La "dimensión comunitaria" en Servicios Sociales. Una aproximación a su tratamiento en barrios vulnerables

This article analyzes the importance that the community-based approach has taken in modern Social Services. In the first part, the evolution that the subject has experienced since configuration of these mechanisms up to the current time is described. The second part focuses on the practical implementation of community work, using the perceptions and speeches of Social Service professionals in vulnerable neighborhoods in a large city of the Andalusian region as supporting evidence. The final part plumbs the mentality which characterizes community intervention while identifying the limits and contributions of professionals seeking its improvement.Este artículo actualiza el tratamiento que el enfoque comunitario ha tenido en los Servicios Sociales modernos. En la primera parte se narra el tratamiento que el asunto ha tenido desde que se configuron estos dispositivos hasta el tiempo actual. En un segundo momento se detiene en la aplicación práctica del trabajo comunitario, utilizando como soporte las percepciones y discursos de los profesionales de Servicios Sociales de los barrios vulnerables de una gran ciudad andaluza. En la parte final indaga en las lógicas que han caracterizado la intervención comunitaria, identificando los límites y aportaciones que, orientadas a su mejora, hacen los profesionales

An Approach to Social Service Systems in Europe: The Spanish Case

This chapter endeavors to develop an attempt at characterizing the social service system in Europe, serving three areas that we understand to be present in different system models but with different logics. The first has to do with the different denominations and ways of defining social services in each country. The second refers to the logic that legitimizes it, referring to its objects and purposes, as well as the type of needs and population groups that are targeted. The third area addresses issues of governance, the way it structures its devices and the relationships it establishes between the different levels of government and the main actors (the third sector, families, and the market). Having established this characterization (following this logic), we arrive at the Spanish case, trying to analyze its current model from legislative transformations that it has developed as well as trends and processes that the system has been generating as a result of the socioeconomic crisis, which have led to the modification of its profiles and demands. Finally, we take a rudimentary approach to the different challenges that we claim the Spanish Public System of Social Services must cope with in the current context

Computer Tool for Automatically Generated 3D Illustration in Real Time from Archaeological Scanned Pieces

[EN] The graphical documentation process of archaeological pieces requires the active involvement of a professional artist to recreate beautiful illustrations using a wide variety of expressive techniques. Frequently, the artist’s work is limited by the inconvenience of working only with the photographs of the pieces he is going to illustrate. This paper presents a software tool that allows the easy generation of illustrations in real time from 3D scanned models. The developed interface allows the user to simulate very elaborate artistic styles through the creation of diagrams by using the available virtual lights. The software processes the diagrams to render an illustration from any given angle or position. Among the available virtual lights, there are well known techniques as silhouettes enhancement, hatching or toon shading.[ES] El proceso de documentación gráfica de piezas arqueológicas requiere de la participación de un artista capaz de recrear ilustraciones empleando distintas técnicas expresivas. A menudo, la labor del artista se ve limitada por la inconveniencia de trabajar únicamente con fotografías de las piezas a ilustrar. En este artículo se presenta una herramienta informática que permite generar, de una forma sencilla e intuitiva, ilustraciones en tiempo real a partir de modelos 3D escaneados. La interfaz desarrollada permite al usuario simular elaborados estilos artísticos mediante la composición de esquemas de luces virtuales que el computador procesa para generar ilustraciones desde cualquier posición o ángulo. Entre las luces virtuales implementadas se encuentran técnicas bien conocidas como el dibujado de contornos, el rayado o el sombreado plano.Thanks to the Consejería de Innovación y Empresa of the Junta de Andalucía that has partially funded this article through the project of excellence PE09-TIC-5276Consejería de Innovación y Empresa of the Junta de Andalucía PE09-TIC-5276López, L.; Arroyo, G.; Martín, D. (2012). Computer Tool for Automatically Generated 3D Illustration in Real Time from Archaeological Scanned Pieces. Virtual Archaeology Review. 3(6):73-77. https://doi.org/10.4995/var.2012.4447OJS737736DECAUDIN, P. (1996): "Rendu de scènes 3D imitant le style ", Rapport de Recherche 2919, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique.DOSS, J. (2008): "Inking the Cube: Edge Detection with DIRECT 3D 10, [online] http://software.intel.com/en-us/articles/inking-thecube- edge-detection-with-direct3d-10/FREUDENBERG, B. (2003): Stroke-based Real-Time Halftoning Rendering. Ph. D. thesis, University of Magdeburg.HERMOSILLA, P. et al. (2009): "Single Pass GPU Stylized Edges", IV Iberoamerican Symposium in Computer Graphics - SIACG, pp. 1-8.LAKE, A. et al. (2000): "Stylized Rendering Techniques for Scalable Real-Time 3D Animation", NPAR2000: First International Symposium on Non-Photorealistic Animation and Rendering. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/340916.340918MARTIN, D. et al. (2001): "Rendering Silhouettes with Virtual Lights". Computer Graphics Forum, vol. 20, nº 4, pp. 271-282. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8659.00554ROST, R. J. et al (2009): "Open GL Shading Language 3rd Edition". Addison-Wesley.

Generation of automatic stippling illustrations from photographs for documenting archaeological pieces

[EN] Hand-made stippling has been used frequently in the process of drawing illustrations for documenting archaeological pieces. This is due to the fact that this technique represents in an efficient way shapes, tones, and textures, by means of distributing dots on the paper. The process of stippling has needed traditionally the ability of an artist, who usually produces the illustration from photographs. In this paper, a program that generates stippling illustrations of high quality is presented. The developed interface makes possible that any user can generate illustrations without the need of artistic abilities. The program is able to work in realtime, allowing the user interacts with the program. We have developed several artistic techniques in high level tasks that allow to improve the final results.[ES] El punteado manual se ha utilizado frecuentemente en el proceso de ilustración para documentar piezas arqueológicas. Esto se debe a que esta técnica es capaz de representar de forma eficiente formas, tonalidades y texturas mediante la distribución de puntos en un papel. Estas ilustraciones requieren las habilidades de un artista, el cual utiliza fotografías para realizarlas. En este artículo se presenta un software que genera ilustraciones punteadas de alta calidad de forma automática. La interfaz desarrollada hace posible que cualquier usuario pueda generar ilustraciones sin la necesidad de habilidades artísticas. El programa trabaja en tiempo real permitiendo al usuario interactuar con el mismo. Hemos implementado varias técnicas empleadas por artistas como simples tareas de alto nivel que mejoran los resultados finales.Authors thank the collaboration of the illustrator Elena Piñar. Thanks to the Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia of Spain for the projects TIN2007-67474-C03-02 and TIN2007-67474-C03-01, which have partially funded this work.Arroyo, G.; Martín, D.; Luzón, MV. (2011). Generation of automatic stippling illustrations from photographs for documenting archaeological pieces. Virtual Archaeology Review. 2(3):59-64. https://doi.org/10.4995/var.2011.4606OJS596423SECORD, A. (2002): "Weighted voronoi stippling". In Proc. of NPAR, ACM Press, pp. 37-43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/508530.508537DEUSSEN O. et al. (2000): "Floating points: A method for computing stipple drawings". Computer Graphics Forum 19, pp. 40-51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8659.00396HILLER, S. et al. (2003): "Beyond Stippling - Methods for Distributing Objects on the Plane". Computer Graphics Forum 22, 3, September, pp. 515-522. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8659.00699DALAL, K. et al. (2006): "A Spectral Approach to NPR Packing". In Proc. of NPAR, ACM, New York, pp. 71-78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1124728.1124741BARLA, P. et al. (2006): "Interactive hatching and stippling by example". INRIA.SECORD A. et al. (2002): "Fast primitive distribution for illustration". In Thirteenth Eurographics Workshop on Rendering, pp. 215-226.SCHLECHTWEG S. et al. (2005): "Renderbots: Multi agent systems for direct image generation". Computer Graphics Forum 24, 283-290. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8659.2005.00838.xMOULD D. (2007): "Stipple placement using distance in a weighted graph". In Proc. of Computational Aesthetics in Graphics, no. 3. p. unknown.KIM, S. et al. (2009): "Stippling By Example". In Proc. of NPAR, ACM, New York, pp. 41-50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1572614.1572622ISENBERG, T. et al. (2005): "Breaking the Pixel Barrier". In Proc. of Cae, Eurographics Association, Aire-la-Ville, Switzerland, pp. 41-48.MACIEJEWSKI R. et al. (2008): "Measuring Stipple Aesthetics in Hand-Drawn and Computer-Generated Images", IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, pp. 62-74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/MCG.2008.3

Automatic Generation of Stippling Illustrations from two Photographs

[EN] In this paper we present a software tool that is able to reconstruct the depth field of the objects from two photographs and to obtain a pseudo 3D model. Using this information our system is able to difference background from foreground, and therefore, what are the interesting elements in the photographs and stipple them in different ways.This tool needs almost no user interaction. The user simply has to align both photographs and indicate the level of detail according to the distance. The rest is decided by our software. Whereas a professional illustrator needs more than 20 hours to finish a similar illustration, our software is able to do it in just few seconds.[ES] En este artículo se presenta una herramienta que, a partir de dos fotografías, es capaz de reconstruir la profundidad de los objetos y obtener un modelo 2D y medio. Utilizando dicha información el sistema es capaz de diferenciar qué es fondo y qué un elemento de interés y puntearlos de forma distinta para generar la ilustración final.La herramienta necesita una mínima interacción por parte del usuario para alinear ambas fotografías e indicarle el nivel de detalle a partir de cierta lejanía. El resto es decidido por el software que se encarga de generar la ilustración. Dicha ilustración es generada en pocos segundos por el sistema, mientras que un ilustrador profesional puede tardar aproximadamente 20 horas para realizar el mismo tipo de ilustración.Thanks to Consejería de Innovación y Empresa of the Junta de Andalucía that has partially funded this article throw the project of excelency PE09-TIC-5276.Arroyo, G.; Martín, D.; Luzón, MV. (2012). Automatic Generation of Stippling Illustrations from two Photographs. Virtual Archaeology Review. 3(5):89-92. https://doi.org/10.4995/var.2012.4530OJS899235BARLA, P. et al. (2006): "Interactive hatching and stippling by example". INRIA.DALAL, K. et al. (2006): "A Spectral Approach to NPR Packing". In Proc. of NPAR, ACM, New York, pp. 71-78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1124728.1124741DEUSSEN O. et al. (2000): "Floating points: A method for computing stipple drawings". Computer Graphics Forum 19, pp. 40-51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8659.00396HILLER, S. et al. (2003): "Beyond Stippling - Methods for Distributing Objects on the Plane". Computer Graphics Forum 22, 3, September, pp. 515-522. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8659.00699ISENBERG, T. et al. (2005): "Breaking the Pixel Barrier". In Proc. of Cae, Eurographics Association, Aire-la-Ville, Switzerland, pp. 41-48.KIM, S. et al. (2009): "Stippling By Example". In Proc. of NPAR, ACM, New York, pp. 41-50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1572614.1572622MACIEJEWSKI R. et al. (2008): "Measuring Stipple Aesthetics in Hand-Drawn and Computer-Generated Images", IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, pp. 62-74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/MCG.2008.35MOULD D. (2007): "Stipple placement using distance in a weighted graph". In Proc. of Computational Aesthetics in Graphics, no. 3. p. unknown.SCHLECHTWEG S. et al. (2005): "Renderbots: Multi agent systems for direct image generation" Computer Graphics Forum 24, pp 283-290. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8659.2005.00838.xSECORD A. et al. (2002): "Fast primitive distribution for illustration". In Thirteenth Eurographics Workshop on Rendering, pp. 215-226.SECORD, A. (2002): "Weighted voronoi stippling". In Proc. of NPAR, ACM Press, pp. 37-43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/508530.50853

Desarrollo local, barrios desfavorecidos y cohesión urbana. La necesidad de un nuevo marco de actuaciones en línea inclusiva.

Este artículo realiza un análisis sobre los efectos de las denominadas políticas de desarrollo local en los barrios desfavorecidos para, desde el mismo, señalar un conjunto de pautas y criterios orientados a dotar de un enfoque inclusivo estas políticas locales.Departamento de Trabajo Social y Servicios SocialesVersión del edito

A service-oriented architecture for scientific computing on cloud infrastructures

This paper describes a service-oriented architecture that eases the process of scientific application deployment and execution in IaaS Clouds, with a focus on High Throughput Computing applications. The system integrates i) a catalogue and repository of Virtual Machine Images, ii) an application deployment and configuration tool, iii) a meta-scheduler for job execution management and monitoring. The developed system significantly reduces the time required to port a scientific application to these computational environments. This is exemplified by a case study with a computationally intensive protein design application on both a private Cloud and a hybrid three-level infrastructure (Grid, private and public Cloud).The authors wish to thank the financial support received from the Generalitat Valenciana for the project GV/2012/076 and to the Ministerio de Econom´ıa y Competitividad for the project CodeCloud (TIN2010-17804)Moltó, G.; Calatrava Arroyo, A.; Hernández García, V. (2013). A service-oriented architecture for scientific computing on cloud infrastructures. En High Performance Computing for Computational Science - VECPAR 2012. Springer Verlag (Germany). 163-176. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-38718-0_18S163176Vaquero, L.M., Rodero-Merino, L., Caceres, J., Lindner, M.: A break in the clouds. ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review 39(1), 50 (2008)Armbrust, M., Fox, A., Griffith, R., Joseph, A.: Above the clouds: A berkeley view of cloud computing. Technical report, UC Berkeley Reliable Adaptive Distributed Systems Laboratory (2009)Rehr, J., Vila, F., Gardner, J., Svec, L., Prange, M.: Scientific computing in the cloud. Computing in Science 99 (2010)Keahey, K., Figueiredo, R., Fortes, J., Freeman, T., Tsugawa, M.: Science Clouds: Early Experiences in Cloud Computing for Scientific Applications. In: Cloud Computing and its Applications (2008)Carrión, J.V., Moltó, G., De Alfonso, C., Caballer, M., Hernández, V.: A Generic Catalog and Repository Service for Virtual Machine Images. In: 2nd International ICST Conference on Cloud Computing (CloudComp 2010) (2010)Moltó, G., Hernández, V., Alonso, J.: A service-oriented WSRF-based architecture for metascheduling on computational Grids. Future Generation Computer Systems 24(4), 317–328 (2008)Krishnan, S., Clementi, L., Ren, J., Papadopoulos, P., Li, W.: Design and Evaluation of Opal2: A Toolkit for Scientific Software as a Service. In: 2009 IEEE Congress on Services (2009)Distributed Management Task Force (DMTF): The Open Virtualization Format Specification (Technical report)Raman, R., Livny, M., Solomon, M.: Matchmaking: Distributed Resource Management for High Throughput Computing. In: Proceedings of the Seventh IEEE International Symposium on High Performance Distributed Computing, pp. 28–31 (1998)Wei, J., Zhang, X., Ammons, G., Bala, V., Ning, P.: Managing security of virtual machine images in a cloud environment. ACM Press, New York (2009)Keahey, K., Freeman, T.: Contextualization: Providing One-Click Virtual Clusters. In: Fourth IEEE International Conference on eScience, pp. 301–308 (2008)Foster, I.: Globus toolkit version 4: Software for service-oriented systems. Journal of Computer Science and Technology 21(4), 513–520 (2006)Moltó, G., Suárez, M., Tortosa, P., Alonso, J.M., Hernández, V., Jaramillo, A.: Protein design based on parallel dimensional reduction. Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling 49(5), 1261–1271 (2009)Calatrava, A.: In: Use of Grid and Cloud Hybrid Infrastructures for Scientific Computing (M.Sc. Thesis in Spanish), Universitat Politècnica de València (2012)Keahey, K., Freeman, T., Lauret, J., Olson, D.: Virtual workspaces for scientific applications. Journal of Physics: Conference Series 78(1), 012038 (2007)Pallickara, S., Pierce, M., Dong, Q., Kong, C.: Enabling Large Scale Scientific Computations for Expressed Sequence Tag Sequencing over Grid and Cloud Computing Clusters. In: Eigth International Conference on Parallel Processing and Applied Mathematics (PPAM 2009), Citeseer (2009)Merzky, A., Stamou, K., Jha, S.: Application Level Interoperability between Clouds and Grids. In: 2009 Workshops at the Grid and Pervasive Computing Conference, pp. 143–150 (2009)Thain, D., Tannenbaum, T., Livny, M.: Distributed computing in practice: the Condor experience. Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience 17(2-4), 323–356 (2005)Simmhan, Y., van Ingen, C., Subramanian, G., Li, J.: Bridging the Gap between Desktop and the Cloud for eScience Applications. In: 2010 IEEE 3rd International Conference on Cloud Computing, pp. 474–481. IEEE (2010)Chappell, D.: Introducing windows azure. Technical report (2009

Inmigración no europea, prestaciones socio-económicas y dinámicas de inclusión en España. ¿Acaparan las personas inmigrantes las prestaciones de Servicios Sociales?

The problematisation of migration has intensified in Europe over the last decade, as the Financial Crisis of 2008 dealt a major blow to social welfare instruments. This context has reinforced the idea that immigrants would consume a disproportionate share of socio-economic resources available through social services, thus displacing the local population. This article examines the case of Spain, analysing the dynamics of accessing socioeconomic inclusion policies developed by public Social Services among immigrants and non-immigrants at risk of social exclusion, based on different secondary sources. The paper shows that is there no evidence that social services resources are being displaced for the socio-economic inclusion of the immigrant population.La problematización del fenómeno migratorio se ha intensificado en Europa en la última década, al mismo tiempo que las salidas a la Gran Crisis de 2008 dejaban unas sociedades más debilitadas en sus instrumentos de acceso al bienestar. Este contexto ha reforzado la idea de que las personas inmigrantes acaparan la mayoría de recursos socioeconómicos disponibles en los sistemas de servicios sociales, desplazando a la población local. Este artículo aborda el caso español, analizando las dinámicas de acceso a las políticas para la inclusión socioeconómica de los Servicios Sociales públicos en personas inmigrantes y no inmigrantes en riesgo exclusión social, basándose en distintas fuentes secundarias. El trabajo demuestra que no existen evidencias de que los recursos de servicios sociales estén siendo desplazados para la inclusión socioeconómica de la población inmigrante

Container-based Virtual Elastic Clusters

[EN] eScience demands large-scale computing clusters to support the efficient execution of resource-intensive scientific applications. Virtual Machines (VMs) have introduced the ability to provide customizable execution environments, at the expense of performance loss for applications. However, in recent years, containers have emerged as a light-weight virtualization technology compared to VMs. Indeed, the usage of containers for virtual clusters allows better performance for the applications and fast deployment of additional working nodes, for enhanced elasticity. This paper focuses on the deployment, configuration and management of Virtual Elastic computer Clusters (VEC) dedicated to process scientific workloads. The nodes of the scientific cluster are hosted in containers running on bare-metal machines. The opensource tool Elastic Cluster for Docker (EC4Docker) is introduced, integrated with Docker Swarm to create auto-scaled virtual computer clusters of containers across distributed deployments. We also discuss the benefits and limitations of this solution and analyse the performance of the developed tools under a real scenario by means of a scientific use case that demonstrates the feasibility of the proposed approach.This work has been developed under the support of the program "Ayudas para la contratacion de personal investigador en formacion de catheter predoctoral, programa VALi+d", grant number ACIF/2013/003, from the Conselleria d'Educacio of the Generalitat Valenciana. The authors wish to thank the financial support received form The Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness to develop the project "CLUVIEM", with reference TIN2013-44390-R.Alfonso Laguna, CD.; Calatrava Arroyo, A.; Moltó, G. (2017). Container-based Virtual Elastic Clusters. Journal of Systems and Software. 127:1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2017.01.007S11112