2,888 research outputs found
Dynamic Pattern Formation in a Vesicle-Generating Microfluidic Device
Spatiotemporal pattern formation occurs in a variety of nonequilibrium physical and chemical systems. Here we show that a microfluidic device designed to produce reverse micelles can generate complex, ordered patterns as it is continuously operated far from thermodynamic equilibrium. Flow in a microfluidic system is usually simple—viscous effects dominate and the low Reynolds number leads to laminar flow. Self-assembly of the vesicles into patterns depends on channel geometry and relative fluid pressures, enabling the production of motifs ranging from monodisperse droplets to helices and ribbons
Calcutta Botanic Garden and the colonial re-ordering of the Indian environment
This article examines three hand-painted colour maps that accompanied the annual report of the Calcutta Botanic Garden for 1846 to illustrate how the Garden’s layout, uses and functions had changed over the previous 30 years. The evolution of the Calcutta Botanic Garden in the first half of the nineteenth-century reflects a wider shift in attitudes regarding the relationship between science, empire and the natural world. On a more human level the maps result from, and illustrate, the development of a vicious personal feud between the two eminent colonial botanists charged with superintending the garden in the 1840s
Representations of Time Coordinates in FITS
In a series of three previous papers, formulation and specifics of the
representation of World Coordinate Transformations in FITS data have been
presented. This fourth paper deals with encoding time. Time on all scales and
precisions known in astronomical datasets is to be described in an unambiguous,
complete, and self-consistent manner. Employing the well--established World
Coordinate System (WCS) framework, and maintaining compatibility with the FITS
conventions that are currently in use to specify time, the standard is extended
to describe rigorously the time coordinate. World coordinate functions are
defined for temporal axes sampled linearly and as specified by a lookup table.
The resulting standard is consistent with the existing FITS WCS standards and
specifies a metadata set that achieves the aims enunciated above.Comment: FITS WCS Paper IV: Time. 27 pages, 11 table
Guide to the building stones of downtown Cincinnati: a walking tour
Field Trip 16 for the Annual Meeting of the Geological Society of America, Cincinnati, Ohio, October 26-29, 1992.Reprinted 1996
LIS1 RNA interference blocks neural stem cell division, morphogenesis, and motility at multiple stages
Mutations in the human LIS1 gene cause the smooth brain disease classical lissencephaly. To understand the underlying mechanisms, we conducted in situ live cell imaging analysis of LIS1 function throughout the entire radial migration pathway. In utero electroporation of LIS1 small interference RNA and short hairpin dominant negative LIS1 and dynactin cDNAs caused a dramatic accumulation of multipolar progenitor cells within the subventricular zone of embryonic rat brains. This effect resulted from a complete failure in progression from the multipolar to the migratory bipolar state, as revealed by time-lapse analysis of brain slices. Surprisingly, interkinetic nuclear oscillations in the radial glial progenitors were also abolished, as were cell divisions at the ventricular surface. Those few bipolar cells that reached the intermediate zone also exhibited a complete block in somal translocation, although, remarkably, process extension persisted. Finally, axonal growth also ceased. These results identify multiple distinct and novel roles for LIS1 in nucleokinesis and process dynamics and suggest that nuclear position controls neural progenitor cell division
Mixed finite element approximation of the vector Laplacian with Dirichlet boundary conditions
We consider the finite element solution of the vector Laplace equation on a
domain in two dimensions. For various choices of boundary conditions, it is
known that a mixed finite element method, in which the rotation of the solution
is introduced as a second unknown, is advantageous, and appropriate choices of
mixed finite element spaces lead to a stable, optimally convergent
discretization. However, the theory that leads to these conclusions does not
apply to the case of Dirichlet boundary conditions, in which both components of
the solution vanish on the boundary. We show, by computational example, that
indeed such mixed finite elements do not perform optimally in this case, and we
analyze the suboptimal convergence that does occur. As we indicate, these
results have implications for the solution of the biharmonic equation and of
the Stokes equations using a mixed formulation involving the vorticity
Extremes in dune preservation: controls on the completeness of fluvial deposits
Understanding sedimentary preservation underpins our ability to interpret the ancient sedimentary record and reconstruct palaeoenvironments and palaeoclimates. Dune sets are ubiquitous in preserved river deposits and are typically interpreted based on a model that that describes the recurrence of erosion in a vertical sequence, but without consideringspatial variability. However, spatial variability in flow and sediment transport will change the recurrence of erosion, and therefore dune preservation. In order to better understand the limits of these Interpretations and outline the causes of potential variability in preservation potential, this paper reviews existing work and presents new observations of an extreme end-member of dune preservation: ?form-sets?, formed by dunes in which both stoss- and lee- slopes are preserved Intact. These form-sets do not conform to models that are based on the recurrence of erosion, since erosion does not recur in their case, and can therefore be used to evaluate the assumptions that underpin sedimentary preservation. New Ground Penetrating Radar data from the RĂo Paraná, Argentina, show dune fields that are buried intact within larger scale barforms. These trains of form-sets are up to 300 m in length, are restricted to unit-bar troughs in the upper 5 m of the channel deposits, occur in >5% of the mid-channel bar deposits, show reactivation surfaces, occur in multiple levels, and match the size of average-flow dunes. A review of published accounts of form-sets highlights a diversity of processes that can be envisaged for their formation: i) abandonment after extreme floods, ii) slow burial of abandoned dune forms by cohesive clay in sheltered bar troughs and meander-neck cut-offs, iii) fast burial by mass-movement processes, and iv)climbing of dune sets due to local dominance of deposition over dune migration.Analysis of these new and published accounts of form-sets and their burial processes highlights that form-sets need not be indicative of extreme floods. Instead, form-sets are closely associated with surrounding geomorphology such as river banks, meander-neck cutoffs,and bars because this larger-scale context controls the local sediment budget and the nature of recurrence of erosion. Locally enhanced preservation by the ?extreme? dominance of deposition is further promoted by finer grain sizes and prolonged changes in flow stage. Such conditions are characteristic, although not exclusive, of large lowland rivers such as the RĂo Paraná. The spatial control on dune preservation is critical: although at-a-point models adequately describe near-horizontal sets of freely migrating dunes in uniform flows, they are unsuitable for inclined dune co-sets and other cases where multiple scales of bedforms interact. Spatial and temporal variations in flow and sediment transport betweenthe thalweg and different positions on larger bar-forms can change the preservation potential of dunes within river channels. Therefore, dune set thickness distributions are likely grouped in larger-scale units that reflect both formative dune geometries and bar-scale variations inpreservation potential. The multi-scale dynamics of preservation highlighted herein also provides a useful comparison for other sedimentary systemsFil: Reesink, Arnold J.. University Of Binghamton; Estados UnidosFil: Van den Berg, J. H.. University of Utrecht; PaĂses BajosFil: Parsons, Daniel R.. University Of Hull; Reino UnidoFil: Amsler, Mario Luis. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de IngenierĂa y Ciencias HĂdricas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas; ArgentinaFil: Best, James L.. University of Illinois. Urbana - Champaign; Estados UnidosFil: Hardy, Richard J.. University Of Durham; Reino UnidoFil: Orfeo, Oscar. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - Nordeste. Centro de EcologĂa Aplicada del Litoral. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Centro de EcologĂa Aplicada del Litoral; ArgentinaFil: Szupiany, Ricardo Nicolas. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de IngenierĂa y Ciencias HĂdricas; Argentin
Adaptable-radius, time-orbiting magnetic ring trap for Bose-Einstein condensates
We theoretically investigate an adjustable-radius magnetic storage ring for
laser-cooled and Bose-condensed atoms. Additionally, we discuss a novel
time-dependent variant of this and other ring traps. Time-orbiting ring traps
provide a high optical access method for spin-flip loss prevention near a
storage ring's circular magnetic field zero. Our scalable storage ring will
allow one to probe the fundamental limits of condensate Sagnac interferometry.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures. accepted in J Phys
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