Kemiskinan dan Konversi Agama (Studi Kasus Masyarakat Balangbuki Desa Tonasa Kecamatan Tombolo Pao Kabupaten Gowa)

Skripsi ini adalah suatu kajian ilmiah yang membahas tentang Kemiskinan dan Konversi Agama (Studi Kasus Masyarakat Balangbuki Desa Tonasa Kec. Tombolo Pao Kab. Gowa). Kemiskinan merupakan permasalahan yang kompleks bagi setiap negara, terutama negara besar seperti Indonesia. Kemiskinan adalah salah satu sebab kemunduran dan kehancuran suatu Negara. Bahkan Islam memandang kemiskinan merupakan suatu hal yang mendekatkan manusia dengan kekufuran. Kemiskinan juga telah menjadi fenomena sosial di masyarakat Balangbuki yang telah membawa berbagai macam dampak sosial. Salah satu dampak yang ditimbulkan adalah terjadinya konversi agama atau berpindahnya seseorang atau sekelompok orang ke suatu system kepercayaan (agama) atau perilaku yang berlawanan dengan kepercayaan (agama) sebelumnya, yaitu agama Islam. Selain itu, terjadinya konversi agama di Balangbuki disebabkan karena ketidakpuasan terhadap sistem adat dan agama yang ada pada waktu itu, dan juga karena adanya perkawinan dengan orang luar. Masuknya ajaran Kristen di Balangbuki telah membawa perubahan bagi sebagian masyarakat, baik di bidang pendidikan maupun di bidang ekonomi. Umumnya mereka mendapatkan bantuan-bantuan sosial dari kaum gerejawan dan fasilitas pendidikan yang selama ini tidak mereka dapatkan. Minimnya perhatian pemerintah setempat terhadap kebutuhan masyarakat Balangbuki pada pengembangan sumber daya alam dan sumber daya manusia Balangbuki juga menjadi penyebab keterbelakangan dan rendahnya kreatifitas masyarakat untuk memenuhi kebutuhan sehari-hari mereka. Untuk itu penelitian ini bermaksud mengetahui kondisi demikian secara mendalam dan komprehensif tentang bagaimana Kemiskinan dan Konversi Agama (Studi Kasus Masyarakat Balangbuki Desa Tonasa Kec. Tombolo Pao Kab. Gowa). Adapun metode yang digunakan adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian deskriptif dengan melakukan pengumpulan data dan analisa data

Respostas Neuroendócrinas de um Modelo Experimental de Ataque de Pânico

Os ataques de pânico (AP) em humanos, tanto espontâneos como induzidos por lactato de sódio, não são acompanhados pelo aumento da secreção dos hormônios do estresse de corticotrofina (ACTH), cortisol (CORT) e prolactina (PRL). Estudos anteriores mostraram que estes hormônios também não são alterados após os comportamentos de defesa produzidos por estimulação elétrica da matéria cinzenta periaquedutal dorsal (MCPD) de ratos. Contudo, os níveis matinais de CORT destes experimentos situavam-se em torno de 300 ng/ml, valores muito superiores aos esperados (60-100 ng/ml). Embora os valores basais de CORT não expliquem a ausência de resposta da PRL, eles podem ter inibido a resposta de ACTH. De fato, estudos posteriores de outros autores mostraram que ratos com níveis normais de CORT apresentaram aumentos significantes dos níveis deste hormônio 30 min após o comportamento de fuga induzido por estimulação da MCPD. Contudo, a elevação da CORT pode ter sido devida ao esforço muscular da resposta intensa de fuga. Assim, o presente estudo analisou a influência de rotinas laboratoriais nos níveis basais dos hormônios do estresse (Estudo I) e re-examinou as respostas hormonais à estimulação da MCPD em arenas com diâmetro grande (60 cm) ou pequeno (20 cm), na qual as respostas de trote e galope são suprimidas (Estudo II). Dentre outros resultados, o Estudo I mostrou que o manuseio diário e exposição repetida ao mesmo ambiente potenciam as respostas neuroendócrinas destes procedimentos. Por sua vez, o Estudo II corroborou os resultados anteriores com estimulação na arenas grande e mostrou que ratos com níveis basais reduzidos de CORT não apresentam alteração alguma dos hormônios do estresse 2 ou 30 min após estimulações na arena pequena com a intensidade limiar de fuga da arena grande. Estes resultados são consistentes com a mediação dos AP pela MCPD

Impact of UV wavelength and curing time on the properties of spin-coated low-k films

Advanced spin-on k 2.3 films with similar to 40% porosity were enabled by liquid phase self-assembly (LPSA) mechanism on Si substrates. UV-assisted thermal template removal is investigated as a faster alternative to the conventional thermal process. The as-deposited films were exposed to narrow-band UV light of 172 nm, 222 nm, 254 nm or 185/254 nm at 400 degrees C for different time. The optical, mechanical, chemical and electrical properties of the resulting films are discussed in this work. Photons with wavelength of about 172 nm from one side are detrimental to the electrical and chemical properties of the low-k films hut from the other side notably improve the porous low-k mechanical properties. Exposure to 222 nm light as short as 3 min, is more efficient in terms of template removal when compared to 2h thermal cure, while in both cases similar mechanical and electrical properties are reported. UV-cure using 254 nm or dual band 254/185 nm photons seem to have a minor contribution to the template removal efficiency for the applied doses. Higher doses are necessary in order to better understand the effective contribution of these photon energies. Finally, the HF etching mechanism is discussed

Laser anneal of oxycarbosilane low-k film

Submilisecond laser anneal has been experimentally investigated for porogen removal and its ability to improve the mechanical strength in oxycarbosilane ultra low-k films compromised due to the introduction of porosity. We report the occurrence of extensive bond rearrangements inferred from Fourier-transform infra-red (FTIR) spectroscopy, elastic recoil detection (ERD) and spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) in the energy range of 1.4-8 eV. The laser anneal affects most notably the organic content of the organosilicate matrix leading to depletion and reorganization. Nevertheless, the tested conditions reveal a processing window which allows for 13% improvement of Young’s modulus as compared to the reference film, annealed in a conventional furnace at 400°C for 2 h, while not impacting the relative dielectric constant of 2.25

Carrot Juice Consumption During Chemotherapy Increases Haemoglobin Level on Patients with Cancer of Cervix Stage Ii-b

Introduction: Ca Cervix patients who had a chemotherapy may experience depletion of Hb level. Hb level can increase by giving a natural carrot juice. The nutritional content of carrot juice such as beta karoten, ferrum, calcium, vitamin B, vitamin C and protein can assist bone marrow produce Hb and lymphosite. The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of carrot juice consumption during chemotherapy on Hb level of patients with Ca Cervix stage II-b. Method: This study used a quasy experimental design and the population was the patients who stayed at gynecology room. The sampling technique was used consecutive sampling, with the total sample were 16 respondents. Data were collected by taken the blood sample and analyzed by using Paired t-Test and Independent t-Test. Result: The result showed that carrot juice influent on the change of rate of Hb with significance level (p=0.005). Discussion: It can be concluded that by giving carrot juice to the patients with experiencing chemotherapy, can increase Hb level. Further studies are recommended to analyze the effect of carrot Juice on patient with low Hb level during Chemotherapy for further possibilities

Effect of the C-bridge length on the ultraviolet-resistance of oxycarbosilane low-k films

The ultra-violet (UV) and vacuum ultra-violet (VUV) resistance of bridging alkylene groups in organosilica films has been investigated. Similar to the Si-CH3 (methyl) bonds, the Si-CH2-Si (methylene) bonds are not affected by 5.6 eV irradiation. On the other hand, the concentration of the Si-CH2-CH2-Si (ethylene) groups decreases during such UV exposure. More significant difference in alkylene reduction is observed when the films are exposed to VUV (7.2 eV). The ethylene groups are depleted by more than 75% while only about 40% methylene and methyl groups loss is observed. The different sensitivity of bridging groups to VUV light should be taken into account during the development of curing and plasma etch processes of low-k materials based on periodic mesoporous organosilicas and oxycarbosilanes. The experimental results are qualitatively supported by ab-initio quantum-chemical calculations

Health Believe Model Implementation on the Analyze of Family Decision to Visit the Public Health Center

Introduction : Dengue Haemorhagic Fever (DHF) is one of infecsius deseases. These deseases can have serious complications and kill the patients. Dengue Haemorhagic Fever (DHF) deseases that is suffered to the patients has become a heavy complication in Tembok Dukuh village. By the health belief model implementation, the patients got earlier response as soon as possible. The objective of the study was to analyze family\u27s decision for visiting Puskesmas in earlier response of Dengue Haemorhagic Fever (DHF). This descriptive analytic was conducted at work area of Puskesmas Tembok Dukuh Surabaya. The population was the family with Dengue Haemorhagic Fever (DHF) patient from Januari 2007 until July 2009. Method : Clustered design was used to take the sample. Total sample were 65 respondents, taken according to inclusion criteria. The independent variables were health belief model about perceived susceptibility, perceived seriousness, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, and cues to action. The dependent variable was family\u27s decision for visiting Puskesmas in earlier response of Dengue Haemorhagic Fever (DHF). Data was collecting using structured questionnaire. Data that had collected were later analyzed with frequency distribution of each category. Result : Result showed that perceived susceptibility most family was in middle category, perceived seriousness most family was in high category, most of family got the benefits, most of family also got the barriers, and all of the respondents have cues to action. The family\u27s decision to visit Puskesmas for the earlier Dengue Haemorhagic Fever (DHF) response was founded in a few of family. Analysis : It can be concluded that most of the family didn\u27t have a steady decisison to visit Puskesmas for the earlier Dengue Haemorhagic Fever response. It can be proved by there are most of family chose the others health service. Discussion : Health workers in Desease Eradication Departement (P2M) should sosialize the Puskesmas program related with the earlier Dengue Haemorhagic Fever (DHF) response. So that, the family has believed that visiting Puskesmas is important for the earlier Dengue Haemorhagic Fever (DHF) response

Changing the Personal Hygiene Behavior of Preschool by Reading Stories From Contemporary Books

Introduction: Personal hygiene is an action to maintain a hygiene and body health. This condition must be caring by everyone, because various of desease can happen in lack consequence of hygiene. This study was aimed to investigate the effect of health education with contemporary book story on preschool personal hygiene behaviour (knowledge, attitude, action) at RA Perwanida, Mojokerto. Method: Design use in this study was Quasy Experimental design. The population had taken from RA Perwanida, Mojokerto, in July 2009, whom deal directly with the preschool parents. Total sample was 22 respondents who met B class in RA Perwanida, Mojokerto. They were divided into 2 groups, treatment and control groups. Data were collected by using questionnaire and observation sheet. Data were analyzed by using Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test with significance level of α ≤ 0.05 and Mann Whitney U Test with signi fi cance level ofα ≤ 0.05. Result: Results revealed the presence of effect in treatment and control groups. In treatment group the level of dependence due to preschool knowledge had signi fi cance level of p = 0.002, while that in control group was p = 1.000, to preschool attitude p = 0.034 in treatment, and p = 0.014 in control group, to preschool action p=0.001, and p = 0.317 in control group. Discussion: It can be concluded that there are significant influence of health education with contemporary book story on preschool personal hygiene behaviour. Further study should measure qualitation of understanding about personal hygiene behaviour for teacher in RA Perwanida, Mojokerto