399 research outputs found
Unemployment duration, unemployment benefits and recalls
We use administrative micro-data to investigate exits from unemployment of benefit recipients in Spain. Because the data allow us to distinguish between transitions to a new job and recall to the same employer, we apply a competing risks model with
observed and unobserved heterogeneity. We are also able to control for the type of
benefit received by the worker: insurance benefit or assistance benefit. We find
significant differences between the new job hazard and the recall hazard. Both hazard
rates increase around the time that insurance benefit elapses. We also find that when
larger firms recall unemployed workers they tend to do so faster than smaller firms. In
general, our results are consistent with predictions derived from search and implicit
contract models. They highlight the importance of taking into account the possibility of recall in the analysis of unemployment duration among unemployment benefit recipients
Exits from unemployment : recall or new job
This paper studies transitions out of unemployment in Spain distinguishing between recall to the same employer and reemployment in a new job. We use a large sample of newly unemployed workers obtained from Social Security records for Spain. These data contain information about each individual's employer identy before and after the unemployment spell. A discrete-time duration model with competing risks of exits serves us to investigate the factors that influence the probabilities of leaving unemployment to return to the same employer or to find a new job with a different employer. We find that the route to exit unemployment is determinant to understand the influence of individual an job characteristics on the hazard rate, as well as the latter dependence on unemployment duration. The recall hazard rate exhibits positive duration dependence during the first months and negative duration dependence thereafter (it is larger for females), while the new-job hazard presents positive duration dependence (it is larger for males
UNEMPLOYMENT DURATION, UNEMPLOYMENT BENEFITS AND RECALLS
We use administrative micro-data to investigate exits from unemployment of benefit recipients in Spain. Because the data allow us to distinguish between transitions to a new job and recall to the same employer, we apply a competing risks model with observed and unobserved heterogeneity. We are also able to control for the type of benefit received by the worker: insurance benefit or assistance benefit. We find significant differences between the new job hazard and the recall hazard. Both hazard rates increase around the time that insurance benefit elapses. We also find that when larger firms recall unemployed workers they tend to do so faster than smaller firms. In general, our results are consistent with predictions derived from search and implicit contract models. They highlight the importance of taking into account the possibility of recall in the analysis of unemployment duration among unemployment benefit recipients.
Exits from unemployment: recall or new job
This paper studies transitions out of unemployment in Spain distinguishing between recall to the same employer and reemployment in a new job. We use a large sample of newly unemployed workers obtained from Social Security records for Spain. These data contain information about each individual's employer identy before and after the unemployment spell. A discrete-time duration model with competing risks of exits serves us to investigate the factors that influence the probabilities of leaving unemployment to return to the same employer or to find a new job with a different employer. We find that the route to exit unemployment is determinant to understand the influence of individual an job characteristics on the hazard rate, as well as the latter dependence on unemployment duration. The recall hazard rate exhibits positive duration dependence during the first months and negative duration dependence thereafter (it is larger for females), while the new-job hazard presents positive duration dependence (it is larger for males).
Unemployment benefits and recall jobs in Spain : a split population model
We study unemployment insurance
benefit recipients’ transitions out of
unemployment, focusing on whether they are
recalled to the previous employer. For this
purpose, we develop a split population model
of the recall decision by employers, since only a portion of unemployed workers is ever
recalled. Age, qualification, contract type,
previous tenure and wage levels, and the
level of benefits are important determinants of both whether and when a recall to the
previous employer is initiate
Re-employment probabilities of unemployment benefit recipients
This article studies transitions out of unemployment for benefit recipients
in Spain. We analyse the duration of unemployment, distinguishing
between spells that end in recall (workers returning to the previous
employer) and spells that end in exit to a new job. This distinction allows
us to find that the recall hazard rate increases around the time of
exhaustion of benefits. However, this happens only for workers receiving
Unemployment Insurance (UI). Because we are unable to replicate this
result for workers receiving Unemployment Assistance (UA), we believe
the finding lends support to the hypothesis that in Spain firms and workers
make a strategic use of UIPublicad
La pena privativa de llibertat: una aproximaciĂł de la teoria econòmica. AplicaciĂł al sistema penitenciari catalĂ
[spa] En este trabajo se revisan las principales aportaciones del quálinis económico del delito evaluando la aplicabilidad de sus principales condiciones. A partir de nuevas hipótesis, se qualitan las nuevas conclusiones que se derivan, a partir de los cuales se elabora un modelo de aplicación eficiente de la pena de libertad. Un modelo econométrico en la tercera parte permite validar las conclusiones obtenida
GestiĂłn de encuestas de satisfacciĂłn con los servicios de la Universidad de Burgos on-line (GESSOL)
La mejora continua de los servicios de la Universidad de Burgos y la creciente importancia de obtener
informaciĂłn relevante de los diferentes agentes implicados ha llevado al Vicerrectorado de Calidad y
AcreditaciĂłn a plantearse la necesidad de optimizar el tiempo de su recogida.
En lĂnea con otras universidades españolas (ej: UPV), hemos considerado que uno de los mejores mĂ©todos para
recoger la información de los atributos más significativos a valorar sobre cada actividad que haya sido utilizada
por cada usuario (satisfacciĂłn general, plazos de prestaciĂłn del servicio, informaciĂłn recibida, trato recibido y
resoluciĂłn de sus demandas), de manera directa, es la utilizaciĂłn de cuestionarios on-line, por su amplia
difusiĂłn, bajo coste y comodidad para el encuestado.
Para cumplir este objetivo se ha desarrollado una aplicación informática capaz de gestionar o automatizar, cada
una de las etapas del proceso de encuestas: envĂo de avisos por correo electrĂłnico, definiciĂłn, ediciĂłn y
publicaciĂłn de cuestionarios, su cumplimentaciĂłn, la recogida de datos, filtrado tratamiento y exportaciĂłn de
datos, generación de informes automáticos, además, permite el seguimiento en tiempo real de todo el proceso y
la comparaciĂłn de los resultados obtenidos por las diferentes actividades de cada uno de los servicios.
Hay que destacar que la generaciĂłn de los cuestionarios se hace de forma particularizada para cada encuestado
en funciĂłn su perfil y de las necesidades de muestreo, es decir de la tasa de participaciĂłn previamente obtenida
por cada actividad. También la disposición de las opciones del cuestionario cambia aleatoriamente en cada
cuestionario para evitar sesgos en la forma de completarla por parte del usuario.
El proceso se complementa con la detecciĂłn de los aspectos a destacar y aspectos a mejorar en las distintas
actividades evaluadas, que contribuya a la toma de decisiones de acuerdo al compromiso adquirido por la
Universidad de Burgos con la mejora continuaEbsco, Libera, Elsevier, Emerald, AsociaciĂłn Andaluza de Bibliotecarios, Springer, Cambridge University Press, RSC Publishing, ISOTool
Enfermedad celĂaca: una inmunopatologĂa muy frecuente pero poco conocida
La Enfermedad CelĂaca (EC) es una enteropatĂa crĂłnica de base inmunolĂłgica, en la que intervienen mecanismos tanto de la inmunidad innata como adaptativa. La presentaciĂłn clĂnica es altamente variable, desde cuadros gastrointestinales caracterĂsticos hasta formas oligo o asintomáticas. La prevalencia de EC es muy elevada (cercana al 1%), sin embargo, se encuentra fuertemente subdiagnosticada por falta de conocimiento y de estrategias de bĂşsqueda adecuadas. Los pacientes no diagnosticados y por lo tanto no tratados tienen consecuencias severas, muchas de ellas irreversibles, que reducen su calidad de vida y capacidad laboral. En individuos susceptibles, la patologĂa sĂłlo se desarrolla en presencia de un antĂgeno dietario denominado gluten y constituido mayoritariamente por un grupo de proteĂnas de trigo, cebada, centeno y avena, denominadas gliadinas o gluten. La ingesta de estas proteĂnas produce alteraciĂłn histolĂłgica en la mucosa del intestino delgado y pĂ©rdida de la funciĂłn de absorciĂłn de nutrientes. Existen varias enfermedades fuertemente asociadas a la EC, en particular aquellas con componentes autoinmunes como diabetes mellitus tipo I y artritis reumatoidea. La susceptibilidad a desarrollar EC está asociada a la presencia de determinados alelos del complejo mayor de histocompatibilidad (CMH), en particular HLA-DQ2 y DQ8 los que están presentes en casi la totalidad de los pacientes. La expansiĂłn y activaciĂłn de linfocitos T especĂficos de pĂ©ptidos derivados del gluten y la abundante producciĂłn de IFN-Îł son los elementos más caracterĂsticos de la respuesta adaptativa en la mucosa intestinal. Por otra parte, la inmunidad innata se manifiesta frente a ciertos pĂ©ptidos derivados de gliadinas que inducen mecanismos proinflamatorios. Aunque en la actualidad se conocen con detalle mĂşltiples aspectos de la patogenia de EC que han permitido una mejora de la detecciĂłn temprana de los pacientes y la profundizaciĂłn en el conocimiento del rol del sistema inmune en la mucosa intestinal, aĂşn existen importantes desafĂos para los investigadores. A lo largo de esta revisiĂłn presentaremos y discutiremos varios de los hallazgos que han mejorado el diagnĂłstico de la enfermedad y, consecuentemente, la calidad de vida de los pacientes.Celiac disease (CD) is a chronic enteropathy induced by the immune system where mechanisms of both innate and adaptive immunity are involved. The clinical presentation is highly variable, ranging from the characteristic gastrointestinal syndrome to oligo- or asymptomatic forms. The prevalence of CD is high (close to 1%), though the disease is underdiagnosed due to lack of knowledge and appropriate case-finding strategies. Undiagnosed patients, and therefore not treated, may have a higher risk of complications, some of them irreversible, which reduce the quality of life and working ability. In susceptible individuals, the disease is only developed when a dietary antigen called gluten is ingested (gluten is constituted by a group of proteins from wheat, barley, rye and oats, generally known as gliadins and gluten). The ingestion of these proteins leads to the histological lesion in the small bowel mucosa and the loss of absorptive function by the epithelium. Several diseases associated to CD have been described, particularly those with an autoimmune aetiology, such as diabetes mellitus type I or rheumatoid arthritis. Susceptibility to develop CD is associated with the presence of discrete alleles of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), in particular HLA-DQ2 or DQ8, which are found in almost all CD patients. The expansion and activation of T cells specific for gluten-derived peptides and the increased production of IFN-Îł in the intestinal mucosa are the most characteristic elements of the adaptive response to gluten. On the other hand, innate immunity is triggered by certain gliadin peptides which induce proinflammatory mechanisms. Although currently many aspects of the pathogenesis of CD are known, which has allowed a better early detection of patients and contributed to a deeper understanding of the role of the mucosal immune system, there are still many challenges for researchers. Along this review, we present and discuss different findings that have improved the diagnosis of the disease and, consequently, the quality of life of patients.Laboratorio de Investigaciones del Sistema Inmun
Enfermedad celĂaca: una inmunopatologĂa muy frecuente pero poco conocida
La Enfermedad CelĂaca (EC) es una enteropatĂa crĂłnica de base inmunolĂłgica, en la que intervienen mecanismos tanto de la inmunidad innata como adaptativa. La presentaciĂłn clĂnica es altamente variable, desde cuadros gastrointestinales caracterĂsticos hasta formas oligo o asintomáticas. La prevalencia de EC es muy elevada (cercana al 1%), sin embargo, se encuentra fuertemente subdiagnosticada por falta de conocimiento y de estrategias de bĂşsqueda adecuadas. Los pacientes no diagnosticados y por lo tanto no tratados tienen consecuencias severas, muchas de ellas irreversibles, que reducen su calidad de vida y capacidad laboral. En individuos susceptibles, la patologĂa sĂłlo se desarrolla en presencia de un antĂgeno dietario denominado gluten y constituido mayoritariamente por un grupo de proteĂnas de trigo, cebada, centeno y avena, denominadas gliadinas o gluten. La ingesta de estas proteĂnas produce alteraciĂłn histolĂłgica en la mucosa del intestino delgado y pĂ©rdida de la funciĂłn de absorciĂłn de nutrientes. Existen varias enfermedades fuertemente asociadas a la EC, en particular aquellas con componentes autoinmunes como diabetes mellitus tipo I y artritis reumatoidea. La susceptibilidad a desarrollar EC está asociada a la presencia de determinados alelos del complejo mayor de histocompatibilidad (CMH), en particular HLA-DQ2 y DQ8 los que están presentes en casi la totalidad de los pacientes. La expansiĂłn y activaciĂłn de linfocitos T especĂficos de pĂ©ptidos derivados del gluten y la abundante producciĂłn de IFN-Îł son los elementos más caracterĂsticos de la respuesta adaptativa en la mucosa intestinal. Por otra parte, la inmunidad innata se manifiesta frente a ciertos pĂ©ptidos derivados de gliadinas que inducen mecanismos proinflamatorios. Aunque en la actualidad se conocen con detalle mĂşltiples aspectos de la patogenia de EC que han permitido una mejora de la detecciĂłn temprana de los pacientes y la profundizaciĂłn en el conocimiento del rol del sistema inmune en la mucosa intestinal, aĂşn existen importantes desafĂos para los investigadores. A lo largo de esta revisiĂłn presentaremos y discutiremos varios de los hallazgos que han mejorado el diagnĂłstico de la enfermedad y, consecuentemente, la calidad de vida de los pacientes.Celiac disease (CD) is a chronic enteropathy induced by the immune system where mechanisms of both innate and adaptive immunity are involved. The clinical presentation is highly variable, ranging from the characteristic gastrointestinal syndrome to oligo- or asymptomatic forms. The prevalence of CD is high (close to 1%), though the disease is underdiagnosed due to lack of knowledge and appropriate case-finding strategies. Undiagnosed patients, and therefore not treated, may have a higher risk of complications, some of them irreversible, which reduce the quality of life and working ability. In susceptible individuals, the disease is only developed when a dietary antigen called gluten is ingested (gluten is constituted by a group of proteins from wheat, barley, rye and oats, generally known as gliadins and gluten). The ingestion of these proteins leads to the histological lesion in the small bowel mucosa and the loss of absorptive function by the epithelium. Several diseases associated to CD have been described, particularly those with an autoimmune aetiology, such as diabetes mellitus type I or rheumatoid arthritis. Susceptibility to develop CD is associated with the presence of discrete alleles of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), in particular HLA-DQ2 or DQ8, which are found in almost all CD patients. The expansion and activation of T cells specific for gluten-derived peptides and the increased production of IFN-Îł in the intestinal mucosa are the most characteristic elements of the adaptive response to gluten. On the other hand, innate immunity is triggered by certain gliadin peptides which induce proinflammatory mechanisms. Although currently many aspects of the pathogenesis of CD are known, which has allowed a better early detection of patients and contributed to a deeper understanding of the role of the mucosal immune system, there are still many challenges for researchers. Along this review, we present and discuss different findings that have improved the diagnosis of the disease and, consequently, the quality of life of patients.Laboratorio de Investigaciones del Sistema Inmun
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