Determination of differential cross sections from t¯t fully leptonic, using the matrix element method

The purpose of this work is the development of a new analysis technique that allows the determination of differential cross sections with respect to arbitrary kinematic variables. This is illustrated for top quark pairs production where two leptons are present in the final state together with two neutrinos that cannot be detected. By estimating the t¯t invariant mass and the angle between the top quarks in the t¯t rest frame, the sensitivity to the presence of new physics is demonstrated. This technique, based on the matrix element method, makes the optimal use of the experimental information given a set of theoretical hypotheses

Psychedelic-Assisted Psychotherapy for Existential Suffering: Facilitating Self-Transcendence at the End-of-Life

Although existential suffering is amongst the most devastating forms of distress experienced by many patients nearing the end-of-life, it is often unsatisfactorily addressed due to a paucity of effective interventions. However, both historic and recent studies of psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy have reported marked alleviation of this suffering. As such, this article seeks to advance the rationale for the use of psychedelic substances in the provision of psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy for patients nearing the end-of-life. It begins with an overview of the classic psychedelics and their application in psychotherapy, highlighting recent studies. This is followed with a conceptual overview of existential suffering at the end-of-life and the process of selftranscendence. These sections are then integrated in a theoretical rationale for psychedelic-assisted mystical states as a means of facilitating the development of self-transcendence and, through it, the remediation of existential suffering. The paper concludes with a discussion of practical and philosophical considerations germane to the safe and ethical application of psychedelics in healthcare. In particular, developmental considerations for assessing both therapist and patient applicability in utilizing this modality are proposed

Psychedelic-Assisted Psychotherapy for Existential Suffering: Facilitating Self-Transcendence at the End-of-Life

Although existential suffering is amongst the most devastating forms of distress experienced by many patients nearing the end-of-life, it is often unsatisfactorily addressed due to a paucity of effective interventions. However, both historic and recent studies of psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy have reported marked alleviation of this suffering. As such, this article seeks to advance the rationale for the use of psychedelic substances in the provision of psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy for patients nearing the end-of-life. It begins with an overview of the classic psychedelics and their application in psychotherapy, highlighting recent studies. This is followed with a conceptual overview of existential suffering at the end-of-life and the process of selftranscendence. These sections are then integrated in a theoretical rationale for psychedelic-assisted mystical states as a means of facilitating the development of self-transcendence and, through it, the remediation of existential suffering. The paper concludes with a discussion of practical and philosophical considerations germane to the safe and ethical application of psychedelics in healthcare. In particular, developmental considerations for assessing both therapist and patient applicability in utilizing this modality are proposed

Controllable-dipole quantum memory

We present a quantum memory protocol for photons that is based on the direct control of the transition dipole moment. We focus on the case where the light-matter interaction is enhanced by a cavity. We show that the optimal write process (maximizing the storage efficiency) is related to the optimal read process by a reversal of the {\it effective time} $\tau=\int dt g^2(t)/\kappa$, where $g(t)$ is the time-dependent coupling and $\kappa$ is the cavity decay rate. We discuss the implementation of the protocol in a rare-earth ion doped crystal, where an optical transition can be turned on and off by switching a magnetic field.Comment: 7 pages, 6 figure

Psychosis or Spiritual Emergency: The Potential of Developmental Psychopathology for Differential Diagnosis

This paper reviews the nosological systems in the field of psychology, comparing the classic medical model with a developmental approach to psychopathology and wellbeing. The argument is made that a developmental model offers greater refinement for distinguishing phenomenologically similar experiential states. Due to their substantial overt resemblance, a contrast between spiritual emergencies and pathological psychotic reactions is presented as an example. To make this comparison, the nature and etiology of psychotic disorders is reviewed, underscoring their developmental, as opposed to spontaneous, origins. This is followed by a brief overview of spirituality and its place in psychological wellbeing and development. Finally, the concept of spiritual emergency is presented, followed by a discussion of how a holistic, developmental understanding of psychological disorder and wellbeing can aid clinicians in differentiating psychotic experiences indicative of psychopathology from spiritual emergencies

Comparisons of degradation kinetics of chloroethenes in groundwater between microcosms and field scale

International audienceGroundwater pollution by chlorinated solvents is a major concern since several years. It has been demonstrated that in specific physicochemical conditions, microbial processes like direct reductive dechlorination allow contamination reduction at several sites. Therefore, determination of biodegradation kinetics of chloroethenes is crucial in applying Natural Attenuation protocols on contaminated sites and assessing the potential risks for human health and natural media Biodegradation of chlorinated solvents is effective in highly reduced conditions, which rarely concerns the whole contaminant plume. In this study, direct reductive dechlorination of chloroethenes was studied on two different scales, on microcosms in the laboratory and at the real scale that corresponds to the contaminated site Microcosms studies were conducted in three different ways. (1) sediments sampled from the site and mixed with groundwater modified or not by a synthetic electron donor (Na propionate, Na lactate, toluene), (2) composite sediments coming from several places of the site mixed with groundwater modified or not by a synthetic electron donor; (3) autoclaved sediments and groundwater modified or not by synthetic organic matter. Studies on the real scale were conducted by the achievement of a synthesis of historical data (hydrogeological, geological and physicochemical data) of a polluted site. The synthesis of physicochemical data and then modelling the real site revealed the presence of degradation products of chloroethenes in the plume : cis-1,2-DCE and VC The results of comparisons of degradation kinetics obtained on the laboratory and the field under the same physicochemical conditions showed significant differences. Indeed, biodegradation of chlorinated solvents were faster in lab studies than in the field at the global scale. The existence of chlorinated ethenes biotransformation in microcosms confirmed the presence of a bacterial population able to catalyse reductive dechlorination reaction until CV. It is also likely that the bacterial consortium permitted to degrade other species like electron acceptors; detection of sulphide ions and Fe(II) and the presence of a black precipitate of FeS are proofs of sulphate reducing, ferro reducing and dechlorinating activities. The clear difference that there is between kinetics of degradation on microcosms and field scale could be explained by differences in chemical conditions that are not optimal everywhere in the plume of pollutants. The differences of chemical conditions (electron acceptors, type of natural organic matter, pH, redox potential...) are investigated in details to explain the differences in kinetic constant

Phase transitions in optimal unsupervised learning

We determine the optimal performance of learning the orientation of the symmetry axis of a set of P = alpha N points that are uniformly distributed in all the directions but one on the N-dimensional sphere. The components along the symmetry breaking direction, of unitary vector B, are sampled from a mixture of two gaussians of variable separation and width. The typical optimal performance is measured through the overlap Ropt=B.J* where J* is the optimal guess of the symmetry breaking direction. Within this general scenario, the learning curves Ropt(alpha) may present first order transitions if the clusters are narrow enough. Close to these transitions, high performance states can be obtained through the minimization of the corresponding optimal potential, although these solutions are metastable, and therefore not learnable, within the usual bayesian scenario.Comment: 9 pages, 8 figures, submitted to PRE, This new version of the paper contains one new section, Bayesian versus optimal solutions, where we explain in detail the results supporting our claim that bayesian learning may not be optimal. Figures 4 of the first submission was difficult to understand. We replaced it by two new figures (Figs. 4 and 5 in this new version) containing more detail

SIMBOL-X : a new generation hard X-ray telescope

SIMBOL-X is a hard X-ray mission, operating in the 0.5-70 keV range, which is proposed by a consortium of European laboratories for a launch around 2010. Relying on two spacecraft in a formation flying configuration, SIMBOL-X uses a 30 m focal length X-ray mirror to achieve an unprecedented angular resolution (30 arcsec HEW) and sensitivity (100 times better than INTEGRAL below 50 keV) in the hard X-ray range. SIMBOL-X will allow to elucidate fundamental questions in high energy astrophysics, such as the physics of accretion onto Black Holes, of acceleration in quasar jets and in supernovae remnants, or the nature of the hard X-ray diffuse emission. The scientific objectives and the baseline concepts of the mission and hardware design are presented.Comment: 12 pages, 16 fig., Proc. SPIE conf. 5168, San Diego, Aug. 200

Play, learn, explore: grasping complexity through gaming and photography

Increased demand for agricultural products, the aspirations of rural communities and a growing recognition of planetary boundaries outline the complex trade-offs resource users are facing on a daily basis. Management problems typically involve multiple stakeholders with diverse and often conflicting worldviews, needs and agendas, in an environment with growing uncertainty. How to improve the flow of information between decision makers? What future landscapes will best resolve the apparently conflicting demands? To address these questions, our methodology has been based on participatory modeling and ‘ethnophotography in environmental science’, a term we have coined to describe our use of photography to explore the perceptions of landscape by resource users. We apply these coupled methods in the social-ecological landscape of the Alaotra, Madagascar. Within the realms of the AlaReLa (Alaotra Resilience Landscape) project, we have developed conceptual models that link actors, resources, norms and institutions, ecological processes and social dynamics through participatory modeling workshops. These involved farmers, academics, conservationists and decision makers. Recognizing and understanding the multiple linkages and feedback loops between all of these components and processes is a crucial first step in the design of socially acceptable strategies. In this paper we highlight the interaction of participatory research and photography, to show how they exchange and nurture each other, and how this approach allows the evolution of a common understanding of a social- ecological system.RÉSUMÉL'augmentation de la demande de produits agricoles, les aspirations des communautés rurales et la reconnaissance croissante d’une planète aux frontières limités mettent en exergue les compromis complexes auxquels les utilisateurs des ressources sont confrontés de manière quotidienne. Ces problèmes de gestion impliquent généralement de multiples parties prenantes ayant des visions du monde et des besoins variés et souvent conflictuels, dans un environnement où l' incertitude augmente. Comment peut-on améliorer le flux d' information entre les preneurs de décision ? Quels futures utilisations du territoire résoudront au mieux des demandes apparemment contradictoires ? Pour répondre à ces questions, notre méthodologie a été basée sur la modélisation participative et l' « ethnophotographie en sciences de l'environnement », terme que nous avons créé pour décrire notre utilisation de la photographie afin d’explorer les perceptions de leur environnement par les utilisateurs de ressources. Nous appliquons ces méthodes couplées dans le paysage socio-écologique de l'Alaotra, à Madagascar. Dans le cadre du projet AlaReLa (Alaotra Resilience Landscape), nous avons développé des modèles conceptuels qui relient les acteurs, les ressources, les normes et institutions, les processus écologiques et la dynamique sociale à travers des ateliers de modélisation participative. Les participants en étaient des agriculteurs, des universitaires, des conservationistes et des décideurs. Mettre en évidence et comprendre les liens multiples et les boucles de renforcement entre tous les composants et processus est une première étape cruciale dans la conception de stratégies socialement acceptables. Dans cet article, nous soulignons l' interaction entre la recherche participative et la photographie, afin de montrer comment elles échangent et se nourrissent l’une de l’autre, et comment cette approche permet une évolution vers une compréhension commune d'un système socio-écologique