A New Approach to Blood Parameters in Dogs with Hemorrhagic Enteritis

Background: Some blood parameters have diagnostic and prognostic importance for the infections in human medicine. However, there is insufficient research regarding the importance of blood parameters and their correlations in veterinary medicine. Increased blood cell distribution width (RDW) and platelet activity can link with the important inflammatory markers. The main objective of the present study was the evaluation of the relationship among some important blood parameters namely RDW, platelet count (PLT), platelet distribution width (PDW), mean platelet volume (MPV), plateletcrit (PCT), their potential usage in the diagnosis and determination of the clinical severity in dogs with hemorrhagic enteritis.Materials, Methods & Results: In this study, the case records of 29 dogs with hemorrhagic enteritis were evaluated and the records of 10 healthy dogs were used as controls. The animals of the study group were presented at the Ondokuz Mayis University, Veterinary Internal Medicine Clinic. The complete blood count (CBC), which includes the total WBC, RBC, hematocrit (HCT), hemoglobin concentration (Hgb), MCV, mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), RDW, PLT, MPV, PCT, and PDW, was determined. Significant positive correlations between RDW and RBC, HCT, MCHC, PLT and PDW, and a negative correlation with MCV, were determined. PDW was positively correlated with the lymphocyte count, MCHC and RDW, and negatively correlated with PCT. PLT was negatively correlated with MCV and MPV and positively correlated with RBC and RDW. In addition, MPV was positively correlated with MCV and MCH, and negatively correlated with PLT. Furthermore, there were significant differences between the granulocyte, WBC, HCT, RDW and PDW values (P < 0.001) and monocyte count, Hgb and MCV (P < 0.05), of the study and control groups.Discussion: Acute hemorrhagic enteritis has various causes in dogs such as idiopathic hemorrhagic gastroenteritis and a number of viral, bacterial and parasitic agents. Hematological and biochemical parameters are not specific to enteric diseases, but these paremeters can provide clinically helpful information for differential diagnosis, response to treatment, and prognosis. In this frame, the evaluation of MCV and RDW in combination, and the determination of the mean red cell size and the extent of heterogeneity of the red cell population, can be especially useful to the diagnosis of different red blood cell disorders. In the present study, differences in RDW and MCV values were statistically significant between the study and control groups (P < 0.05). Increased RDW and decreased MCV can be good indicators of hemorragic diseases and in the present study, in addition to these findings, decreased Hgb and Hct confirmed anemia in dogs with hemorrhagic enteritis. The other key findings of this study were statistically significant relationships between RDW, PLT and PDW, which could be important indicators of inflammation in dogs with hemorrhagic enteritis. These parameters should be evaluated carefully in clinical cases of hemorrhagic enteritis. However, due to nature of retrospective studies, there were some limitations (the lack of another control group of dogs suffering from other hemorrhagic diseases) lack of serial measurements of the blood parameters and further studies should be carried out on dogs with hemorrhagic enteritis for a more detailed evaluation and confirmation of the findings of this study

Evaluation of Trace Element Levels and Antioxidant Metabolism in Cattle with Cutaneous Papillomatosis

Background: Cutaneous papillomas are benign proliferative neoplasms. The aetiology and pathogenesis of the disease are very complex. Papillomatosis lesions can be detected anywhere on the body, frequently appearing on the surface of the head, neck, teats, udder, external genital mucosa and upper part of the gastrointestinal tract. The disease is not life threatening but due to loss of productivity, owners often cull animals with papillomatosis. The relationships between trace elements, heavy metals and cancer are still researching. The aim of this study was the evaluation of the relationships between trace elements and antioxidant metabolism, and cutaneous papillomatosis, in cattle.Materials, Methods &amp; Results: Eleven cattle with cutaneous papillomatosis and 10 healthy cattle constituted the study group and control group, respectively. Clinical examinations were performed on all animals. Blood samples were collected and Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Se, Zn, As, B, Ni, Si and Co levels were determined. The analyses were conducted with an inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrophotometer. In addition, catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA) and ceruloplasmin (Cp) concentrations were measured. The Ni, Si and MDA levels of the study group were significantly higher than those of the control group (P &lt; 0.05) but the Se levels of the study group were significantly lower than in the control group (P &lt; 0.05). The normality of the data was determined with the Shapiro-Wilk Test and the Independent Samples t-Test or Mann-Whitney U test was used for statistical comparison of the groups.Discussion: Trace elements are essential components of biological systems. The levels of trace elements, such as Cu, Co, I, Se, Zn and Mn, which are affected by grazing activity, influence ruminants’ reproductive performance and other production parameters. The elements Al, As, Cr, Ni and Sn are also presumed to be essential for ruminant metabolism, although sufficient research data are not available. In the present study, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Zn, As, B and Co levels were not significantly different between the papilloma and control groups. Se is an important trace element for skin health. This study revealed a mean serum Se level in animals with papillomatosis that was significantly lower than in the healthy group. Although the mode of anticancer activity of Se is not clear, some factors, such as antioxidant protection, improved immune system surveillance, carcinogen detoxification, modulation of cell proliferation and inhibition of tumour cell invasion and angiogenesis, are important. Ni is classified as a toxic heavy metal. In addition, it could be carcinogenic to humans. Ni level was two times higher in the papillomatosis group than in the healthy animals, in the present study. This result may indicate that Ni has a role in the genesis of papillomatosis in cattle. Si injection can cause inflammation, granulomas and cancer. There are few reports about Si levels in animals and the significant difference in the Si levels in cattle with cutaneous papillomatosis reported in this study may be a new indicator for the disease. The skin contains antioxidant molecules that include GSH, alpha-tocopherol or vitamin E, ascorbic acid or vitamin C, glutathione peroxidases, glutathione reductase, glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), superoxide dismutases (SODs), CAT and quinine reductase. There is strong interaction between ROS and/or their oxidant products and antioxidant molecules in the skin. In this study, although MDA levels were higher in the study group than in the control group, there was no significant difference between the groups in their CAT levels, and also in the GSH and CP levels. In conclusion, these results may evidence the systemic effects of papillomatosis on trace element levels and on oxidant metabolism in cattle

Effects of combination of asetylmethionine, L-carnitine, vitamin E and vitamin B12 on clinical, haematological and biochemical parameters in cattle

Bu çalışmada asetilmetiyonin, l-karnitin, vitamin E ve vitamin B12 kombinasyonunun sığırlarda bazı klinik, hematolojk ve biyokimyasal parametreler üzerine etkisinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlandı. Çalışmada, çeşitli stres faktörlerine maruz kalmış, klinik olarak genel vücut kondisyonu iyi olmayan, durgun, halsiz, iştahsız ve çevreye ilgisi azalmış 32 adet sığır kullanıldı. Hayvanlara asetilmetiyonin, l-karnitin, vitamin E ve vitamin B12 içeren bir ticari ürün (Metabolase Forte, FATRO-VETAŞ) 100 kg canlı ağırlığa 5 ml dozda, kas içi yolla günde bir defa olmak üzere 7 gün süre ile uygulandı. Hayvanların ilaç uygulanmasından önce ve sonra klinik muayenesi yapılarak, genel durum bozukluğu, kıl örtüsünde düzensizlik, çevreye ilgisizlik/depresyon, iştah durumları skorlanarak (0=yok, 4=çok şiddetli) değerlendirildi. Yine ilaç uygulaması öncesi ve sonrasında antikoagülanlı ve boş tüplere hematolojik ve biyokimyasal değerlendirmeler amacıyla kan alındı. Formül lökosit tablosu ile karaciğer fonksiyonları için serum ALT, AST, total protein ve kolesterol değerleri belirlendi. Ayrıca hayvanlardaki antioksidan metabolizma hakkında değerlendirme yapmak amacıyla serum MDA ve seruloplazmin düzeyleri tespit edildi. Çalışma sonunda hematokrit değer, alyuvar ve akyuvar sayıları ile total protein seviyesinde ilaç öncesi ve sonrasında istatistiksel olarak fark tespit edilirken (p0.05). Çalışmada, tedavi öncesi 2.44±0.13 olan ortalama klinik skor tedavi sonrası 0.26±0.07 olarak bulundu. Tedavi öncesi ve sonrası yapılan klinik değerlendirmelerde hayvanların 28 adedinde (%87.5) başlangıçta incelenen parametreler yönünden 3 ve 4 olan klinik skorların tedavi sonrası 1’in altına düştüğü belirlendi. Bu hayvanların klinik olarak iyi derecede iyileştikleri kabul edildi.In this study, evaluation of the effects of asetylmethionine, l-carnitine, vitamin E and vitamin B12 combination on some clinical, haematological and biochemical parameters in cattle was aimed. Thirty two animals, which were affected by various stressors, clinically weakness body condition, dullness, drooping, anorexic and apathetic, were used in the study. A commercial product which contained asetylmethionine, l-carnitine, vitamin E and vitamin B12 was administrated 5 ml/100 kg b.w. once a day for 7 days via intramuscularly. General clinical examinations were made in the all animals before and after the drug applications and disorders of general condition and feather, apathy/signs of depression, appetite were scored (0=absent, 4=very severe). Also, blood samples were collected into empty and anticoagulant contained tubes for haematological and biochemical evaluations before and after the drug applications. Differential leukocyte and serum ALT, AST, total protein and total cholesterol levels for liver functions were determined. In addition, serum malondialdehit (MDA) and seruloplasmin levels were determined to evaluate antioxidant metabolism. After the study, microhaematocrit, red blood cell, white blood cells counts and total protein levels before and after treatment were found to be significant (p&lt;0.05). But other haematological and biochemical parameters were not found statistically different (p&gt;0.05). In the study, mean clinical score was determined 2.44&plusmn;0.13 before the treatment and 0.26&plusmn;0.07 after the treatment. In the evaluation of clinical examinations before and after the treatment, investigated clinical scores of 28 animals (87.5%) were found 3 and 4 before the treatment and less than 1 after the treatment. Satisfactory clinical recovery was considered in these animals

Anayol yakınında yaşayan sığırlarda kan ağır metal, iz element seviyeleri ve antioksidan metabolizma arasındaki ilişkinin değerlendirilmesi

In this study, detection of a possible relationship of some trace element levels of copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and iron (Fe), toxic heavy metals, cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb), and antioxidant functions in cattle, which are living near the trunk roads for at least 3 years, was aimed. Totally, 70 cattle, which were in diff erent herds, were used. Fifty-four cattle (3-13 years), which were living near the trunk roads at about 0-500 m were used for the experiment group. Also, 16 cattle (3-12 years), which were living far from trunk roads at about 2-3 km were used for the control groups. Blood samples were collected and Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn, Fe levels, lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidative defense system indicators, erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, catalase (CAT) activity, and plasma ceruloplasmin (CP) level were measured. Cd and Pb levels of the experimental animals were determined to be higher than the control group (P&lt;0.01 and P&lt;0.001, respectively). However, Zn level of the experiment group was found lower than the control animals (P&lt;0.001). MDA increased about three times and CP increased about two times more than the control group (P&lt;0.001). Significantly correlations were observed among Pb, MDA and CP levels. Also, important correlations were found between Fe and CP, also Cu and MDA levels. Besides, MDA and CAT levels of the animals increased with CP and SOD together, respectively. At the end of the study, Cd and Pb accumulation was observed in cattle, which were living near the road with intensive traffic for at least three years when compared with the control group. In addition, the results showed significant interactions among toxic heavy metals, physiological trace elements, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants and the lipid peroxidation.Bu çalışmada, en az 3 yıldır anayol kenarında yaşayan sığırlarda bakır (Cu), çinko (Zn) ve demir (Fe) gibi bazı iz elementler, zehirli ağır metallerden olan kadmiyum (Cd) ve kurşun (Pb) ve antioksidan fonksiyonlar arasındaki olası ilişkinin tespit edilmesi amaçlandı. Çalışmada farklı ahırlarda yaşayan toplam 70 besi sığırı kullanıldı. Ana yola 0-500 metre mesafede yaşayan 54 (3-13 yaşlarında) sığır araştırma grubu olarak kullanıldı. Ana yola 2-3 km mesafede yaşayan 16 (3-12 yaşlarında) sığır ise kontrol grubunu oluşturdu. Hayvanlardan kan örnekleri toplandı ve Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn, Fe seviyeleri, lipid peroksidasyon göstergesi olan malondialdehid (MDA) ve antioksidasyon defans sistem indikatörleri olan eritrosit süperoksit dismutaz (SOD) aktivitesi, katalaz (CAT) aktivitesi ve plazma serüloplazmin (CP) seviyesi ölçüldü. Deneme grubu hayvanların Cd ve Pb seviyelerinin kontrol grubu hayvanlardan yüksek olduğu belirlendi (sırasıyla P<0.01 ve P<0.001). Bununla birlikte deneme grubunun Zn seviyesi kontrol grubundan düşük bulundu (P<0.001). MDA seviyesi kontrol grubundan yaklaşık üç kat, CP seviyesi ise yaklaşık iki kat daha yüksek tespit edildi (P<0.001). Pb ile MDA ve CP seviyeleri arasında gözle görülür şekilde bir ilişki olduğu gözlendi. Ayrıca, Fe ile CP ve Cu ile MDA arasında da önemli ölçüde korelasyon bulundu. Bunun yanında MDA ile CAT ve CP ile SOD seviyelerinin birlikte yükseldiği görüldü. Çalışma sonunda, anayol yakınında en az üç yıl yaşamış olan hayvanlarda, kontrol grubuyla karşılaştırıldığında Cd ve Pb birikimi olduğu gözlendi. Ayrıca, elde edilen sonuçlar zehirli ağır metaller, fizyolojik iz elementler, enzimatik ve enzimatik olmayan antioksidanlar ve lipid peroksidasyon göstergesi olan MDA arasında önemli düzeyde ilişki olduğunu gösterdi

Evaluation of the Relationship of Blood Heavy Metal, Trace Element Levels and Antioxidative Metabolism in Cattle Which Are Living Near The Trunk Roads

In this study, detection of a possible relationship of some trace element levels of copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and iron (Fe), toxic heavy metals, cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb), and antioxidant functions in cattle, which are living near the trunk roads for at least 3 years, was aimed. Totally, 70 cattle, which were in different herds, were used. Fifty-four cattle (3-13 years), which were living near the trunk roads at about 0-500 m were used for the experiment group. Also, 16 cattle (3-12 years), which were living far from trunk roads at about 2-3 km were used for the control groups. Blood samples were collected and Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn, Fe levels, lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidative defense system indicators, erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, catalase (CAT) activity, and plasma ceruloplasmin (CP) level were measured. Cd and Pb levels of the experimental animals were determined to be higher than the control group (P<0.01 and P<0.001, respectively). However, Zn level of the experiment group was found lower than the control animals (P<0.001). MDA increased about three times and CP increased about two times more than the control group (P<0.001). Significantly correlations were observed among Pb, MDA and CP levels. Also, important correlations were found between Fe and CP, also Cu and MDA levels. Besides, MDA and CAT levels of the animals increased with CP and SOD together, respectively. At the end of the study, Cd and Pb accumulation was observed in cattle, which were living near the road with intensive traffic for at least three years when compared with the control group. In addition, the results showed significant interactions among toxic heavy metals, physiological trace elements, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants and the lipid peroxidation

Evaluation of Trace Element Levels and Antioxidant Metabolism in Cattle with Cutaneous Papillomatosis

Background: Cutaneous papillomas are benign proliferative neoplasms. The aetiology and pathogenesis of the disease are very complex. Papillomatosis lesions can be detected anywhere on the body, frequently appearing on the surface of the head, neck, teats, udder, external genital mucosa and upper part of the gastrointestinal tract. The disease is not life threatening but due to loss of productivity, owners often cull animals with papillomatosis. The relationships between trace elements, heavy metals and cancer are still researching. The aim of this study was the evaluation of the relationships between trace elements and antioxidant metabolism, and cutaneous papillomatosis, in cattle

Species diversity, mating type assays and aggressiveness patterns of Monilinia pathogens causing brown rot of peach fruit in Turkey

Brown rot disease caused by fungal species from theMonilinia genus has recently been observed as one of the most importantlimiting factors for yield and quality of peach fruits in Turkey. During Juneand July of 2018, field trips to different peach orchards were performed in sixprovinces located in four different geographical regions of Turkey. One hundredand twenty-nine isolates were obtained from the diseased fruits, and of those,109 were identified as Monilinia fructicola, whereas 20 were M. laxa accordingto the species-specific molecular markers. Mating types of the isolates weredetected by PCR assays using primers designed in this study. Each isolaterepresented only one of the mating type genes. Overall data sets presented 1:1ratio of mating types for both species, indicating a possible sexualreproduction. No polymorphisms were detected in partial sequences of matingtype genes. The isolates were in vitro tested for their pathogenicity using applefruits as a host and aggressiveness were evaluated at different time pointsusing lesion sizes. Monilinia laxa was found more aggressive than M.fructicola. Moreover, M. fructicola isolates displayed larger colony growthcompared to M. laxa isolates. However, no significant correlation was detectedbetween the colony growth rates and virulence. This study is the first to demonstratebrown rot pathogens of peach fruit in Turkey and identifies different aspectsof the pathogens, which would be useful in containment of pathogen spread andcomparison with other populations of these pathogens worldwide, and suggests anew set of mating type markers for these species.</p

Epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of neonates with late-onset COVID-19: 1-year data of Turkish Neonatal Society

© 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.The literature on neonates with SARS-CoV-2 is mainly concerned with perinatal cases, and scanty data are available about environmentally infected neonates. To fill knowledge gaps on the course and prognosis of neonatal cases, we analyzed 1-year data from the Turkish Neonatal Society in this prospective cohort study of neonates with postnatal transmission. Data from 44 neonatal intensive care units (NICUs), of neonates with positive RT-PCR results at days 5–28 of life, were extracted from the online registry system and analyzed. Of 176 cases, most were term infants with normal birth weight. Fever was the most common symptom (64.2%), followed by feeding intolerance (25.6%), and cough (21.6%). The median length of hospitalization was 9 days, with approximately one quarter of infants receiving some type of ventilatory support. Myocarditis (5.7%) was the most common complication during follow-up. Among the clinical findings, cough (odds ratio [OR]: 9.52, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.17–21.71), tachypnea (OR: 26.5, 95% CI: 9.59–73.19), and chest retractions (OR: 27.5, 95% CI: 5.96–126.96) were associated with more severe clinical disease. Also, there were significant differences in the C-reactive protein level, prothrombin time (PT), partial thromboplastin time, international normalized ratio, and days in the NICU (p = 0.002, p = 0.012, p = 0.034, p = 0.008, and p < 0.001, respectively) between patients with mild-moderate and severe-critical presentations. A PT above 14 s was a significant predictor of severe/critical cases, with a sensitivity of 64% and specificity of 73%. Conclusions: Our data showed that late-onset COVID-19 infection in neonates who need hospitalization can be severe, showing associations with high rates of ventilatory support and myocarditis. Cough, tachypnea, and retractions on admission suggest a severe disease course. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04401540.What is Known:• Neonatal cases of COVID-19 infection are mainly reported as perinatal COVID-19 cases.• Neonates with perinatal transmission have a mild course and favorable prognosis.What is New:• Among symptomatic neonates with late-onset COVID-19 infection, fever was the most common symptom, and almost one quarter of hospitalized cases needed some type of respiratory support. Myocarditis was the most common complication.• The presence of cough, tachypnea, retractions, and a PT above 14 s were associated with an increased risk of severe COVID-19