and seasons. Over the year, soils in cold and/or dry biomes are substantially warmer (+3.6 ± 2.3°C) than gridded air temperature, whereas soils in warm and humid environments are on average slightly cooler (-0.7 ± 2.3°C). The observed substantial and biome-specific offsets emphasize that the projected impacts of climate and climate change on near-surface biodiversity and ecosystem functioning are inaccurately assessed when air rather than soil temperature is used, especially in cold environments. The global soil-related bioclimatic variables provided here are an important step forward for any application in ecology and related disciplines. Nevertheless, we highlight the need to fill remaining geographic gaps by collecting more in-situ measurements of microclimate conditions to further enhance the spatiotemporal resolution of global soil temperature products for ecological applications