APRENDER FAZENDO - PESQUISAR REFLEXIONANDO: CASO DE ESTUDO PARALELO NA COLÔMBIA E O CHILE.

This paper offers a reflection on methodological constructionism postures that integrate ICT, including the WebQuest, digital learning objects, E-learning platforms, among others, due to the current boom takes on new goals and challenges with futuristic vision society. Therefore, the reflection on the teaching-learning opens a case study proposed to assess as the metabolism of the classroom has changed mainly due to the massive use of ICT provides students apply a methodology of distributed information in different and varied sources of information removing the centralized methodology to prepare by learning by doing and reflecting investigate. Thus, in the university research is part of the work initially become student research assistant and that is where an analysis of the effects is necessary because their research in the socio-cultural and productive environment in which it operates. Thereby this case study was developed in Research Group in Telemedicine of Nueva Granada Military University –TIGUM from Colombia, and New Technologies of Santiago de Chile University -GINT during 2012 and 2013 have made an exploratory study parallel applying the methodology “learning by doing - reflecting investigate” that allows evaluating the results of research and professional development of its participants auxiliary. As a result, more than 80% of assistant researches are developing their postgraduate studies at Masters or PhD at the national or international level.El presente artículo ofrece una reflexión sobre las posturas metodológicas del construccionismo que integran las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (tic), entre ellas la WebQuest, objetos digitales de aprendizaje,plataformas e-Learning, entre otras, de gran auge actual, frente a nuevos objetivos y desafíos con visión futurista de la sociedad. Para abrir la reflexión sobre el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje se propone un caso de estudio quepermita evaluar cómo el metabolismo de la sala de clases ha cambiado, principalmente por el uso masivo de las tic que brinda al estudiante una metodología de información distribuida en diferentes y variadas fuentes de información, apartando la metodología centralizada que le prepara mediante el aprender haciendo e investigar reflexionando. En el ambiente universitario, la investigación forma parte del quehacer del estudiante convertido inicialmente en auxiliar de investigación y es ahí donde resulta necesario un análisis de los efectos que causan sus investigaciones en el medio sociocultural y productivo en el cual se desenvuelve.El caso de estudio se desarrolla con los grupos de investigación en telemedicina de la Universidad Militar Nueva Granada de Colombia (Tigum) y en Nuevas Tecnologías de la Universidad Santiago de Chile (gint), que durante 2012 y 2013 han realizado un estudio paralelo exploratorio aplicando la metodología “aprender haciendo-investigar reflexionando”, la cual permite evaluar los resultados de investigación y el desarrollo profesional de sus auxiliaresparticipantes. Así, se ha logrado que el 80% de los auxiliares continúen sus estudios de posgrado en maestrías o doctorados a nivel nacional o internacional.Palabras clave: metodología, aprender, hacer, investigar, reflexionar.O presente artigo oferece uma reflexão ao redor das posturas metodológicas do construcionismo que integram as tecnologias da informação e comunicação (tic), como a WebQuest, objetos digitais de aprendizado, plataformas e-Learning, entre outras, de grande preeminência atual, frente aos novos objetivos e desafios com visão futurista da sociedade. Com fim de começar a reflexão sobre o processo de ensino-aprendizado se propõe um caso de estudo que permita avaliar o como o metabolismo da sala de aula tem mudado, principalmente pelo uso massivo das tic que permite ao estudante aplicar uma metodologia da informação distribuída em diferentes e variadas fontes de informação, afastando a metodologia centralizada, que o prepara por meio do aprender fazendo e pesquisar reflexionando. No ambiente universitário, a pesquisa faz parte da atividade do estudante convertido inicialmente em auxiliar de pesquisa que é onde se precisa uma análise dos efeitos causados pelas suas pesquisas no meio sociocultural e produtivo no qual atua. O caso de estudo desenvolve-se com os grupos de pesquisa em telemedicina da Universidade Militar Nova Granada de Colômbia (Tigum) e em Novas Tecnologias da Universidade de Santiago de Chile (gint), que durante 2012 e 2013 têm realizado um estudo paralelo de exploração aplicando a metodologia “aprender fazendopesquisar reflexionando”, a qual permite avaliar os resultados de pesquisa e o desenvolvimento professional dos seus auxiliares participantes. Deste jeito, se tem obtido que o 80% dos assistentes continuem seus estudos de pós-graduação em mestrias o doutorados a nível nacional ou internacional

Single circulating-tumor-cell-targeted sequencing to identify somatic variants in liquid biopsies in non-small-cell lung cancer patients

Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for most cancer-related deaths worldwide. Liquid biopsy by a blood draw to detect circulating tumor cells (CTCs) is a tool for molecular profiling of cancer using single-cell and next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies. The aim of the study was to identify somatic variants in single CTCs isolated from NSCLC patients by targeted NGS. Thirty-one subjects (20 NSCLC patients, 11 smokers without cancer) were enrolled for blood draws (7.5 mL). CTCs were identified by immunofluorescence, individually retrieved, and DNA-extracted. Targeted NGS was performed to detect somatic variants (single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) and insertions/deletions (Indels)) across 65 oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. Cancer-associated variants were classified using OncoKB database. NSCLC patients had significantly higher CTC counts than control smokers

Lethal Concentration of Carbonate OF Ca as a Function of the Osmotic Potential of the Solution in Sunflower (Heliantusannuus L.)

In order to know the effect of CaCO3 in solution, sunflower seedlings cv. Victoria, an experiment was completely randomized, where five concentrations of calcium carbonate were evaluated to determine the lethal concentration (LC50), pH and EC of the solution under laboratory conditions in the Universidad Tecnologica de Tehuacan, to simulate of excess Ca++ in the soils or nutrient solution. The results indicate, the LC50 was 62.8 mg CaCO3 L-1, so maximum values for pH, EC and calcium absorption, They were achieved at concentrations of 120 and 160 mg L-1 of CaCO3. This work can be concluded, Sunflower can absorb the high levels of calcium and used as an alternative, for remediation of agricultural soils affected hard water and Ca++ salts

Does native Trypanosoma cruzi calreticulin mediate growth inhibition of a mammary tumor during infection?

Indexación: Web of Science.Background: For several decades now an antagonism between Trypanosoma cruzi infection and tumor development has been detected. The molecular basis of this phenomenon remained basically unknown until our proposal that T. cruzi Calreticulin (TcCRT), an endoplasmic reticulum-resident chaperone, translocated-externalized by the parasite, may mediate at least an important part of this effect. Thus, recombinant TcCRT (rTcCRT) has important in vivo antiangiogenic and antitumor activities. However, the relevant question whether the in vivo antitumor effect of T. cruzi infection is indeed mediated by the native chaperone (nTcCRT), remains open. Herein, by using specific modified anti-rTcCRT antibodies (Abs), we have neutralized the antitumor activity of T. cruzi infection and extracts thereof, thus identifying nTcCRT as a valid mediator of this effect. Methods: Polyclonal anti-rTcCRT F(ab')(2) Ab fragments were used to reverse the capacity of rTcCRT to inhibit EAhy926 endothelial cell (EC) proliferation, as detected by BrdU uptake. Using these F(ab')(2) fragments, we also challenged the capacity of nTcCRT, during T. cruzi infection, to inhibit the growth of an aggressive mammary adenocarcinoma cell line (TA3-MTXR) in mice. Moreover, we determined the capacity of anti-rTcCRT Abs to reverse the antitumor effect of an epimastigote extract (EE). Finally, the effects of these treatments on tumor histology were evaluated. Results: The rTcCRT capacity to inhibit ECs proliferation was reversed by anti-rTcCRT F(ab')(2) Ab fragments, thus defining them as valid probes to interfere in vivo with this important TcCRT function. Consequently, during infection, these Ab fragments also reversed the in vivo experimental mammary tumor growth. Moreover, anti-rTcCRT Abs also neutralized the antitumor effect of an EE, again identifying the chaperone protein as an important mediator of this anti mammary tumor effect. Finally, as determined by conventional histological parameters, in infected animals and in those treated with EE, less invasive tumors were observed while, as expected, treatment with F(ab')(2) Ab fragments increased malignancy. Conclusion: We have identified translocated/externalized nTcCRT as responsible for at least an important part of the anti mammary tumor effect of the chaperone observed during experimental infections with T. cruzi.http://bmccancer.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12885-016-2764-

Introductions of West Nile Virus Strains to Mexico

Complete genome sequencing of 22 West Nile virus isolates suggested 2 independent introductions into Mexico. A previously identified mouse-attenuated glycosylation variant was introduced into southern Mexico through the southeastern United States, while a common US genotype appears to have been introduced incrementally into northern Mexico through the southwestern United States

Use of cancer-specific yeast-secreted in vivo biotinylated recombinant antibodies for serum biomarker discovery

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licens

Accurate isolation and detection of circulating tumor cells using enrichment-free multiparametric high resolution imaging

IntroductionThe reliable and accurate detection of rare circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from cancer patient blood samples promises advantages in both research and clinical applications. Numerous CTC detection methods have been explored that rely on either the physical properties of CTCs such as density, size, charge, and/or their antigen expression profiles. Multiple factors can influence CTC recovery including blood processing method and time to processing. This study aimed to examine the accuracy and sensitivity of an enrichment-free method of isolating leukocytes (AccuCyte® system) followed by immunofluorescence staining and high-resolution imaging (CyteFinder® instrument) to detect CTCs.MethodHealthy human blood samples, spiked with cancer cells from cancer cell lines, as well as blood samples obtained from 4 subjects diagnosed with cancer (2 pancreatic, 1 thyroid, and 1 small cell lung) were processed using the AccuCyte-CyteFinder system to assess recovery rate, accuracy, and reliability over a range of processing times.ResultsThe AccuCyte-CyteFinder system was highly accurate (95.0%) at identifying cancer cells in spiked-in samples (in 7.5 mL of blood), even at low spiked-in numbers of 5 cells with high sensitivity (90%). The AccuCyte-CyteFinder recovery rate (90.9%) was significantly higher compared to recovery rates obtained by density gradient centrifugation (20.0%) and red blood cell lysis (52.0%). Reliable and comparable recovery was observed in spiked-in samples and in clinical blood samples processed up to 72 hours post-collection. Reviewer analysis of images from spiked-in and clinical samples resulted in high concordance (R-squared value of 0.998 and 0.984 respectively).DiscussionThe AccuCyte-CyteFinder system is as an accurate, sensitive, and clinically practical method to detect and enumerate cancer cells. This system addresses some of the practical logistical challenges in incorporating CTCs as part of routine clinical care. This could facilitate the clinical use of CTCs in guiding precision, personalized medicine

Canagliflozin and Cardiovascular and Renal Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Chronic Kidney Disease in Primary and Secondary Cardiovascular Prevention Groups

Background: Canagliflozin reduces the risk of kidney failure in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease, but effects on specific cardiovascular outcomes are uncertain, as are effects in people without previous cardiovascular disease (primary prevention). Methods: In CREDENCE (Canagliflozin and Renal Events in Diabetes With Established Nephropathy Clinical Evaluation), 4401 participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease were randomly assigned to canagliflozin or placebo on a background of optimized standard of care. Results: Primary prevention participants (n=2181, 49.6%) were younger (61 versus 65 years), were more often female (37% versus 31%), and had shorter duration of diabetes mellitus (15 years versus 16 years) compared with secondary prevention participants (n=2220, 50.4%). Canagliflozin reduced the risk of major cardiovascular events overall (hazard ratio [HR], 0.80 [95% CI, 0.67-0.95]; P=0.01), with consistent reductions in both the primary (HR, 0.68 [95% CI, 0.49-0.94]) and secondary (HR, 0.85 [95% CI, 0.69-1.06]) prevention groups (P for interaction=0.25). Effects were also similar for the components of the composite including cardiovascular death (HR, 0.78 [95% CI, 0.61-1.00]), nonfatal myocardial infarction (HR, 0.81 [95% CI, 0.59-1.10]), and nonfatal stroke (HR, 0.80 [95% CI, 0.56-1.15]). The risk of the primary composite renal outcome and the composite of cardiovascular death or hospitalization for heart failure were also consistently reduced in both the primary and secondary prevention groups (P for interaction >0.5 for each outcome). Conclusions: Canagliflozin significantly reduced major cardiovascular events and kidney failure in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease, including in participants who did not have previous cardiovascular disease

Familial hypercholesterolaemia in children and adolescents from 48 countries: a cross-sectional study

Background: Approximately 450 000 children are born with familial hypercholesterolaemia worldwide every year, yet only 2·1% of adults with familial hypercholesterolaemia were diagnosed before age 18 years via current diagnostic approaches, which are derived from observations in adults. We aimed to characterise children and adolescents with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia (HeFH) and understand current approaches to the identification and management of familial hypercholesterolaemia to inform future public health strategies. Methods: For this cross-sectional study, we assessed children and adolescents younger than 18 years with a clinical or genetic diagnosis of HeFH at the time of entry into the Familial Hypercholesterolaemia Studies Collaboration (FHSC) registry between Oct 1, 2015, and Jan 31, 2021. Data in the registry were collected from 55 regional or national registries in 48 countries. Diagnoses relying on self-reported history of familial hypercholesterolaemia and suspected secondary hypercholesterolaemia were excluded from the registry; people with untreated LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) of at least 13·0 mmol/L were excluded from this study. Data were assessed overall and by WHO region, World Bank country income status, age, diagnostic criteria, and index-case status. The main outcome of this study was to assess current identification and management of children and adolescents with familial hypercholesterolaemia. Findings: Of 63 093 individuals in the FHSC registry, 11 848 (18·8%) were children or adolescents younger than 18 years with HeFH and were included in this study; 5756 (50·2%) of 11 476 included individuals were female and 5720 (49·8%) were male. Sex data were missing for 372 (3·1%) of 11 848 individuals. Median age at registry entry was 9·6 years (IQR 5·8-13·2). 10 099 (89·9%) of 11 235 included individuals had a final genetically confirmed diagnosis of familial hypercholesterolaemia and 1136 (10·1%) had a clinical diagnosis. Genetically confirmed diagnosis data or clinical diagnosis data were missing for 613 (5·2%) of 11 848 individuals. Genetic diagnosis was more common in children and adolescents from high-income countries (9427 [92·4%] of 10 202) than in children and adolescents from non-high-income countries (199 [48·0%] of 415). 3414 (31·6%) of 10 804 children or adolescents were index cases. Familial-hypercholesterolaemia-related physical signs, cardiovascular risk factors, and cardiovascular disease were uncommon, but were more common in non-high-income countries. 7557 (72·4%) of 10 428 included children or adolescents were not taking lipid-lowering medication (LLM) and had a median LDL-C of 5·00 mmol/L (IQR 4·05-6·08). Compared with genetic diagnosis, the use of unadapted clinical criteria intended for use in adults and reliant on more extreme phenotypes could result in 50-75% of children and adolescents with familial hypercholesterolaemia not being identified. Interpretation: Clinical characteristics observed in adults with familial hypercholesterolaemia are uncommon in children and adolescents with familial hypercholesterolaemia, hence detection in this age group relies on measurement of LDL-C and genetic confirmation. Where genetic testing is unavailable, increased availability and use of LDL-C measurements in the first few years of life could help reduce the current gap between prevalence and detection, enabling increased use of combination LLM to reach recommended LDL-C targets early in life

Global Retinoblastoma Presentation and Analysis by National Income Level.

Importance: Early diagnosis of retinoblastoma, the most common intraocular cancer, can save both a child's life and vision. However, anecdotal evidence suggests that many children across the world are diagnosed late. To our knowledge, the clinical presentation of retinoblastoma has never been assessed on a global scale. Objectives: To report the retinoblastoma stage at diagnosis in patients across the world during a single year, to investigate associations between clinical variables and national income level, and to investigate risk factors for advanced disease at diagnosis. Design, Setting, and Participants: A total of 278 retinoblastoma treatment centers were recruited from June 2017 through December 2018 to participate in a cross-sectional analysis of treatment-naive patients with retinoblastoma who were diagnosed in 2017. Main Outcomes and Measures: Age at presentation, proportion of familial history of retinoblastoma, and tumor stage and metastasis. Results: The cohort included 4351 new patients from 153 countries; the median age at diagnosis was 30.5 (interquartile range, 18.3-45.9) months, and 1976 patients (45.4%) were female. Most patients (n = 3685 [84.7%]) were from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Globally, the most common indication for referral was leukocoria (n = 2638 [62.8%]), followed by strabismus (n = 429 [10.2%]) and proptosis (n = 309 [7.4%]). Patients from high-income countries (HICs) were diagnosed at a median age of 14.1 months, with 656 of 666 (98.5%) patients having intraocular retinoblastoma and 2 (0.3%) having metastasis. Patients from low-income countries were diagnosed at a median age of 30.5 months, with 256 of 521 (49.1%) having extraocular retinoblastoma and 94 of 498 (18.9%) having metastasis. Lower national income level was associated with older presentation age, higher proportion of locally advanced disease and distant metastasis, and smaller proportion of familial history of retinoblastoma. Advanced disease at diagnosis was more common in LMICs even after adjusting for age (odds ratio for low-income countries vs upper-middle-income countries and HICs, 17.92 [95% CI, 12.94-24.80], and for lower-middle-income countries vs upper-middle-income countries and HICs, 5.74 [95% CI, 4.30-7.68]). Conclusions and Relevance: This study is estimated to have included more than half of all new retinoblastoma cases worldwide in 2017. Children from LMICs, where the main global retinoblastoma burden lies, presented at an older age with more advanced disease and demonstrated a smaller proportion of familial history of retinoblastoma, likely because many do not reach a childbearing age. Given that retinoblastoma is curable, these data are concerning and mandate intervention at national and international levels. Further studies are needed to investigate factors, other than age at presentation, that may be associated with advanced disease in LMICs