"Herr, vergib mir!" - Schuld und Vergebung im Christentum und Islam

Das Verhältnis zwischen Gott und Mensch wird sowohl im katholischen Christentum als auch im Islam durch das fehlerhafte Verhalten des Menschen beeinträchtigt und verletzt. Basierend auf das jeweilige Schuldverständnis wurde in beiden Religionen der Weg der (Wieder-) Versöhnung mit Gott theologisch aufbereitet und dargestellt. Diese Theologien führen auf ihre jeweils eigene Art wieder zu Gott und ermöglichen seine Freundschaft, was für den sündhaften Gläubigen Hoffnung und Zuversicht beinhaltet und seine existentielle Sorge um seine Seele nimmt. Auf diese Weise bietet der jeweilige Glaube sowohl dem Katholiken als auch dem Muslim seelsorgerlichen Halt und Trost und lässt ihn auf ein glückliches Ende hoffen

Comparison between Right and Left Hemisphere Lesion of Stroke Patients for Functional Gait Assessment

Objective: To compared the functional gait among left and right hemisphere lesion patients of stroke. Methods: This cross sectional comparative study included 126 patients with right and left sided hemispheric lesion. The study was conducted from December 2019 to March 2020. Patients were selected consecutively from different hospitals and rehabilitation centers of Lahore, Pakistan on the basis of inclusion & exclusion criteria. Functional gait assessment (FGA) scale was used to measure functional gait performance and disturbance related to balance in stroke patients. Independent sample t-test was used for comparison of functional gait between left and right hemispheric lesions. A p-value ≤ .05 was taken statistically significant. Results: A total of 126 patients of stroke with right and left sided hemisphere lesion were assessed for functional gait assessment. The mean age of patients in group A and B was 54.19±8.54 years and 51.46±8.57 years, respectively. The mean weight of patients in group A and B was 61.95±8.82 kg and 58.67±5.83 kg, respectively. Functional gait assessment mean score in group A was 12.56±2.60 and in group B was 15.59±4.17 points with p-value of 0.001. There was a significant difference of FGA scores present between the two groups. Conclusions: The study concluded that ambulatory functions differ with respect to site of hemisphere lesion. The site of hemisphere lesion impact on patient's functional gait has statistically significant

Effect of early tranexamic acid administration on mortality, hysterectomy, and other morbidities in women with post-partum haemorrhage (WOMAN): an international, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Background Post-partum haemorrhage is the leading cause of maternal death worldwide. Early administration of tranexamic acid reduces deaths due to bleeding in trauma patients. We aimed to assess the effects of early administration of tranexamic acid on death, hysterectomy, and other relevant outcomes in women with post-partum haemorrhage. Methods In this randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, we recruited women aged 16 years and older with a clinical diagnosis of post-partum haemorrhage after a vaginal birth or caesarean section from 193 hospitals in 21 countries. We randomly assigned women to receive either 1 g intravenous tranexamic acid or matching placebo in addition to usual care. If bleeding continued after 30 min, or stopped and restarted within 24 h of the first dose, a second dose of 1 g of tranexamic acid or placebo could be given. Patients were assigned by selection of a numbered treatment pack from a box containing eight numbered packs that were identical apart from the pack number. Participants, care givers, and those assessing outcomes were masked to allocation. We originally planned to enrol 15 000 women with a composite primary endpoint of death from all-causes or hysterectomy within 42 days of giving birth. However, during the trial it became apparent that the decision to conduct a hysterectomy was often made at the same time as randomisation. Although tranexamic acid could influence the risk of death in these cases, it could not affect the risk of hysterectomy. We therefore increased the sample size from 15 000 to 20 000 women in order to estimate the effect of tranexamic acid on the risk of death from post-partum haemorrhage. All analyses were done on an intention-to-treat basis. This trial is registered with ISRCTN76912190 (Dec 8, 2008); ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00872469; and PACTR201007000192283. Findings Between March, 2010, and April, 2016, 20 060 women were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive tranexamic acid (n=10 051) or placebo (n=10 009), of whom 10 036 and 9985, respectively, were included in the analysis. Death due to bleeding was significantly reduced in women given tranexamic acid (155 [1·5%] of 10 036 patients vs 191 [1·9%] of 9985 in the placebo group, risk ratio [RR] 0·81, 95% CI 0·65–1·00; p=0·045), especially in women given treatment within 3 h of giving birth (89 [1·2%] in the tranexamic acid group vs 127 [1·7%] in the placebo group, RR 0·69, 95% CI 0·52–0·91; p=0·008). All other causes of death did not differ significantly by group. Hysterectomy was not reduced with tranexamic acid (358 [3·6%] patients in the tranexamic acid group vs 351 [3·5%] in the placebo group, RR 1·02, 95% CI 0·88–1·07; p=0·84). The composite primary endpoint of death from all causes or hysterectomy was not reduced with tranexamic acid (534 [5·3%] deaths or hysterectomies in the tranexamic acid group vs 546 [5·5%] in the placebo group, RR 0·97, 95% CI 0·87-1·09; p=0·65). Adverse events (including thromboembolic events) did not differ significantly in the tranexamic acid versus placebo group. Interpretation Tranexamic acid reduces death due to bleeding in women with post-partum haemorrhage with no adverse effects. When used as a treatment for postpartum haemorrhage, tranexamic acid should be given as soon as possible after bleeding onset. Funding London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Pfizer, UK Department of Health, Wellcome Trust, and Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation

Effects of a high-dose 24-h infusion of tranexamic acid on death and thromboembolic events in patients with acute gastrointestinal bleeding (HALT-IT): an international randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Background: Tranexamic acid reduces surgical bleeding and reduces death due to bleeding in patients with trauma. Meta-analyses of small trials show that tranexamic acid might decrease deaths from gastrointestinal bleeding. We aimed to assess the effects of tranexamic acid in patients with gastrointestinal bleeding. Methods: We did an international, multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled trial in 164 hospitals in 15 countries. Patients were enrolled if the responsible clinician was uncertain whether to use tranexamic acid, were aged above the minimum age considered an adult in their country (either aged 16 years and older or aged 18 years and older), and had significant (defined as at risk of bleeding to death) upper or lower gastrointestinal bleeding. Patients were randomly assigned by selection of a numbered treatment pack from a box containing eight packs that were identical apart from the pack number. Patients received either a loading dose of 1 g tranexamic acid, which was added to 100 mL infusion bag of 0·9% sodium chloride and infused by slow intravenous injection over 10 min, followed by a maintenance dose of 3 g tranexamic acid added to 1 L of any isotonic intravenous solution and infused at 125 mg/h for 24 h, or placebo (sodium chloride 0·9%). Patients, caregivers, and those assessing outcomes were masked to allocation. The primary outcome was death due to bleeding within 5 days of randomisation; analysis excluded patients who received neither dose of the allocated treatment and those for whom outcome data on death were unavailable. This trial was registered with Current Controlled Trials, ISRCTN11225767, and ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01658124. Findings: Between July 4, 2013, and June 21, 2019, we randomly allocated 12 009 patients to receive tranexamic acid (5994, 49·9%) or matching placebo (6015, 50·1%), of whom 11 952 (99·5%) received the first dose of the allocated treatment. Death due to bleeding within 5 days of randomisation occurred in 222 (4%) of 5956 patients in the tranexamic acid group and in 226 (4%) of 5981 patients in the placebo group (risk ratio [RR] 0·99, 95% CI 0·82–1·18). Arterial thromboembolic events (myocardial infarction or stroke) were similar in the tranexamic acid group and placebo group (42 [0·7%] of 5952 vs 46 [0·8%] of 5977; 0·92; 0·60 to 1·39). Venous thromboembolic events (deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism) were higher in tranexamic acid group than in the placebo group (48 [0·8%] of 5952 vs 26 [0·4%] of 5977; RR 1·85; 95% CI 1·15 to 2·98). Interpretation: We found that tranexamic acid did not reduce death from gastrointestinal bleeding. On the basis of our results, tranexamic acid should not be used for the treatment of gastrointestinal bleeding outside the context of a randomised trial

Comparison of SAME verses CIMT on upper-limb functions in chronic stroke: A Pilot Randomized Control Trial

Objective: To compare the effects of Same Arm Movement Therapy versus Constraint Induced Movement Therapy in improving upper-limb functions in patients of chronic stroke. Method: The pilot, assessor-blind, randomised control trial was conducted from February to September 2020 at the Spine and Physiotherapy Rehab Centre, Riphah Rehabilitation Centre, Lahore, Pakistan, and comprised patients of either gender aged 30-60 years having any type of stroke for a minimum 3 months. They were randomised into group A which received same arm movement therapy for 8 weeks of mental rehearsal of upper limb movements during 45min supervised sessions three times a week and structured independent sessions twice a week, and group B which received constrain induced movement therapy for eight weeks of daily intensive training of the affected extremity for two hours per day, five days per week for eight weeks in association with restriction of the non-affected extremity for 10 hours a day. Measurements were taken at baseline and post-intervention. Data was analysed using SPSS 21. Results: Of the 22 patients, 5(22.7%) were male and 17(77.3%) were female. The average age in group A was 54.91±5.89 years compared to 53.18±6.61 years in group B. All 22(100%) patients had ischemic stroke. Intragroup comparisons showed significant progress in both groups (p0.05). Conclusion: Both the study interventions had similar effect on upper limb functions among chronic stroke patients. Key Words: Stroke, Therapy, Upper limb, Functions, CIMT, SAME. Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials RCT20200620047848N1 https://www.irct.ir/trial/4905

Irregular labelings of helm and sun graphs

A vertex irregular total k-labeling of a (p,q)-graph G=(V,E) is a labeling ϕ:V∪E→{1,2,…,k} such that the weights of the vertices wt(v)=ϕ(v)+∑uv∈Eϕ(uv) are different for all vertices. The total vertex irregularity strength tvs(G) is the minimum k for which G has a vertex irregular total k-labeling. The labeling ϕ is an edge irregular total k-labeling if for any two distinct edges e1=u1v1 and e2=u2v2, one has wt(e1)≠wt(e2) where wt(e1)=ϕ(u1)+ϕ(v1)+ϕ(u1v1). The total edge irregularity strength tes(G) is the minimum k for which G has an edge irregular total k-labeling. In this paper we determine tes(G) where G is the generalized helm and tvs(G) where G is the generalized sun graph

Degree-Distance Based Topological Indices of Crystal Cubic Carbon Structure

Chemical graph theory comprehends the basic properties of an atomic graph. The sub-atomic diagrams are the graphs that are comprised of particles called vertices and the covalent bond between them are called edges. The eccentricity ϵ u of vertex u in an associated graph G, is the separation among u and a vertex farthermost from u. In this article, we consider the precious stone structure of cubic carbon and registered Eccentric-connectivity index ξ ( G ) , Eccentric connectivity polynomial E C P ( G , x ) and Connective Eccentric index C ξ ( G ) of gem structure of cubic carbon for n-levels

Impact of perceived social support on psychological resilience: a comparison between medical and surgical postgraduate residents

Objective: To identify the predictable relationship and differences between perceived social support and psychological resilience among medical and surgical postgraduate residents. Method: The analytical cross-sectional study was conducted from July to September 2021 at Dr Ruth K.M. Pfau Civil Hospital, Karachi, and comprised postgraduate medical and surgical residents of either gender. Data was collected using validated self-administered questionnaires. Data was analysed using SPSS 22. Results: Of the 200 residents, 100(50%) were medical residents and 100(50%) were surgery residents. Besides, 161 (80.5%) were females and 39(19.5%) were males. The overall mean age was 27.57+2.13 years. Mean perceive social support score was 62.53+15.41 and mean score for psychological resilience was 70.40+13.73. Perceived social support was a significant predictor of resilience (p=0.0001). Medical residents scored significantly higher (p=0.034) on perceived social support compared to residents from surgery departments. Marital status, residency year, and birth order in the family significantly differed with reference to perceived social support and resilience (p<0.05). Conclusion: There was a favourable role of perceived social support in building resilience among postgraduate residents. Key Words: Social support, Psychological resilience, Internship and residents, Teaching hospital

A Family of Optimal Eighth Order Iteration Functions for Multiple Roots and Its Dynamics

In this manuscript, we present a new general family of optimal iterative methods for finding multiple roots of nonlinear equations with known multiplicity using weight functions. An extensive convergence analysis is presented to verify the optimal eighth order convergence of the new family. Some special cases of the family are also presented which require only three functions and one derivative evaluation at each iteration to reach optimal eighth order convergence. A variety of numerical test functions along with some real-world problems such as beam designing model and Van der Waals’ equation of state are presented to ensure that the newly developed family efficiently competes with the other existing methods. The dynamical analysis of the proposed methods is also presented to validate the theoretical results by using graphical tools, termed as the basins of attraction

Embedding of Supplementary Results in Strong EMT Valuations and Strength

A graph ℘ is said to be edge-magic total (EMT if there is a bijection Υ : V(℘) ∪ E(℘) → {1, 2, …, |V(℘) ∪ E(℘)|} s.t., Υ(υ) + Υ(υν) + Υ(ν) is a constant for every edge υν ∈ E(℘). An EMT graph ℘ will be called strong edge-magic total (SEMT) if Υ(V(℘)) = {1, 2, …, |V(℘)|}. The SEMT strength, sm(℘), of a graph ℘ is the minimum of all magic constants a(Υ), where the minimum runs over all the SEMT valuations of ℘, this minimum is defined only if the graph has at least one such SEMT valuation. Furthermore, the SEMT deficiency of a graph ℘, μs(℘), is either the minimum non-negative integer n such that ℘ ∪ nK1 is SEMT or +∞ if there will be no such integer n. In this paper, we will present the strong edge-magicness and deficiency of disjoint union of 2-sided generalized comb with bistar, path and caterpillar, moreover we will evaluate the SEMT strength for 2-sided generalized comb