“A luta de classes não é um jogo”: a concepção relacional de classe em Daniel Bensaïd.

While Daniel Bensaïd’s writings on Marxism, socialist strategy, and historical temporality have gained increased attention in the years since his passing, there remain relatively few accounts of his thinking on class. This article seeks to correct that gap by situating Bensaïd’s various texts on class theory in relation to other key reconceptualizations of class in the Marxist tradition that sought to avoid sociological determinism: E. P. Thompson’s lens of class formation and the Italian Workerists’ methodology of class composition. In tracing these connections, we argue that Bensaïd’s conception of class is at once historically grounded and attuned to the open-ended conflictuality and multiple terrains of class struggle. Aunque los escritos de Daniel Bensaïd sobre el marxismo, la estrategia socialista y la temporalidad histórica atrajeron más atención en los años posteriores a su muerte, todavía se han habido pocos intentos de examinar su análisis de clase. Este artículo tiene la intención de corregir este vacío situando los diversos textos de Bensaïd sobre la teoría de clases con otras reinterpretaciones de clase en la tradición marxista que buscan evitar el determinismo sociológico: la perspectiva de formación de clase en E. P. Thompson y la metodología de composición de clase en el operaismo italiano. Al rastrear estos vínculos, sugerimos que la concepción de Bensaïd de la clase está históricamente arraigada y está atenta a la conflictualidad abierta y los múltiples terrenos de la lucha de clases.Bien que les écrits de Daniel Bensaïd autour de Marxisme, la stratégie socialiste, et la temporalité historique aient attirés plus d’attention dans les années suivant son décès, il y a eu quand même peu des tentatives d’examiner son analyse de classe. Cet article vise à corriger ce vide en situant les textes diverses de Bensaïd sur la théorie de classes avec autres réinterprétations de classe dans la tradition Marxiste qui cherchent d’éviter un déterminisme sociologique: l’optique de la formation de classe chez E. P. Thompson et la méthodologie de la composition de classe dans l'opéraïsme italien. En traçant ces liaisons, nous suggérons que la conception de la classe chez Bensaïd est à la fois enracinée historiquement et attentive à la conflictualité ouverte et terrains multiples de la lutte des classes.Ainda que os escritos de Daniel Bensaïd sobre marxismo, a estratégia socialista e a temporalidade histórica tenham atraído mais atenção nos anos que se seguiram à sua morte, houve poucas tentativas de examinar sua análise de classe. Este artigo pretende corrigir essa lacuna situando os vários textos de Bensaïd sobre a teoria de classes com outras reinterpretações de classe na tradição marxista que buscam evitar o determinismo sociológico, a saber: a perspectiva da formação de classes em E. P. Thompson e a metodologia de composição de classe no operaísmo italiano. Ao traçar essas articulações, sugerimos que a concepção de classe de Bensaïd está historicamente enraizada e atenta ao conflito aberto e aos múltiplos terrenos da luta de classes

The Politics of Social Reproduction. An Introduction

This introduction speaks to political struggle and transformation on the terrain of social reproduction, as presented by the contributors to this special edition of CLCWeb. The concerns of this special issue include critical analysis of international, national and local policies contributing to the gendered, class and racialized dimensions of social reproduction; the articulation of mass movements around social reproductive needs and demands; insurgent forms of care, commoning and autonomous life-making from below and from the margins; the imbrication of immigration, racialization and social reproduction; coalition building between labor and reproductive struggles; ecological and human life between and beyond capitalist forms, and the collective ethical and affective possibilities arising through the lived experience of reproducing struggles. While our introduction highlights the multiplicity of methods and experiences presented by our contributors, we also offer a synthetic perspective on the politics of social reproduction grounded in both mass struggle and transformative practices of community care in the midst of crisis and possibility

The effectiveness of cultural competence education in enhancing knowledge acquisition, performance, attitudes, and student satisfaction among undergraduate health science students:a scoping review

Purpose Cultural competence in healthcare assists in the delivery of culturally sensitive and high-quality services. This scoping review aims to provide an overview of the available evidence and to examine the effectiveness of classroom-based intervention strategies used to enhance the cultural competence of undergraduate health science students. Methods A comprehensive and systematic literature search was undertaken in databases, including Cochrane Library, Medline, and Emcare. Articles were eligible if they employed an experimental study design to assess classroom-based cultural competency education for university students across the health science disciplines. Two reviewers independently screened and extracted relevant data pertaining to study and participant characteristics using a charting table. The outcomes included knowledge, attitudes, skills, and perceived benefits. Results Ten studies were analysed. Diverse approaches to cultural education exist in terms of the mode, frequency, and duration of interventions. For the knowledge outcome, students who experienced cultural education interventions yielded higher post-test scores than their baseline cultural knowledge, but without a significant difference from the scores of students who did not receive interventions. Data relating to the skills domain demonstrated positive effects for students after experiencing interventions. Overall, students were satisfied with their experiences and demonstrated improvements in confidence and attitudes towards culturally competent practice. Conclusion Across health science disciplines, cultural competency interventions were shown to be effective in enhancing knowledge acquisition, performance of skills, attitudes, and student satisfaction. Future research is necessary to address the significant absence of control arms in the current literature, and to assess long-term effects and patient-related outcomes

Simulation-based education for medical radiation students:A scoping review

Simulation‐based education is a significant aspect of teaching clinical skills in tertiary medical radiation science programmes, allowing students to experience the clinical setting in a safe environment. As an educational tool, simulation exists in many valid forms including role play, interprofessional simulation and virtual reality simulation. This scoping review looks at the current literature in this field to identify the evidence surrounding simulation‐based education for medical radiation students. The purpose of this review is to provide an evidence‐based guide for educators, identify gaps in the literature and suggest areas of future research. Data extraction was performed on 33 articles where the interventions could be categorised into either role play simulation, virtual simulation, simulation videos or online learning environments. Most studies demonstrated that simulation could improve clinical competence and increase preparedness and confidence for clinical placement. Student satisfaction remained high throughout the studies; however, it is the view of many that although simulation‐based education is a valid and effective tool, it is complementary to and not a replacement for clinical placement

Wearing Virtue: Plato’s Republic V, 449a-457b and the Socratic Debate on Women’s Nature

In Plato’s Republic V, 449a-457b, Socrates argues that the guardian class of Kallipolis will comprise both men and women and that women with the appropriate nature ought to receive the same education and fulfill the same tasks as their male counterparts. In this article I argue, against competing interpretations of this claim as dependent either on the necessity of abolishing the oikos or on eugenic principles, that Socrates’ argument ought to be understood as a genuine argument about women’s natural capabilities and ought to be interpreted in light of the Socratic debate about women’s virtues. Moreover, I show that the legal language mobilized, combined with polemical references to Aristophanes, serves the purpose of evoking Socrates’ trial, thus alerting the reader to the seriousness of the proposal in question

Feminist solidarity building as embodied agonism: An ethnographic account of a protest movement

Feminist solidarity, after early and idealistic conceptions of an all‐encompassing sisterhood, has become preoccupied with understanding and theorising differences between women. This study develops an account of solidarity as embodied agonism, where difference and contest are experienced and negotiated through the body. Difference and contest are reframed within feminist solidarity projects as resources for, rather than inhibitors to, generating collective agency. This is done through an ethnography of a protest movement in Montenegro, which drew together diverse groups of women, and bring our data into conversation with theories of agonistic democratic practice and embodied performativity. Embodied agonistic solidarity is theorised as a participative and inclusive endeavour driven by conflictual encounters, constituted through the bodies, language and visual imagery of assembling and articulating subjects. Our account of solidarity is presented as constituted through three dimensions, each of which represents a different emphasis on sensory experience: exposing, which is to make one's body open to the hardship of others, enabling alliances between unlikely allies to emerge; citing, which is to draw on others’ symbolic resources and to publicly affirm them; inhabiting, which is to embody the deprivations of others, enabling alliances to grow and persist

Feminist Solidarities: Theoretical and Practical Complexities

This article considers the resurgence of interest in feminist solidarity in theory and practice in the contemporary moment in the United States and UK. What does feminist solidarity mean, what forms is it taking, and how might it proliferate? We begin by mapping the changing inflections of solidarity in recent feminist cultural theory, highlighting the range of theoretical components, investments and emphases. Next, we consider the various forms of solidarity presented and created by the Women’s March and the Women’s Strike, analysing the differences in terms of the extent of their reach and their political economy. We argue that both phenomena can be understood as reactions to, firstly, several decades of neoliberal impoverishment, which have now exposed neoliberal iterations of feminism as fundamentally inadequate; and secondly, and relatedly, the arrival of misogynistic and reactionary forms of nationalism. Finally, we show that different approaches to feminist solidarity, as well as an expansion of alliances, are necessary in order to extend contemporary feminism as an effective and large‐scale project. We therefore argue that feminist solidarity needs to retain its genealogical roots in left politics whilst being as plural as possible in practice

More than the “Wife Corps”: Female Tenant Farmer Struggle in 1920s Japan

AbstractStruggles over social reproduction intensified and took on new forms in Japan during the interwar period, as the state found it increasingly difficult to secure the foundations for the continued accumulation of capital. Landlord-tenant disputes that erupted nationwide in the midst of Japan's post-World War I agricultural recession was one concrete manifestation of these struggles. While the significance of tenant disputes has been analyzed in great detail by scholars, there has been a surprising lack of historical scholarship on the role that female tenant farmers played within them. This absence is a manifestation of two tendencies: First, gendered assumptions surrounding the figure of the tenant farmer have led scholars of agrarian social movements to work from a relatively limited understanding of what constitutes struggle and by extension, who its protagonists have been. Second, the conflation of waged work as productive work and by extension, non-waged work as unproductive has unwittingly relegated many forms of struggle that working women participated in to the realm of the pre-political. This paper contends that far from being mere supporters – the wife corps – of what was ultimately a male-driven movement, female participants in tenant disputes produced their own powerful critiques of the way that the Japanese state and capital undervalued their lives and labor. As such, they should be understood as one link in a rich history of proletarian feminist struggle both within and outside of the Japanese empire