Sobre la desviación entre los juristas

The context of this article is France after May 1968. Arnaud sets out to explain the motivations that gave rise to anti-establishment structures within the legal profession in that country. That is, the author explains how the movement of “critical legal studies” emerged. The more critical judiciary believed that social issues are political issues, while the conservative sectors of the judiciary accused critics of being “politicized”. The anti-establishment sector of the Academy denounced the formalist ideology that avoids the social and economic implications of the laws. Finally, the system attempts to integrate the response through reforms.El contexto de este artículo es la Francia posterior a mayo del 68. Arnaud se propone explicar las motivaciones que dan lugar al nacimiento de estructuras contestatarias dentro de las profesiones jurídicas en dicho país. Es decir, el autor explica cómo surge el movimiento de la “teoría crítica del derecho”. La judicatura más crítica considera que los problemas sociales son problemas políticos, y los sectores conservadores del poder judicial acusan a los sectores críticos de estar “politizados”. El sector contestatario de la Academia denuncia la ideología formalista que elude las implicaciones sociales y económicas de las normas. Finalmente, el sistema intenta integrar la contestación mediante reformas

Underwater acoustic wave generation by filamentation of terawatt ultrashort laser pulses

Acoustic signals generated by filamentation of ultrashort TW laser pulses in water are characterized experimentally. Measurements reveal a strong influence of input pulse duration on the shape and intensity of the acoustic wave. Numerical simulations of the laser pulse nonlinear propagation and the subsequent water hydrodynamics and acoustic wave generation show that the strong acoustic emission is related to the mechanism of superfilamention in water. The elongated shape of the plasma volume where energy is deposited drives the far-field profile of the acoustic signal, which takes the form of a radially directed pressure wave with a single oscillation and a very broad spectrum.Comment: 9 pages, 12 figure

I.C.E.: a Transportable Atomic Inertial Sensor for Test in Microgravity

We present our the construction of an atom interferometer for inertial sensing in microgravity, as part of the I.C.E. (\textit{Interf\'{e}rom\'{e}trie Coh\'{e}rente pour l'Espace}) collaboration. On-board laser systems have been developed based on fibre-optic components, which are insensitive to mechanical vibrations and acoustic noise, have sub-MHz linewidth, and remain frequency stabilised for weeks at a time. A compact, transportable vacuum system has been built, and used for laser cooling and magneto-optical trapping. We will use a mixture of quantum degenerate gases, bosonic $^{87}$Rb and fermionic $^{40}$K, in order to find the optimal conditions for precision and sensitivity of inertial measurements. Microgravity will be realised in parabolic flights lasting up to 20s in an Airbus. We show that the factors limiting the sensitivity of a long-interrogation-time atomic inertial sensor are the phase noise in reference frequency generation for Raman-pulse atomic beam-splitters and acceleration fluctuations during free fall

Design and evaluation of Actichip, a thematic microarray for the study of the actin cytoskeleton

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The actin cytoskeleton plays a crucial role in supporting and regulating numerous cellular processes. Mutations or alterations in the expression levels affecting the actin cytoskeleton system or related regulatory mechanisms are often associated with complex diseases such as cancer. Understanding how qualitative or quantitative changes in expression of the set of actin cytoskeleton genes are integrated to control actin dynamics and organisation is currently a challenge and should provide insights in identifying potential targets for drug discovery. Here we report the development of a dedicated microarray, the Actichip, containing 60-mer oligonucleotide probes for 327 genes selected for transcriptome analysis of the human actin cytoskeleton.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Genomic data and sequence analysis features were retrieved from GenBank and stored in an integrative database called Actinome. From these data, probes were designed using a home-made program (CADO4MI) allowing sequence refinement and improved probe specificity by combining the complementary information recovered from the UniGene and RefSeq databases. Actichip performance was analysed by hybridisation with RNAs extracted from epithelial MCF-7 cells and human skeletal muscle. Using thoroughly standardised procedures, we obtained microarray images with excellent quality resulting in high data reproducibility. Actichip displayed a large dynamic range extending over three logs with a limit of sensitivity between one and ten copies of transcript per cell. The array allowed accurate detection of small changes in gene expression and reliable classification of samples based on the expression profiles of tissue-specific genes. When compared to two other oligonucleotide microarray platforms, Actichip showed similar sensitivity and concordant expression ratios. Moreover, Actichip was able to discriminate the highly similar actin isoforms whereas the two other platforms did not.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Our data demonstrate that Actichip is a powerful alternative to commercial high density microarrays for cytoskeleton gene profiling in normal or pathological samples. Actichip is available upon request.</p

Toxicomanie dans le canton de Vaud : cinquième période d'évaluation 2004-2006. Cahier 1

Les objectifs de l'évaluation pour la période 2004-2006 étaient les suivants : suivre l'évolution de la situation épidémiologique de la toxicomanie dans le canton de Vaud en s'appuyant sur les données existantes. - Répéter l'enquête sur les comportements des consommateurs de drogue dans les structures à bas seuil effectuée régulièrement dans le cadre d'une enquête nationale. - Evaluer l'émergence de nouvelles demandes de prise en charge et de nouveaux modes de consommation problématique sans héroïne. - Suivre l'évolution des structures de traitement et d'accueil à bas seuil. - Analyser la prise en charge par les médecins praticiens. - Contribuer à la réflexion sur l'apport de mesures de réduction des risques et de traitement en complément au dispositif actuel (locaux d'injection et prescription d'héroïne sous contrôle médical). [Extrait Introduction p. 5]]]> Substance-Related Disorders ; Substance Abuse Treatment Centers ; Prisons ; Syringes ; Evaluation Studies ; Switzerland ; Vaud fre https://serval.unil.ch/resource/serval:BIB_33A1F8396319.P001/REF.pdf http://nbn-resolving.org/urn/resolver.pl?urn=urn:nbn:ch:serval-BIB_33A1F83963193 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/urn/urn:nbn:ch:serval-BIB_33A1F83963193 info:eu-repo/semantics/submittedVersion info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Copying allowed only for non-profit organizations https://serval.unil.ch/disclaimer application/pdf oai:serval.unil.ch:BIB_33A255F82CDD 2022-05-07T01:14:47Z <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd"> https://serval.unil.ch/notice/serval:BIB_33A255F82CDD Caspase-induced inactivation of the anti-apoptotic TRAF1 during Fas ligand-mediated apoptosis. info:doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(00)01206-0 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1016/S0014-5793(00)01206-0 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pmid/10692572 Irmler, M. Steiner, V. Ruegg, C. Wajant, H. Tschopp, J. info:eu-repo/semantics/article article 2000 FEBS Letters, vol. 468, no. 2-3, pp. 129-133 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pissn/0014-5793 urn:issn:0014-5793 <![CDATA[The activation of the transcription factor NF-kappaB often results in protection against apoptosis. In particular, pro-apoptotic tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signals are blocked by proteins that are induced by NF-kappaB such as TNFR-associated factor 1 (TRAF1). Here we show that TRAF1 is cleaved after Asp-163 when cells are induced to undergo apoptosis by Fas ligand (FasL). The C-terminal cleavage product blocks the induction of NF-kappaB by TNF and therefore functions as a dominant negative (DN) form of TRAF1. Our results suggest that the generation of DN-TRAF1 is part of a pro-apoptotic amplification system to assure rapid cell death

Conventional analysis methods underestimate the plant-available pools of calcium, magnesium and potassium in forest soils

The plant-available pools of calcium, magnesium and potassium are assumed to be stored in the soil as exchangeable cations adsorbed on the cation exchange complex. In numerous forest ecosystems, despite very low plant-available pools, elevated forest productivities are sustained. We hypothesize that trees access nutrient sources in the soil that are currently unaccounted by conventional soil analysis methods. We carried out an isotopic dilution assay to quantify the plant-available pools of calcium, magnesium and potassium and trace the soil phases that support these pools in 143 individual soil samples covering 3 climatic zones and 5 different soil types. For 81%, 87% and 90% of the soil samples (respectively for Ca, Mg and K), the plant-available pools measured by isotopic dilution were greater than the conventional exchangeable pool. This additional pool is most likely supported by secondary non-crystalline mineral phases in interaction with soil organic matter and represents in many cases (respectively 43%, 27% and 47% of the soil samples) a substantial amount of plant-available nutrient cations (50% greater than the conventional exchangeable pools) that is likely to play an essential role in the biogeochemical functioning of forest ecosystems, in particular when the resources of Ca, Mg and K are low