Waste Water Production in Fabric Processing in Bangladesh

Textile industry is one of the fastest growing industries and significantly contributes to the economic growth in different developing countries like Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, Srilanka, Vietnam etc. At the same time, this industry has high water consumption (one of the most water consuming industries) and subsequently produces a large amount of waste water containing high load of contaminants. Such waste water may be environmentally hazardous because of many toxic substances including lead, mercury, and arsenic, etc. This paper reviews the current scenario of water consumption by the textile industries in Bangladesh. It has also identified the quantity of consumed water in different textile processing and the amount of textile waste effluent, characteristics of this effluent and its effect on the environment are reviewed in details. In this study, some of the data have been collected from the online journals and experimental data has been collected from a textile dyeing manufacturing industry (Interstoff Apparels Ltd., 1703-Gazipur, Bangladesh). Besides, total consumption of water on different activities and fabric processing have been shown and analyzed. The result of this study gives a clear idea that different internal activities are also responsible for a huge amount of water consumption in a textile industry. At the end, some recommendations have been suggested which can be applied in the reduction of water usage in textile footprint

Does the place of education matter in reducing the difference in earnings between immigrants and native-born in Canada?

1 online resource (27 pages) : illustrationsIncludes abstract and appendices.Includes bibliographical references (page 19).Using the 2016 Canadian Census, this paper examines whether the place of education matters in reducing the wage difference between immigrants and native-born Canadians. The Mincerian equation has been utilized to show the effect of education on earnings. The result shows that the returns to education for immigrants is less than the Canadian born by 1.14% for males and 0.46% for females. A wage difference between immigrants and native-born was found to be 42% for males and 43% for females. Our findings suggest that a lack of foreign credentials recognition is the cause for the difference in earnings

Protein-sparing ability of carbohydrates from different sources in diets for fry of stinging catfish Heteropneustes fossilis

The experiments were carried out to evaluate the protein-sparing effect in Heteropneustes fossilis fry (0.751 ± 0.01 g) fed for 90 days with six isocaloric diets containing 45, 40 or 35% of casein-protein and 25, 30 or 35% of glucose/dextrin, combined properly as the work purpose. The highest weight gain was recorded in fry fed with 35% dextrin and 35% crude protein level. Interestingly, the value of SGR (2.950±0.017) and PER (1.793±0.03) were significantly (p<0.05) increased with reducing protein level from 45 to 35% and with increasing carbohydrate level from 25% to 35%, respectively. However, the poorest growth was recorded in the fry fed with glucose containing diets than dextrin-containing diets. Protein deposition was significantly (p<0.05) lower in fry fed with the glucose diets at the protein level of 45% than those fed with 40 or 35%, indicating that H. fossilis utilize dextrin easily than glucose. Increase of dextrin content from 35 to 45% did not reduce (p<0.05) the weight gain, even reducing the dietary protein from 45 to 35%. This fact suggests that carbohydrate spare protein by using dextrin as energy source

Folate receptor beta as an imaging target in myocardial infarction

For decades, myocardial infarction (MI) has been one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. MI is characterized by different stages of inflammation of myocardium up to subsequent fibrosis. During the inflammatory process, macrophage population increases and the expression of FR-β on their surfaces are extensive. We studied utility of positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) tracer aluminium [18F]fluoride-labelled 1,4,7-triazacyclononane-1,4,7-triacetic acid conjugated folate (Al[18F]F–NOTA–Folate) targeting the FR-β receptor on activated macrophages for the assessment of inflammation in rats with MI. Methods: Surgical ligation of the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery irreversibly induced MI, while the sham model was prepared with similar procedures except ligation. Al[18F]F–NOTA–Folate tracer was administered intravenously to perform PET studies at three different time points (3, 7 and 90 days post-MI) using in vivo PET/CT imaging and ex vivo digital autoradiography for both MI and sham groups. Additionally, rat heart cryosections were prepared for histological (hematoxylin-eosin) and immunohistochemical staining with anti-CD68 antibody detecting activated macrophages. Uptake of Al[18F]F–NOTA–Folate was evaluated in the MI region and the remote area in both groups by image analysis. Results: In the MI model, infarcted cardiac areas had higher tracer uptake in ex vivo autoradiography compared to the remote areas or corresponding regions in sham-operated rats. Anti-CD68 immunohistochemistry demonstrated increased macrophage activity in the infarcted areas. The Al[18F]F–NOTA–Folate uptake in the infarcted area and amount of CD68-positive cells correlated positively and significantly. Conclusion: The study suggests that the novel Al[18F]F–NOTA–Folate PET tracer targeting FR-β expressed on activated macrophages is a promising tool for non-invasive imaging of inflammation associated with MI. Further research is required to clarify if this tracer is useful in the diagnostic and prognostic evaluation after MI

Quality of Service in Software Defined Networking

Software Defined Networking SDN promises to provide a powerful way to introduce Quality of Service QoS concepts in today s communication networks SDN programmatically modifies the functionality and behavior of network devices using single high level program Software Defined Networking SDN instantiation OpenFlow has been designed according to these properties The realization of Quality of Service QoS concepts becomes possible in a flexible and dynamic manner with SDN This paper focuses on the existing architectures parameter such as response time switch capacity and bandwidth isolation that is calculated here Although concepts of QoS are well researched they were not realized in communication networks due to high implementation complexity and realization costs OpenFlow as the best-known SDN standard so far defines a standard protocol for network control These observations of switch variety may provide SDN application developer s insights when realizing QoS concepts in an SDN-based networ

Aspect of Thrombolytic Therapy: A Review

Thrombolytic therapy, also known as clot busting drug, is a breakthrough treatment which has saved untold lives. It has been used in the clinical area to treat venous and arterial thromboembolic complaints which are a foremost cause of death. In 1761, Morgagni lead the way of thrombolytic therapy. Now day’s different types of thrombolytic drugs are currently available in market: alteplase, anistreplase, urokinase, streptokinase, tenecteplase, and so forth. Thrombolytic therapy should be given with maintaining proper care in order to minimize the risk of clinically important bleeding as well as enhance the chances of successfully thrombolysis of clot. These cares include preinfusion care, during the infusion care, and postinfusion care. Besides proper knowledge of contraindication, evolutionary factor, and combination of drug is essential for successful thrombolytic therapy. In these review we discussed about these aspect of thrombolytic therapy

Protein-Sparing Ability of Carbohydrates from Different Sources in Diets for Fry of Stinging Catfish Heteropneustes fossilis (Keupayaan Jimat Protein Karbohidrat daripada Sumber Berbeza dalam Diet untuk Anak Keli Stinging Heteropneustes fossilis)

ABSTRACT The experiments were carried out to evaluate the protein-sparing effect in Heteropneustes fossilis fry (0.751 ± 0.01 g) fed for 90 days with six isocaloric diets containing 45, 40 or 35% of casein-protein and 25, 30 or 35% of glucose/dextrin, combine

Socioeconomic, livelihood and cultural profile of the Meghna River Hilsa Fishing Community in Chandpur, Bangladesh

The goal of the study was to build a comprehensive portrait of the socioeconomic, livelihood, and cultural profile of the Meghna River fishing community in Chandpur, Bangladesh. Shatnol Malopara, an ecologically and economically suitable fishing community under the Matlab Uttor Upazila of Chandpur district, was selected for the in-depth investigation, where 410 fishermen relied solely on fishing for their livelihood. This community is made up of 185 households, supporting close to 1000 people. They are all Hindus, and fishing was their ancestral profession. A well-structured questionnaire was used to collect the data. The research revealed that the majority (35%) of fishermen were in the 18-30 age range. The community preferred nuclear families (98%), and the average family size was 5-8 individuals, which is predominant at 80%. About 60% of households lived in tiny tin shades and 40% in medium tin shades, while 60% did not have their own land. They (80%) rely on solar energy for illumination and for health facilities 50% of fisher households depend on the local pharmacy to take medication. Almost 100% of the residents in this community used potable drinking water, and 50% of fishers have ring slab latrines while the other 50% have pits. According to the survey, 60% of fishermen were very poor, 20% were poor, and 20% were moderately poor. Based on the survey, the majority (70%) of the fishermen earned between the ranges of 3000-5000 BDT (Bangladesh Taka) per month. During the ban period, the majority of fishers (50%) took out loans from various sources. Non-governmental organizations that operate microcredit businesses provided 70% of the loans to fishermen. According to the survey, 32% of fishermen had a boat and gear, while 68% worked as labor or engaged in catch-sharing with Mohajons' boats and gear. A range of crafts (Dingi nouka, Kosa nouka with mechanization) and fishing gear (Kona jal, Gulti jal, Dhon jal, Chap jal, Bada jal, Current jal, Chewa jal, etc.) was observed to be used in the study area. They have a plethora of traditional ecological knowledge as a result of their fishing ancestors. The study revealed that hilsa fishermen had a variety of issues. Extortion by local extortionists was the principal concern; other issues included inadequate credit and alternative income sources during the ban period. To assist the community in raising its standard of living, government agencies, nonprofits, and other relevant groups of organizations should adopt a number of steps. It is imperative to prioritize alternative income-generating options in this context