Una comparación entre los resultados antropológicos de cinco yacimientos de oriente antiguo

El conjunto de resultados que nos ofrecen los estudios antropológicos sobre poblaciones de Oriente realizados en las últimas décadas proporcionan la posibilidad de abordar un análisis comparativo sobre los grupos humanos de la región. Este trabajo, que solo consiste en una primera aproximación, únicamente pretende reunir algunos resultados relevantes obtenidos en esas investigaciones. Es indudable que queda mucho por conocer de estas poblaciones, pero hoy sabemos que el crecimiento en número de las investigaciones transdisciplinares que integran antropólogos de poblaciones del pasado en los grupos de trabajo es una realidad, hecho que proporciona un panorama esperanzador para el futuro próximoThe results that have been obtained in previous decades from anthropological studies of populations from the East provide the possibility for a comparative analysis on the human groups of the region. This study, which is only a first approximation, simply aims to collect relevant results obtained in these investigations. Undoubtedly, there is much to know about these populations. Today, however, we know that an increase in the amount of multidisciplinary research, which integrates anthropologists specialized in past populations into work groups, is a reality. This fact provides a hopeful outlook for the near futur

Infancia y adolescencia en la Murcia musulmana: estudios de restos óseos

Tesis doctoral inédita de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Biología. Fecha de lectura: 28-07-9

Dilational Rheology of Fluid/Fluid Interfaces: Foundations and Tools

Fluid/fluid interfaces are ubiquitous in science and technology, and hence, the understanding of their properties presents a paramount importance for developing a broad range of soft interface dominated materials, but also for the elucidation of different problems with biological and medical relevance. However, the highly dynamic character of fluid/fluid interfaces makes shedding light on fundamental features guiding the performance of the interfaces very complicated. Therefore, the study of fluid/fluid interfaces cannot be limited to an equilibrium perspective, as there exists an undeniable necessity to face the study of the deformation and flow of these systems under the application of mechanical stresses, i.e., their interfacial rheology. This is a multidisciplinary challenge that has been evolving fast in recent years, and there is currently available a broad range of experimental and theoretical methodologies providing accurate information of the response of fluid/fluid interfaces under the application of mechanical stresses, mainly dilational and shear. This review focused on providing an updated perspective on the study of the response of fluid/fluid interfaces to dilational stresses; to open up new avenues that enable the exploitation of interfacial dilational rheology and to shed light on different problems in the interest of science and technology.This work was funded in part by MICINN under Grant PID2019-106557GB-C21 and by E.U. on the framework of the European Innovative Training Network—Marie Sklodowska-Curie Action Nano Paint (Grant Agreement 955612)

Tombs, materiality and maternity in the Bell Beaker female burials: Two Case Studies in the middle Tagus valley

Two Bell Beaker tombs in Toledo’s province aid to evaluate the women burials from the Iberian Peninsula and the existence of identifiable behaviour based on sex. Women are part of Bell Beaker burials and they appear in all the different constructions, associations and rituals distinctive of this period of time. Grave goods show heterogeneity while displaying her social relevance and integration within their society. This suggests that the women burials remain in the same social status of Bell Beaker communities, regardless of sex. The fact that one of the case studies is a pregnant woman allows us to rethink the importance of maternity in the 3rd millennium B.C. and the casuality of the pregnancy in women death in the past.El trabajo ha sido realizado dentro de los proyectos CCGC2017-HUM/020 de la UAH y 12122945/2017 JCC

Bronze age Iinhumations in ceramic urn in the middle and upper Tagus basin: A comparative point of view

Se aborda el tema de los enterramientos prehistóricos en urnas en el valle interior del río Tajo. Los caracterizamos a partir de los enterramientos conocidos hasta el momento en la zona y tres más inéditos procedentes del yacimiento de Las Mayores (Toledo), de los que hemos obtenidos recientes datos arqueométricos. Con la información resultante reflexionamos sobre su relación con otros ámbitos peninsulares, especialmente el argárico, donde tienen amplia representación, y sobre su identificación dentro de la secuencia zonal, siendo característicos de la Edad del Bronce pero ajenos a las comunidades Protocogotas. Los enterramientos en pithoi tienen escaso arraigo en el interior peninsular, mostrando, aun así, una enorme variabilidad que impide ver en ellos consideraciones sociales más allá de los valores comprensibles dentro del reducido ámbito familiar, que es el dominante en los enterramientos de la Edad del Bronce en la zonaPrehistoric urn burials in the inland Tagus valley are characterised through the known examples in the area and three new ones at the site of Las Mayores (Toledo), for which archaeometric data have recently been obtained. The information obtained allows a reflection, first on their relationship with other parts of Iberia, especially the Argaric world, where such burials are well known. In second place, their identification within the regional sequence is assessed, as they are characteristic of the Bronze Age but foreign to ProtoCogotas communities. Pithoi burials did not enjoy a tradition in inland Iberia and their great variability does not allow social considerations at the community level. This practice is only comprehensible within the small family circles of the segmentary societies that characterised the Bronze Age in the are

Morphometric and Meristic Characterization of Native Chame Fish (Dormitator latifrons) in Ecuador Using Multivariate Analysis

Ecuador, a country exhibiting large developments in fish farming, has a great variety of freshwater native fish. Among these fish is the Dormitator latifrons or chame, which has characteristics that make its farming prone to occur at a quite-developed stage. However, morphological characterization is required to establish a conservation program. In this study, 300 chames were captured in the Manabi province (Ecuador) to analyze their morphostructural model and to evaluate the effects of sex and the production system through multivariant techniques. The fish from the farm presented morphological measurements that were statistically (p 0.05). The percentage of correct adscription was 84%, with larger errors in wild fish. The morphostructural model had a high homogeneity, with 89.95% significant correlations (p < 0.05), and wild male and female fish were more homogeneous. The farm fish were larger because of the higher food availability. Moreover, the species exhibited sexual dimorphism, although there were no great differences in the morphometric measurements. This study shows the great biodiversity that naturally exists in Ecuadorian rivers. Therefore, it is of great interest to develop a chame breeding and conservation program

Morphological studies in human skeletal remains from Southern Patagonia: from classic morphology to geometric morphometry

A finales del s. XVIII, pero fundamentalmente durante los ss. XIX y XX, se realizan los primeros trabajos craneométricos acerca de las poblaciones que habitaron Patagonia Austral (PA). En esta región, los primeros abordajes de corte tipologista dejaron paso a otra corriente centrada en la estadística multivariante y la síntesis evolutiva a partir de la década de 1980. A fin de abordar cómo ha cambiado la bioantropología de PA a lo largo del tiempo se realizó un diagnóstico acerca de la información que contienen 75 publicaciones morfométricas, desde el año 1937 hasta el año 2020. Los resultados muestran que, en las últimas décadas, se ha producido un incremento exponencial de las publicaciones sobre las poblaciones nativas de PA, centrándose fundamentalmente en el estudio craneano, observándose una preponderancia del abordaje geométrico en la última década. Sin embargo, el trato de los metadatos primarios y secundarios es deficiente; muestra de ello, son los términos utilizados para definir la procedencia de las muestras, los cuales son vagos y poco precisos. El conocimiento acerca de la disposición de los restos esqueléticos y la información aportada acerca de la datación suele ser insuficiente o difusa. Las deficiencias en la comunicación de datos y metadatos conducen a dificultades en la replicabilidad y verificabilidad, promoviendo redundancias, baja eficiencia, e incidiendo en una mala gestión de fondos públicos para investigación. Esperamos que el uso de bases de datos bibliográficas y morfométricas, así como diagnósticos periódicos como este ayuden a que la comunidad bioantropológica comience a reportar en sus publicaciones información relevante asociada a los individuos analizados.At the end of the 18th century, but mainly during the 19th and 20th centuries, the first craniometric studies were carried out on the populations that inhabited Southern Patagonia (SP). Those first approaches were typological analyses, a trend that, from the 1980s onwards, gave way to a perspective focused on multivariate statistics and evolutionary synthesis. In order to address how the discipline has changed over time, a diagnosis was made of the information found in 75 morphometric publications, from 1937 to 2020. In the last decades, there has been an exponential increase in publications in SP focusing mainly in skull study, with a preponderance of the geometric approach over the last decade. However, the treatment of primary and secondary metadata is deficient; for example, the terms used to define provenance are often vague and imprecise, knowledge about the disposition of skeletal remains is scarce, and the information provided about dating is often insufficient or diffuse. Deficiencies in data and metadata reporting result in difficulties in replicability and verifiability, creating redundancies, low efficiency and leading to a poor management of research funds. We hope the use of bibliographic and morphometric databases, as well as periodic diagnostic reviews such as this one, will help the bioanthropological community begin to report relevant information related to the individuals analyzed in their publications.Asociación de Antropología Biológica Argentin

Paleopatología del sacro en cazadores recolectores de Patagonia Austral

El sacro es importante para la estabilidad corporal, la fijación de las extremidades inferiores y la protección de los órganos pélvicos. Este hueso puede verse afectado por patologías de índole congénito, degenerativo o multifactorial. El objetivo del presente estudio es analizar lesiones sacrales en una muestra bien preservada de cazadores-recolectores de Patagonia Austral y la posible influencia de los factores temporo-espaciales y el estilo de vida, con especial atención al momento de contacto nativo-europeo. Se analizaron 56 sacros adultos de ambos sexos fechados en un amplio rango cronológico (5.200 años AP - s. XX), siguiendo la metodología propuesta por Campo (2003, 2015). Las patologías analizadas mostraron que los individuos originarios que habitaron espacios misionales presentaron mayores niveles de prevalencia que sujetos pre-contacto y post-contacto fuera de la misión, excepto en el caso de los nódulos de Schmörl. Los efectos de la edad y el sexo mostraron un patrón similar al observado en otras poblaciones. Se apreció una alta prevalencia de espondilolisis, similar a la observada en Inuits. Debido a la carencia de una metodología estandarizada en la clasificación de la Espina Bífida Oculta -SBO-, este trabajo propone el uso de la propuesta por Kumar y Tubbs (2011).Sacrum is important for body stability, lowerlimbs attachment and pelvic organs protection. This bone could be affected bycongenital, degenerative or multifactorial pathologies. The aim of thepresent study is to analyse sacral lesions in a sample well preserved remainsfrom Southern Patagonian hunter-gatherers and the possible influences oftemporal-spatial and lifestyle variables, with special attention to theNative-European contact effect. Pathological signs from 56 adult sacral bonesfrom both sexes and comprising a wide chronology range (5200 years BP- 20thcentury), were analyzed following the methodology proposed by Campo (2003,2015). Pathologies analysed showed that native individualswho lived at missionary places presented higher lesion prevalence thanpre-contact and post-contact out of mission samples, except for Schmörl nodes. Ageand sex effect showed similar patterns with respect to other populations. Highprevalence of spondylolysis was observed, similarly to Inuit samples.Fil: D'angelo del Campo, Manuel Domingo. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; EspañaFil: Medialdea, Laura. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; EspañaFil: García Laborde, Pamela. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Salemme, Monica Cira. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; ArgentinaFil: Santiago, Fernando Carlos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; ArgentinaFil: Campo Martín, Manuel. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; EspañaFil: González Martín, Armando. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; EspañaFil: Guichón, Ricardo Anibal. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires; Argentin

Integrated computer model of AmI-IoT-DA for care of elderly people living alone

Las personas de la tercera edad sufren deterioro físico y mental que les impiden y/o dificultan el control de las tareas del hogar, la pérdida de su independencia y autonomía, lo que afecta su calidad de vida y bienestar. Este artículo presenta un modelo integrado AmI-IoT-DA en capas que integra funcionalidades de Internet de las Cosas (IoT), Inteligencia Ambiental (AmI) y data analytics (DA). El modelo se aplica al monitoreo y asistencia de las personas de la tercera edad que viven solas. Además, plantea cuatro segmentos encargados de automatizar la vivienda, supervisar al usuario, tomar decisiones, supervisar eventos, identificar hábitos, y acceder a servicios AmI, IoT y Data Analytics.Elderly people suffer physical and mental deterioration, which they prevent and / or hinder the control of household chores, the loss of their dependence and autonomy, affecting their quality of life and wellbeing. This paper presents an AmI-IoT-DA integrated layered model integrating functionalities of the Internet of Things (IoT), Ambient Intelligence (AmI) and Data Analytics (DA). The model is applied to the monitoring and assistance of elderly people living alone. The model proposes four segments responsible for automating housing, supervising the user, taking decisions, supervise events, identify habits, and access AmI, IoT and Data Analytics service

Possible environment influence in spine segmentation anomalies

Segmentation anomalies of the spine transformations are relatively common in humans, mainly in adjacent regions. Its aetiology is multifactorial, a combination of genetic, environmental, and epigenetic interaction. A sample of 50 adult individuals of both sexes from two different sites and chronologies of the current Argentine territory was examined. This work proposes a new approach to analyse segmentation anomalies, considering the taphonomic characteristics of the spine, together with the most common occasional contour shifts of such anomalies. Likewise, a bibliographic review was conducted to compile the knowledge achieved to date on this topic. The results showed different patterns of expression of segmentation anomalies among the analysed samples, with the lumbosacral transformations being the most prevalent. The similarities and disparities observed between Southern Patagonian samples and Inuit populations suggest that cold, as an environmental factor, could play an important role in the phenotypic plasticity of human populations. Similarly, hypoxia could influence the sample from Pukará de Tilcara. Due to the scarce existing methodological standardization for addressing segmentation anomalies, a systematization of the methods used to analyse segmentation anomalies is recommended; our approach is a proposal for this purpose.Fil: D'angelo del Campo, Manuel Domingo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Facultad de Ciencias. Departamento de Biología; España. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Pcia.de Bs.as.. Unidad de Enseñanza Universitaria Quequen.; ArgentinaFil: Pastor, Sara. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Facultad de Ciencias. Departamento de Biología; EspañaFil: Medialdea, Laura. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Facultad de Ciencias. Departamento de Biología; EspañaFil: Caballero Grijalba, Mónica. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Facultad de Ciencias. Departamento de Biología; EspañaFil: Garcia Laborde, Pamela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales. Grupo de Estudios Interdisciplinarios sobre Poblaciones Humanas de Patagonia Austral; ArgentinaFil: Salemme, Monica Cira. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; ArgentinaFil: Campo Martín, Manuel. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Facultad de Ciencias. Departamento de Biología; EspañaFil: González Martín, Armando. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Facultad de Ciencias. Departamento de Biología; EspañaFil: Seldes, Verónica. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras. Instituto de Ciencias Antropológicas. Sección Antropología Biológica; ArgentinaFil: Guichon, Ricardo Anibal. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Pcia.de Bs.as.. Unidad de Enseñanza Universitaria Quequen.; Argentin