EFEKTIVITAS PELAKSANAAN PRAKTIKUM PLAMBING DI DEPARTEMEN PENDIDIKAN TEKNIK SIPIL FAKULTAS PENDIDIKAN DAN TEKNOLOGI KEJURUAN UNIVERSITAS PENDIDIKAN INDONESIA

Penelitian ini berjudul “Efektivitas Pelaksanaan Praktikum Plambing di Departemen Pendidikan Teknik Sipil FPTK UPI”. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah: 1.Mengetahui proses pelaksanaan praktikum plambing di Program Studi D3 DPTS FPTK UPI; 2.Mengetahui hasil akhir pencapaian mahasiswa yang mengikuti pelaksanaan praktikum plambing di Program Studi D3 DPTS FPTK UPI yang mengacu pada Jobsheet; 3.Mengetahui tingkat kelayakan sarana pelaksanaan praktikum plambing di Program Studi D3 DPTS FPTK UPI. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif. Sampel dalam penelitian ini yaitu 22 orang mahasiswa program studi D3 yang sedang mengontrak mata kuliah Praktikum Plambing tahun ajaran 2014/2015. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berupa lembar observasi dan angket. Efektivitas perkuliahan dapat dilihat dari proses, hasil dan sarana pelaksanaan Praktikum Plambing di DPTS FPTK UPI. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian didapat bahwa: 1. Proses pelaksanaan praktikum plambing sudah efektif dan sesuai dengan silabus yang terdapat di DPTS FPTK UPI. 2.Hasil akhir mahasiswa yang mengikuti pelaksanaan praktikum plambing sudah sangat memuaskan dan sesuai dengan jobsheet praktikum plambing yang tersedia. 3. Sarana pelaksanaan praktikum plambing di DPTS FPTK UPI sudah sangat efektif untuk menunjang proses perkuliahan praktikum plambing yang sesuai dengan silabus praktikum plambing yang terdapat di DPTS FPTK UPI. Secara umum berdasarkan temuan pada proses pelaksanaan, hasil akhir mahasiswa, dan sarana pelaksanaan praktikum plambing dapat disimpulkan bahwa pelaksanaan praktikum plambing di DPTS FPTK UPI dapat dikatakan sudah efektif. Kata kunci : Efektivitas, Praktikum, proses, hasil, dan sarana This research titled "Effectiveness of Practical Plumbing in the Department of Civil Engineering Education FPTK UPI”. The aim of this research was 1. Knowing the process of practical implementation of plumbing in D3 major DPTS FPTK UPI; 2. Knowing final results following the achievement of students in the practical implementation plumbing D3 major DPTS FPTK UPI referring to Jobsheet; 3. Knowing the feasibility of practical implementation plumbing facilities in D3 major DPTS FPTK UPI. The method used is descriptive. The sample in this research is 22 students of D3 is being contracted Plumbing Practicum course of the school year 2014/2015. The research instruments used in this study were the observation sheet and questionnaire. The effectiveness of the lecture can be seen from the process, outcome and means of implementation Practical Plumbing in DPTS FPTK UPI. Based on the results of the study found that: 1. The process of practical implementation of the plumbing has been effective and in accordance with the syllabus contained in DPTS FPTK UPI. 2. The achievement of the students who attend practical plumbing has been very satisfy and in accordance with jobsheet lab available. 3. Means practical implementation plumbing in DPTS FPTK UPI been very effective in supporting the lecturing process in accordance with the practical plumbing practicum syllabus contained in DPTS FPTK UPI. In general, based on the findings on the implementation process, the final results of the students, and the practical implementation plumbing means it can be concluded that the plumbing practical implementation in DPTS FPTK UPI can be said to have been effective. Keywords: effectiveness, practical, process, achievement, and mean

PERAMPASAN DAN PENGEMBALIAN ASET HASIL TINDAK PIDANA KORUPSI DALAM SISTEM HUKUM INDONESIA SEBAGAI UPAYA PENCEGAHAN DAN PEMBERANTASAN TINDAK KORUPSI

Tindak pidana korupsi yang merajalela di tanah air tidak hanya merugikan keuangan negara saja tetapi telah merupakan pelanggaran terhadap hak-hak sosial dan ekonomi masyarakat secara luas, korupsi tidak lagi merupakan masalah nasional, melainkan sudah menjadi fenomena internasional sehingga kerjasama internasional menjadi esensial dalam mencegah dan memberantasnya, pada kenyataannya terhadap apa yang telah ditimbulkan oleh tindak pidana korupsi itu maka diperlukan upaya-upaya yang luar biasa dalam hal penanggulangan serta pemberantasan terhadap tindak pidana korupsi. Salah satu upaya dapat menghindarkan keterpurukan Indonesia akibat korupsi tersebut adalah melakukan upaya perampasan dan pengembalian terhadap aset hasil tindak pidana korupsi yang didasarkan pada peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku dalam sistem hukum Indonesia. Identifikasi masalah, Pertama Kendala yang timbul dalam perampasan aset hasil tindak pidana korupsi dalam sistem hukum Indonesia. Kedua upaya yang dilakukan untuk memperbarui perampasan aset hasil tindak pidana korupsi dalam sistem hukum Indonesia. Metode dalam penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode pendekatan yuridis yang dititik beratkan pada penggunaan data sekunder berupa peraturan-peraturan dan tulisan-tulisan ilmiah yang berhubungan dengan objek penelitian disesuaikan dengan spesifikasi penelitian deskrif analitis dan analisis data dengan menggunakan metode yuridis kualitatif. Kesimpulan: Pertama, kendala yang timbul dalam perampasan aset adalah kontruksi dan instrumen sistem hukum Indonesia yang belum memadai dan masih lemah terutama dalam hukum pidana kita, hukum perdata, hukum adminsitratif, hukum acara pidana, hukum perdata dan perjanjian-perjanjian bilateral maupun multilateral baik dalam mutual legal assistance dan ekstradisi dengan negara lain mengenai perampasan dan pengembalian aset hasil tindak pidana korupsi yang belum dapat dilakukan secara komprenhensif dan efektif yang didasarkan kepada hukum dalam mengungkap dan melakukan perampasan dan pengembalian aset hasil tindak pidana korupsi belum diatur secara khusus dalam suatu peraturan perundang-undangan dan peraturan pelaksana. Kedua, upaya yang dilakukan memperbaiki dan memperbaharui sistem hukum Indonesia dalam substansi hukum, kontruksi hukum dan instrumen hukum tentang perampasan dan pengembalian aset, adanya aturan khusus sebagai landasan dan dasar hukum kepada penegak hukum dalam melakukan perampasan dan pengembalian aset. Menjalin hubungan dengan negara lain melalui suatu perjanjian atau kerjasama baik dalam mutual legal assistance dan ekstradisi mengenai perampasan dan pengembalian aset sebagai upaya pemberantasan dan pencegahan tindak pidana korupsi di Indonesia. Kata Kunci: Tindak pidana korupsi, Perampasan aset, Pengembalian aset dan sistem hukum Indonesia

Review of water pricing theories and related models

Water is vital for life and plays an essential role for economic development of countries. To address water scarcity issues, better pricing has been recognized as an important tool. In this paper several empirical studies which highlight water pricing theories and related models have been reviewed. These theories explain different aspect of water pricing that can be used as a means to improve water use efficiency. Analysis of partial equilibrium can be viewed as effects of a policy on a specific sector like agriculture, but an analysis of general equilibrium often involves steady-state paths which is in fact a macro-level approach. A comparison of first best pricing with second best pricing models shows that the latter are possible when transaction costs are included. In the absence of storage capacities limits and direct costs of water, development decision studies find that the price of water held in storage must rise at the rate of interest and that the effect of discounting is to cause a cycle in the water price. Finally, recent evidence suggests that the short-run efficiency of marginal cost pricing can be extended to account for long-run fixed cost considerations. (Authors' abstract

Numerical simulation of convective heat losses in a helical tube of a cylindrical solar receiver

In this paper, natural convection heat losses in a cylindrical solar receiver are investigated numerically. The study is conducted using three helical tube diameters: 12mm, 16mm and 25mm. The diameter of the receiver is 0.3 m with an aspect ratio equal to one and three aperture ratios of 1, 0.75 and 0.5. In each case, the receiver tube inside the cylindrical cavity is modelled by a helical spiral similar to those of real systems. The simulations are performed for three inlet temperatures (of 50, 75 and 100°C) and four receiver tilt angles (of 0, 30, 60 and 900) with a constant mass flow rate of 0.0885 kg/s. The effects of some parameters such as receiver size, boundary conditions, tube diameter, receiver tilt, inlet temperature and opening ratio on convective heat losses and outlet temperature are presented in form of graphs. It has been found that the convective heat losses are reduced by using the adiabatic boundary condition imposed on the half-circumference of the tube. Thus, increasing the helical tube diameter causes an increasing in the convective heat losses. The increasing of the fluid temperature and the opening ratio are found proportional to the increasing of convective heat losses

Relationship Between Various Cement Mixture, Cement Fixation and Gait Study for Total Hip Replacement Via Finite Element Analysis (FEA)

To secure the total hip replacement (THR) components, introduced in the 1960s, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) bone cement was used as a fixation. The cement polymerizes and becomes firm to hold the implant in place. However, the failure of cement in total hip replacement may lead to hip fractures and dislocations which is detrimental to the patient’s well-being whether in the short-term or long-term. Hence, the aim of this study is to find suitable cement mixtures for total hip replacement compromising of Young Modulus of 2.24 GPa, 0.3129 GPa, 0.03394 GPa and 0.07961 GPa, as reported from prior research. Three separate sorts of proximal cemented techniques were used to deposit the PMMA cement: 40 mm cement reduction, 80 mm cement reduction and full cement (datum). The Titanium Ti-6A1-4V (Ti-41) Charnley hip implant stem model with a Young Modulus of 100 GPa and a Poisson’s ratio of 0.3 was applied in the ANSYS Workbench 2020 R2 software to be analyzed with the three different proximal cemented approaches for each cement mixtures. Subsequently, the total deformation and von Mises stress were simulated under various loading circumstances, including standing, walking, stair climbing and falling. Nevertheless, as shown in the results obtained, all the hip implants consider safe because their von Mises stress does not exceed the yield strength of Titanium Ti-6A1-4V, which is 0.88 GPa. Finally, it may be concluded that, in comparison to the full cement (datum) and 80 mm cement reduction with Young Modulus of 2.24 GPa, 0.3129 GPa, 0.03394 GPa and 0.07961 GPa, the most improvement in the context of total deformation and von Mises stress is the 40 mm cement reduction with Young Modulus of 2.24 GPa

Relationship Between Various Cement Mixture, Cement Fixation and Gait Study for Total Hip Replacement Via Finite Element Analysis (FEA)

To secure the total hip replacement (THR) components, introduced in the 1960s, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) bone cement was used as a fixation. The cement polymerizes and becomes firm to hold the implant in place. However, the failure of cement in total hip replacement may lead to hip fractures and dislocations which is detrimental to the patient’s well-being whether in the short-term or long-term. Hence, the aim of this study is to find suitable cement mixtures for total hip replacement compromising of Young Modulus of 2.24 GPa, 0.3129 GPa, 0.03394 GPa and 0.07961 GPa, as reported from prior research. Three separate sorts of proximal cemented techniques were used to deposit the PMMA cement: 40 mm cement reduction, 80 mm cement reduction and full cement (datum). The Titanium Ti-6A1-4V (Ti-41) Charnley hip implant stem model with a Young Modulus of 100 GPa and a Poisson’s ratio of 0.3 was applied in the ANSYS Workbench 2020 R2 software to be analyzed with the three different proximal cemented approaches for each cement mixtures. Subsequently, the total deformation and von Mises stress were simulated under various loading circumstances, including standing, walking, stair climbing and falling. Nevertheless, as shown in the results obtained, all the hip implants consider safe because their von Mises stress does not exceed the yield strength of Titanium Ti-6A1-4V, which is 0.88 GPa. Finally, it may be concluded that, in comparison to the full cement (datum) and 80 mm cement reduction with Young Modulus of 2.24 GPa, 0.3129 GPa, 0.03394 GPa and 0.07961 GPa, the most improvement in the context of total deformation and von Mises stress is the 40 mm cement reduction with Young Modulus of 2.24 GPa

A mixed methods study to assess the effectiveness of food-based interventions to prevent stunting among children under-five years in districts Thatta and Sujawal, Sindh province, Pakistan: study protocol

Background: Maternal and child malnutrition is widely prevalent in low and middle income countries. In Pakistan, widespread food insecurity and malnutrition are the main contributors to poor health, low survival rates and the loss of human capital development. The nutritional status trends among children exhibit a continuous deteriorating with rates of malnutrition exceeding the WHO critical threshold. With the high prevalence of maternal and child malnutrition, it is important to identify effective preventative approaches, especially for reducing stunting in children under-five years of age. The primary aim of this study is to assess the effectiveness of food-based interventions to prevent stunting in children under-five years. Methods: A mixed methods study design will be conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of food-based interventions to prevent stunting among children under-five years in districts Thatta and Sujawal, Sindh Province, Pakistan. The study will include cross sectional surveys, a community-based cluster randomized controlled trial and a process evaluation. The study participants will be pregnant women, lactating mothers and children under-five years. The cross-sectional surveys will be conducted with 7360 study participants at baseline and endline. For the randomized control trial, 5000 participants will be recruited and followed monthly for compliance of food-based supplements, dietary diversity, pregnancy outcomes, and maternal and child morbidity and mortality. Anthropometric measurements and hemoglobin levels will be measured at baseline, quarterly and at endline. The interventions will consist of locally produced lipid-based nutrient supplement (Wawamum) for children 6–23 months, micronutrient powders for children 24–59 months, and wheat soya blends for pregnant and lactating mothers. Government lady health workers will deliver interventions to participants. The effectiveness of the project will be measured in terms of the impact of the proposed interventions on stunting, nutritional status, micronutrient deficiencies, and other key indicators of the participants. The process evaluation will assess the acceptability, feasibility and potential barriers of project implementation through focus group discussions, key informant interviews and household surveys. Data analysis will be conducted using STATA version 12. Discussion: There is considerable evidence on the effectiveness of food-based interventions in managing stunting in developing countries. However, these studies do not account for the local environmental factors and widespread nutrient deficiencies in Pakistan. These studies are often conducted in controlled environments, where the results cannot be generalized to programs operating under field conditions. The findings of this study will provide sufficient evidence to develop policies and programs aimed to prevent stunting in children 6–59 months and to improve maternal and child health and growth outcomes in poor resource setting

Controlled release of lysozyme from double-walled poly(Lactide-Co-Glycolide) (PLGA) microspheres

Double-walled microspheres based on poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) are potential delivery systems for reducing a very high initial burst release of encapsulated protein and peptide drugs. In this study, double-walled microspheres made of glucose core, hydroxyl-terminated poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (Glu-PLGA), and carboxyl-terminated PLGA were fabricated using a modified water-in-oil-in-oil-in-water (w1/o/o/w2) emulsion solvent evaporation technique for the controlled release of a model protein, lysozyme. Microspheres size, morphology, encapsulation efficiency, lysozyme in vitro release profiles, bioactivity, and structural integrity, were evaluated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images revealed that double-walled microspheres comprising of Glu-PLGA and PLGA with a mass ratio of 1:1 have a spherical shape and smooth surfaces. A statistically significant increase in the encapsulation efficiency (82.52 ± 3.28%) was achieved when 1% (w/v) polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and 2.5% (w/v) trehalose were incorporated in the internal and external aqueous phase, respectively, during emulsification. Double-walled microspheres prepared together with excipients (PVA and trehalose) showed a better control release of lysozyme. The released lysozyme was fully bioactive, and its structural integrity was slightly affected during microspheres fabrication and in vitro release studies. Therefore, double-walled microspheres made of Glu-PLGA and PLGA together with excipients (PVA and trehalose) provide a controlled and sustained release for lysozyme