Materialidad arqueológica, práctica científica y activación patrimonial en la cuenca del Choapa, IV Región, Chile

En el presente artículo refl exionamos sobre la relación simbólica de los habitantes del Choapa con la materialidad arqueológica, tratando de entenderla en el marco de los procesos históricos que caracterizaron a la provincia. Dicha relación es pensada a partir del diálogo que establecimos con los habitantes de las localidades de Césped y Los Perales en el valle de Illapel, y de Zapallar y San Agustín en el valle de Chalinga; y las ciudades cabeceras de cada valle, Illapel y Salamanca, respectivamente. Analizamos asimismo nuestra intervención en los procesos de activación patrimonial. Concluimos que estos procesos se sostienen sobre discursos patrimoniales construidos a partir de distintos tipos de capital cultural y que sólo en la medida que se incorpore el saber de las comunidades locales se logrará una apropiación espontánea del patrimonio, potenciando así la utilidad social de los restos arqueológicos.In this article we analyze the symbolic relation between Choapa habitants and archaeological materiality, trying to understand it as part of the historical processes that characterized the province. This analysis is based on the dialog we could establish with the inhabitants of Césped and Los Perales in Illapel Valley and from Zapallar and San Agustín in Chalinga Valley; as well as from the principal cities of each valley, Illapel and Salamanca, respectively. We also analyze our intervention in the heritage activation processes. We conclude that these processes are based on heritage discourses constructed upon different kinds of cultural capital and just as long as the local community knowledge get involved, a spontaneous appropriation of heritage can be achieved, increasing the social benefi ts of archaeological material.Fil: Salatino, Patricia. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras. Instituto de Ciencias Antropológicas. Sección de Antropología Social; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Artigas, Diego. Universidad Academia de Humanismo Cristiano; Chil

Refractive Properties of Binary Mixtures Formed by an Isomer of Chlorobutane and Butyl Ethyl Ether

Refractive indices of the binary mixtures containing an isomer of chlorobutane (1-chlorobutane, 2-chlorobutane, 2-methyl-1-chloropropane, or 2-methyl-2-chloropropane) and butyl ethyl ether have been measured at seven temperatures from T = 283.15 to 313.15 K From these data refractive index deviations were calculated and correlated with a Redlich-Kister polynomial expansion. The refractive index deviations were found positive. Finally, from these refractive indices both densities and surface tensions of the studied systems were predicted and compared with previously reported values

Novel polymorphisms in the prion protein gene (PRNP) and stability of the resultant prion protein in different horse breeds

Prion diseases are fatal neurodegenerative disorders in which the main pathogenic event is the conversion of the cellular prion protein (PrPC) into an abnormal and misfolded isoform known as PrPSc. Most prion diseases and their susceptibility and pathogenesis are mainly modulated by the PRNP gene that codes for PrP. Mutations and polymorphisms in the PRNP gene can alter PrPC amino acid sequence, leading to a change in transmission efficiency depending on the place where it occurs. Horses are animals that are considered to be highly resistant to prions. Several studies have attempted to identify polymorphisms in the PRNP gene that explain the reason for this high resistance. In this study, we have analysed 207 horses from 20 different breeds, discovering 3 novel PRNP polymorphisms. By using computer programmes such as PolyPhen-2, PROVEAN, PANTHER, Meta-SNP and PredictSNP, we have predicted the possible impact that these new polymorphisms would have on the horse prion protein. In addition, we measured the propensity for amyloid aggregation using AMYCO and analysed the lack of hydrogen bridges that these changes would entail together with their electrostatic potentials using Swiss-PdbViewer software, showing that an increased amyloid propensity could be due to changes at the level of electrostatic potentials

Using eutectic solvents for extracting astaxanthin from dry biomass of Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous pretreated by pulsed electric fields

The healthy properties of astaxanthin (AST) together with the growing interest in products of natural origin have motivated the development of sustainable extraction procedures from biomass. For this, it is essential to establish mechanisms that allow overcoming the barrier of the cell envelopes as well as the substitution of the conventional solvents. This work is focused on the evaluation of pulse electric fields (PEFs) as a fresh biomass pretreatment to enhance the efficacy of eutectic mixtures (ESs) as eco-friendly solvents for extracting AST from the freeze-dried yeast Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous. The results showed a positive effect on the extraction efficiency of the pulse treatment and subsequent incubation stage. The thymol/salol system was the best solvent and the most favorable composition, temperature and extraction time were calculated. The efficiency reached 79% in the PEF-treated cells after incubation. The antioxidant capacity of AST in the eutectic mixture was determined and an IC50 value of 0.02 μg/mL was obtained. A synergistic effect between AST and thymol was observed. The main conclusion of the work is that consecutively using PEFs as an electroporation technique and ESs as solvents allows us to obtain a high extraction efficiency of AST from dry yeast

Evaluación comparativa de diferentes métodos para sistemas de recomendación aplicados a la movilidad urbana y su posible inclusión en la cadena de negocio

El auge de las tecnologías de la comunicación ha hecho que generar y compartir información esté al alcance de todo el mundo, de forma que la cantidad de datos generados está creciendo exponencialmente. Para poder enfrentarse a toda esta información surgen los sistemas de recomendación, que ayudan al usuario a encontrar elementos (productos y servicios, actividades a realizar, etc.) de su interés reduciendo enormemente el coste de su búsqueda, y por lo tanto aportan comodidad y hacen accesible la exploración de datos. Estos sistemas, a partir de información conocida, consiguen predecir los intereses del usuario, para así mostrar los ítems que le resulten relevantes antes que el resto.En este trabajo se propone utilizar las predicciones obtenidas de este tipo de sistemas para aplicarlas en el ámbito de la movilidad urbana; ya que, si se pueden conocer los intereses de los usuarios de antemano, se podrá prever por qué zonas y cómo se moverán un determinado grupo de turistas por la ciudad, y así se podrán preparar los servicios de movilidad existentes para optimizar su rendimiento.Para conseguir este objetivo, en primer lugar se han estudiado las bases de funcionamiento de los sistemas de recomendación y se han visto las diferentes metodologías existentes, comprendiendo sus diferencias y las ventajas y desventajas que presentan unas u otras.Se ha experimentado con algunos de los métodos de recomendación anteriormente nombrados, utilizando el lenguaje de programación R, y operando con un conjunto de datos existente en Internet, para poder conocer de forma práctica cómo se usan los sistemas de recomendación, comprender qué pasos siguen y qué parámetros se utilizan, y analizar los resultados obtenidos comparándolos entre sí. Además, se han analizado los posibles casos de aplicación de estos sistemas en el contexto de la movilidad urbana, viendo cómo pueden ayudar y qué pueden aportar a este campo, con qué datos pueden trabajar y de dónde se podrían obtener estos, como afectarían a los procesos actuales de toma de decisiones, qué beneficios podrían aportar al mercado y cuáles serían sus costes.<br /

Reinterpretando paredes : interacción e intercambio de información en el Ibáñez medio, Patagonia central, Chile

En este trabajo se resumen los resultados del registro sis temático de diferentes sitios con arte rupestre en el sector medio del río Ibáñez, Región de Aysén (Patagonia central, Chile). A partir de la caracterización de los sitios, el análisis de las figuras, técnicas, frecuencias y las comparaciones con los grupos estilísticos definidos para el área del río Pinturas de la Patagonia central, se discute la idea de estilo, la teoría de intercambio de información y la noción de memoria colectiva, con el fin de acercarnos a la comprensión del comportamiento de los grupos que vivieron en esta zona durante el HolocenoThis paper summarizes the results of the systematic recording of different rock art sites in the middle reaches of the Ibáñez River, in Aysén Region (Central Patagonia, Chile). Through a characterization of archaeological sites in the area, analysis of the rock art figures, techniques, and frequencies, and comparisons with previously-defined Patagonian stylistic groups, the authors discuss the notions of style, information exchange theory, and collective memory to reach conclusions about the behavior of the human groups that lived in this area during the Holocene

Glucose Restriction Promotes Osteocyte Specification by Activating a PGC-1α-Dependent Transcriptional Program

Molecular mechanism of behavior; Molecular physiology; Specialized functions of cellsMecanismo molecular del comportamiento; Fisiología molecular; Funciones especializadas de las célulasMecanisme molecular del comportament; Fisiologia molecular; Funcions especialitzades de les cèl·lulesOsteocytes, the most abundant of bone cells, differentiate while they remain buried within the bone matrix. This encasement limits their access to nutrients and likely affects their differentiation, a process that remains poorly defined. Here, we show that restriction in glucose supply promotes the osteocyte transcriptional program while also being associated with increased mitochondrial DNA levels. Glucose deprivation triggered the activation of the AMPK/PGC-1 pathway. AMPK and SIRT1 activators or PGC-1α overexpression are sufficient to enhance osteocyte gene expression in IDG-SW3 cells, murine primary osteoblasts, osteocytes, and organotypic/ex vivo bone cultures. Conversely, osteoblasts and osteocytes deficient in Ppargc1a and b were refractory to the effects of glucose restriction. Finally, conditional ablation of both genes in osteoblasts and osteocytes generate osteopenia and reduce osteocytic gene expression in mice. Altogether, we uncovered a role for PGC-1 in the regulation of osteocyte gene expressio

Characteristics and Outcomes in Patients with Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia Who Do or Do Not Develop Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. An Observational Study

Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a well-known complication of patients on invasive mechanical ventilation. The main cause of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is pneumonia. ARDS can occur in patients with community-acquired or nosocomial pneumonia. Data regarding ARDS incidence, related pathogens, and specific outcomes in patients with VAP is limited. This is a cohort study in which patients with VAP were evaluated in an 800-bed tertiary teaching hospital between 2004 and 2016. Clinical outcomes, microbiological and epidemiological data were assessed among those who developed ARDS and those who did not. Forty-one (13.6%) out of 301 VAP patients developed ARDS. Patients who developed ARDS were younger and presented with higher prevalence of chronic liver disease. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most frequently isolated pathogen, but without any difference between groups. Appropriate empirical antibiotic treatment was prescribed to ARDS patients as frequently as to those without ARDS. Ninety-day mortality did not significantly vary among patients with or without ARDS. Additionally, patients with ARDS did not have significantly higher intensive care unit (ICU) and 28-day mortality, ICU, and hospital length of stay, ventilation-free days, and duration of mechanical ventilation. In summary, ARDS deriving from VAP occurs in 13.6% of patients. Although significant differences in clinical outcomes were not observed between both groups, further studies with a higher number of patients are needed due to the possibility of the study being underpowered

La imagen del guanaco: análisis del uso del espacio a partir del arte rupestre presente en la cuenca del lago General Carrera/Buenos Aires, Patagonia Central, Chile

Studies related to rock art in the region of Aysén, Central Patagonia, Chile, have focused on the valleys of the Ibáñez and Jeinimeni rivers. At present there are only absolute dates for some sites on the Ibáñez river, which, in association with the types of motifs present in the rock art of both areas and the stylistic sequence proposed for Central and Southern Patagonia, have made it possible a chronology from 6,000 yr BP, until the arrival of the colonists. Among the recognized designs, those show representations of guanacos (Lama guanicoe) in different shapes and sizes stand out. Thus, based on this type of motif identified in four sites in the Ibáñez valley and three in Jeinimeni, the present investigation attempts to address the possible differentiation in terms of the way in which the geographical space was occupied by the hunter-gatherer groups that inhabited both areas, based on the morphology, disposition and location of this type of representation.Los estudios relacionados con el arte rupestre de la región de Aysén, Patagonia Central, Chile, se han enfocado en los valles de los ríos Ibáñez y Jeinimeni. Actualmente sólo se cuenta con dataciones absolutas en algunos sitios del río Ibáñez, las cuales en asociación con los tipos de motivos presentes en el arte rupestre de ambas áreas y la secuencia estilística planteada en Patagonia Centro-Meridional, han permitido una cronología que va desde 6.000 años AP, hasta la llegada de los colonos. Dentro de los diseños reconocidos destacan las representaciones de guanacos (Lama guanicoe), en diversas formas y tamaños. A partir de este tipo de motivo identificado en cuatro sitios del valle del río Ibáñez y tres en Jeinimeni, este trabajo intenta abordar la posible diferenciación en cuanto a la forma de ocupar el espacio geográfico por parte de los grupos cazadores recolectores que habitaron ambas áreas, basándose en la morfología, disposición y emplazamiento de estas representaciones

Synthesis and antiprotozoal activity of oligomethylene- and p-phenylene-bis(methylene)-linked bis(+)-huprines

We have synthesized a series of dimers of (+)-(7R,11R)-huprine Y and evaluated their activity against Trypanosoma brucei, Plasmodium falciparum, rat myoblast L6 cells and human acetylcholinesterase (hAChE), and their brain permeability. Most dimers have more potent and selective trypanocidal activity than huprine Y and are brain permeable, but they are devoid of antimalarial activity and remain active against hAChE. Lead optimization will focus on identifying compounds with a more favourable trypanocidal/anticholinesterase activity ratio