On the Ratio of Periods of the Fundamental Harmonic and First Overtone of Magnetic Tube Kink Oscillations

We study kink oscillations of thin magnetic tubes. We assume that the density inside and outside the tube (and possibly also the cross-section radius) can vary along the tube. This variation is assumed to be of such a form that the kink speed is symmetric with respect to the tube centre and varies monotonically from the tube ends to the tube centre. Then we prove a theorem stating that the ratio of periods of the fundamental mode and first overtone is a monotonically increasing function of the ratio of the kink speed at the tube centre and the tube ends. In particular, it follows from this theorem that the period ratio is lower than two when the kink speed increases from the tube ends to its centre, while it is higher than two when the kink speed decreases from the tube ends to its centre. The first case is typical for non-expanding coronal magnetic loops, and the second for prominence threads. We apply the general results to particular problems. First we consider kink oscillations of coronal magnetic loops. We prove that, under reasonable assumptions, the ratio of the fundamental period to the first overtone is lower than two and decreases when the loop size increases. The second problem concerns kink oscillations of prominence threads. We consider three internal density profiles: generalised parabolic, Gaussian, and Lorentzian. Each of these profiles contain the parameter (Formula presented.) that is responsible for its sharpness. We calculate the dependence of the period ratio on the ratio of the mean to the maximum density. For all considered values of (Formula presented.) we find that a formula relating the period ratio and the ratio of the mean and maximum density suggested by Soler, Goossens, and Ballester (Astron. Astrophys.575, A123, 2015) gives a sufficiently good approximation to the exact dependence

Becoming a teacher: student teachers' experiences and perceptions about teaching practice

In an attempt to build a more comprehensive and holistic understanding of the complexity, dynamics and idiosyncrasies involved in becoming a teacher, this study focussed on the experiences of 295 student teachers. Their feelings, cognitions and perceptions regarding teaching practice were analysed using the short version of the Inventory of Experiences and Perceptions of the Teaching Practice. Results emphasise some of the difficulties experienced during this period (e.g., stress, sense of weariness and ‘vulnerability’), as well the positive perceptions of these student teachers regarding their growing knowledge and skilfulness, as well as their sense of efficacy, flexibility and spontaneity in their performance and interactions. Their perception of their accomplishments in achieving reasonable levels of acceptance and recognition within the school community and their positive evaluation of the guidance and support provided by their supervisors are also emphasised. Differences were found – in terms of gender and graduate course background – in the way these student teachers experienced some aspects of teaching practice

Regulation of Focal Adhesion Kinase by a Novel Protein Inhibitor FIP200

Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is a major mediator of integrin signaling pathways. The mechanisms of regulation of FAK activity and its associated cellular functions are not very well understood. Here, we present data suggesting that a novel protein FIP200 functions as an inhibitor for FAK. We show the association of endogenous FIP200 with FAK, which is decreased upon integrin-mediated cell adhesion concomitant with FAK activation. In vitro- and in vivo-binding studies indicate that FIP200 interacts with FAK through multiple domains directly. FIP200 bound to the kinase domain of FAK inhibited its kinase activity in vitro and its autophosphorylation in vivo. Overexpression of FIP200 or its segments inhibited cell spreading, cell migration, and cell cycle progression, which correlated with their inhibition of FAK activity in vivo. The inhibition of these cellular functions by FIP200 could be rescued by coexpression of FAK. Last, we show that disruption of the functional interaction between endogenous FIP200 with FAK leads to increased FAK phosphorylation and partial restoration of cell cycle progression in cells plated on poly-l-lysine, providing further support for FIP200 as a negative regulator of FAK. Together, these results identify FIP200 as a novel protein inhibitor for FAK

Impacto do glyphosate associado com endossulfan e tebuconazole sobre microrganismos endossimbiontes da soja Impact of glyphosate associated with endosulphan and tebuconazole on the endosymbiotic microorganisms of the soybean

Objetivou-se neste trabalho avaliar o efeito do glyphosate, em aplicação sequencial, e da sua interação com endossulfan + tebuconazole na colonização micorrízica, na nodulação e nos teores de fósforo e nitrogênio foliar em plantas de soja. O experimento foi conduzido a campo em Argissolo Vermelho-Amarelo câmbico, no ano agrícola de 2007/08. Foram avaliados dez tratamentos em em esquema de parcelas subdivididas, no delineamento de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Nas parcelas, avaliou-se o efeito da aplicação ou não da mistura de inseticida (endossulfan) + fungicida (tebuconazole) e, nas subparcelas, o efeito dos métodos de controle de plantas daninhas (testemunha não capinada, testemunha capinada, aplicação única de glyphosate, aplicação sequencial de glyphosate e aplicação única de fomesafen + fluazifop-p-butil). A matéria seca de nódulos (MSN) e da parte aérea (MSPA), o número de nódulos (NN), a colonização micorrízica e os teores de N e P foliar foram avaliados quando as plantas de soja atingiram o estádio R2. O glyphosate e fomesafen + fluazifop-p-butil não reduziram a MSN de plantas de soja, exceto na presença de endossulfan + tebuconazole. O glyphosate em aplicação sequencial, na ausência de endossulfan + tebuconazole, reduziu o NN das plantas de soja em relação às plantas tratadas com inseticida + fungicida. A mistura fomesafen + fluazifop-p-butil e o glyphosate em aplicação sequencial afetaram negativamente os teores de N foliar em relação à testemunha capinada na ausência de endossulfan + tebuconazole, enquanto que na presença dessa mistura não se observou efeito. O glyphosate não afetou a colonização micorrízica em soja tratada ou não com a mistura endossulfan + tebuconazole. Já a mistura de fomesafen + fluazifop-p-butil estimulou a colonização micorrízica na ausência da mistura endossulfan + tebuconazole. O glyphosate, em aplicação sequencial, não afetou a colonização micorrízica e a nodulação da da soja.<br>The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of glyphosate, in sequential applications, and its interaction with endosulphan + tebuconazole on mycorrhizal colonization, nodulation, and leaf concentrations of P and N of soybean plants. The experiment was conducted in the field in a Yellow-Red Argisol in the 2007/2008 crop year. Ten treatments were installed in split plots following a randomized block design with four replications. Endosulphan + tebuconazole application was done in the main plots, while the different methods of weed control in the sub-plots (unhoed control, hoed control, single application of glyphosate, sequential application of glyphosate, single application of fomesafen + fluazifop-p-butyl). Shoot and nodule dry matter, nodule number, mycorrhizal colonization, and N and P concentrations were evaluated when the soybean plants reached the R2 stage. Glyphosate and fomesafen + fluazifop-p-butyl did not cause reductions in nodule dry matter, except in the presence of endosulphan + tebuconazole. Glyphosate in sequential applications, in the absence of endosulphan + tebuconazole, promoted decreases in nodule number. Fomesafen + fluazifop-p-butyl and glyphosate in sequential applications negatively affected N concentrations in the leaves compared to the hoed control, in the absence of endosulphan + tebuconazole. Glyphosate did not affect the mycorrhizal colonization regardless of the application of endosulphan + tebuconazole. However, fomesafen + fluazifop-p-butyl led to increases in the mycorrhizal colonization in the absence of endosulphan + tebuconazole. Glyphosate applied sequentially on soybean plants, under the conditions studied, did not affect the mycorrhizal colonization and nodulation