Employer Responses to Family Leave Programs

Search frictions make worker turnover costly to firms. A three-month parental leave expansion in Sweden provides exogenous variation that we use to quantify firms' adjustment costs upon worker absence. The reform increased women's leave duration and likelihood of separating from pre-birth employers. Firms with greater exposure to the reform hired additional workers and increased coworkers to make it coworkers' hours, incurring wage costs corresponding to 10 full-time equivalent months in addition to replacing the workers. These adjustment costs varied by firms' availability of internal substitutes. We also analyze a daddy-month reform and find similar employer responses to male workers' leave, albeit smaller in magnitude.publishedVersio

Tidal dynamics effect on the connectivity patterns of the blackspot seabream (Pagellus bogaraveo) in the Alboran Sea

[ES] El voraz [Pagellus bogaraveo (Brünnich, 1768)] es una especie altamente apreciada tanto por su valor económico como gastronómico en el Estrecho de Gibraltar. No obstante, por esta misma razón, es también una de las especies más sobre-explotadas de la zona, lo que ha provocado que las capturas hayan descendido significativamente a lo largo de los años. Dentro del ámbito científico, existe un consenso que considera que para optimizar las pesquerías a la vez que dejar de sobre explotar este recurso, es necesario hacer estudios de dinámica poblacional y conectividad. Por tanto, con el objetivo de conocer mejor la dinámica poblacional de la especie, así como sus mecanismos de dispersión en el Mar de Alborán, se analizó su conectividad hidrodinámica a partir de un modelo numérico, utilizando voraces en estadios de vida temprana (huevos y larvas) como partículas virtuales lagrangianas (advectadas por la dinámica mareal). Los lanzamientos de las partículas se realizaron bajo diferentes condiciones de marea (en función de la fase y el ciclo mareal), profundidad y zona de suelta. Se determinó que la modulación marea viva-marea muerta es, en este caso, el factor predominante para la dispersión horizontal de los huevos y larvas de esta especie.[EN] The blackspot seabream [Pagellus bogaraveo (Brünnich, 1768) is a highly appreciated species both for its economic and gastronomic value in the Strait of Gibraltar. Nevertheless, for the same reason, is also one of the more over-exploited species, which has caused a significant decrease in catches over the years. Experts in fishery ecology agree that for optimizing the fisheries as well as curbing the over-exploitation is necessary to study population dynamics and connectivity. Thus, with the aim of better understanding the population dynamics of this species, as well as determining its general dispersion patterns in the Alboran Sea, the hydrodynamic connectivity of the blackspot seabreams in Early Life Stage (eggs and larvae) has been investigated by means of a numerical model, using a lagrangian approach. The releases of the passive particles (simulating ELS pathways) were implemented under different tide conditions (according to the tidal phase and strength), depths and area of origin. It was determined that the fortnightly modulation (spring tide-neap tide) is the main factor driving the horizontal dispersion of eggs and larvae.Nadal Arizo, I. (2019). Tidal dynamics effect on the connectivity patterns of the blackspot seabream (Pagellus bogaraveo) in the Alboran Sea. Universitat Politècnica de València. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/117736TFG

Uso integral de la naranja para la obtención de snacks saludables

[ES] A pesar de que la fruta tiene claros efectos positivos sobre la salud, en la actualidad, su consumo se ve limitado por diferentes motivos, entre ellos la falta de practicidad para su ingesta. Ante esta problemática, la administración trata de promover el consumo de fruta, lo que necesariamente ha de ir ligado a la actividad de I+D+i de la industria agroalimentaria. En los últimos tiempos, lo que se ha venido en llamar la snackificación, está generando nuevas oportunidades de mercado para la comida tradicional ofertada en modo snack. Desde este punto de vista, los snacks de fruta se muestran como una oferta de alimento saludable y cómoda de consumir. No obstante, la industria también se enfrenta al reto de la gestión de los subproductos que genera. En el caso de las frutas en general y, de la naranja, en particular, la obtención de un snack, a partir de, por ejemplo, el puré de ésta, supone generar una gran cantidad de corteza. Sin embargo, dado que esta corteza es también una fuente importante de fibra y otros compuestos bioactivos, puede resultar interesante integrar esta biomasa en las líneas de producción. En este trabajo pretende planificar un estudio que permita conocer la viabilidad del uso del co-producto del puré de naranja liofilizado en polvo en la formulación de un snack, además de proponer la metodología para llevarlo a cabo. La hipótesis de partida es que la presencia de polisacáridos de alto peso molecular en el exocarpio del fruto pueda contribuir, bien a nivel estérico o bien aumentando la temperatura de transición vítrea (Tg) del producto, a minimizar los problemas de colapso estructural que presentan los productos de fruta deshidratada. Para ello, en primer lugar, es necesario conocer sus relaciones Tg-humedad-actividad del agua. Por otra parte, habrá que diseñar una serie de formulaciones del snack de las que habrá que conocer, no sólo sus propiedades, sino también su estabilidad. Para el diseño de estas formulaciones habrá que tener en cuenta la composición de las diferentes partes de la naranja. Con esta información, la corteza en polvo, sola o combinada con otros biopolímeros compatibles, de uso habitual en la industria de alimentos, podrá añadirse en diferentes proporciones al puré de naranja antes de su deshidratación. Habrá que seleccionar las propiedades de interés a analizar a los diferentes snacks formulados, proponer la metodología para su medida y diseñar un estudio de almacenamiento que permita conocer la viabilidad del uso del co-producto en la formulación del snack. El trabajo se ha completado, a nivel experimental, con algunos de los ensayos propuestos.[EN] Although fruit has clearly positive effects in human health, currently, fruit consumption has decreased for different reasons; one of them is the lack of practicality that supposes his consumption. Being aware of this problem, the Administration is trying to promote fruits consumption, this promotion is necessarily linked to I+D+I activity of food industry. In recent times, snacks production process, has been producing new market opportunities for traditional food that has been offered as snacks. From this point of view, fruits snacks are showed as a healthy and convenient food supply. However, industry also faces the challenge of managing the by-products generated. In the case of fruits, particularly the orange, obtaining a snack from, par example, orange puree supposes the generation of a large amount of orange peel. However, knowing that orange peel is also an important source of fiber and other bioactive compounds, incorporating this biomass to the production lines could by an interesting possibility. This work aims to plan a study that would allow us to know the viability of using the freeze-dried powdered orange co-product in a snack formulation, in addition, this work propose a working methodology. The initial hypothesis says that the presence of high molecular weight polysaccharides in the exocarp of the fruit can contribute, either at the steric level or by increasing the vitreous transition temperature (Tg) of the product, to minimize the problems of structural collapse presented at dehydrated fruit products. To do this, in the first place, it will be necessary to know their Tg-humidity-water activity relationships. On the other hand, it will be necessary to design a series of snack formulations of which we will have to know, not only their properties, but also their stability. For the design of these formulations, the composition of the different parts of the orange must be considered. With this information, the powdered peel, alone or mixed with other compatible biopolymers, commonly used in food industry, can be added to orange puree before dehydration. It will be necessary to select the properties of interest to analyze at the different formulated snacks, propose the measurement methodology and design a storage study that allows to known the viability of using the co-product in the snack formulation. The work has been completed, on an experimental level, with some of the proposed trials.Arizo García, P. (2020). Uso integral de la naranja para la obtención de snacks saludables. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/153737TFG

Métricas basadas en datos

[ES] El presente trabajo titulado ‟Métricas basadas en datos” pretende dar una visión de la información que disponemos para evaluar la actividad científica. Para ello se estudian los diferentes tipos de datos abiertos que existen y los indicadores que se han generado a lo largo del tiempo para medir el impacto y la reutilización de la investigación científica. La parte práctica ha consistido en realizar un análisis de varios repositorios de investigación científica y ver qué información nos ofrecen para medir la reutilización de sus datos.[EN] This paper entitled "data-driven metric" is intended to give an overview of the information available to assess scientific activity. To do that, we have studied different tips of open data and indicators exist that have been generated over time to measure the impact and reuse of scientific research. The practical part consisted of an analysis of various repositories of scientific research and see what information we provide to measure the reuse of data.Hernández Arizo, I. (2016). Métricas basadas en datos. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/71915.TFG

Diseño de SCM de bolsa para mejorar el transporte terrestre modalidad de carga en Ecuador

El desconocimiento entre la oferta y la demanda del servicio de transporte terrestre de carga en Ecuador, acarrea varios problemas como la congestión vehicular, la contaminación, aumento de la huella ecológica, pérdidas económicas así también eleva el grado de accidentabilidad de un vehículo, por medio de un diseño de una Bolsa de Transporte Terrestre de Carga, se puede verificar en una plataforma en internet el intercambio de información entre las empresas generadoras de carga (demanda) y las empresas de transporte (oferta); este sistema estaría al alcance de todos los usuarios para que sus propuestas de servicio lleguen a los generadores de carga y viceversa. El Objetivo de este tema de tesis es proponer la consolidación de la información que se encuentra en el mercado (oferta y demanda) de transporte terrestre de carga para hacer más eficiente su negociación y gestión e incrementar los índices de utilización del parque automotor, la reducción de costos e incremento de la eficiencia y eficacia operativa logrando así una efectividad en los procesos teniendo como resultado ser más productivo.The lack of knowledge about the supply and demand of the land cargo service in Ecuador leads to problems such as vehicular congestion, pollution, increased ecological footprint, economic losses, and also increases the degree of accidentability of a vehicle. Of a design of a Land Freight Transport Bag, the exchange of information between cargo-generating companies (demand) and transport companies (supply) can be verified on an internet platform; This system would be available to all users so that their service proposals reach the load generators and vice versa. The objective of this thesis topic is to propose the consolidation of the information found in the market (supply and demand) of land freight transport to make its negotiation and management more efficient and increase the utilization rates of the automotive fleet, Of costs and increase of the efficiency and operative efficiency thus achieving an effectiveness in the processes having as a result to be more productive

Análisis de contenido sobre elementos violentos en el anime japonés Dragon Ball Z

La siguiente investigación consiste en un análisis de contenido que va a permitir a las personas conocer cómo los diferentes elementos dentro de los audiovisuales cumplen un rol fundamental en el momento de transmitir un mensaje a las audiencias, ya sean estos niños, jóvenes o adultos. Es debido a esto que para poder desarrollar la investigación en torno a la animación se decidió hacer uso de un enfoque práctico cualitativo a través de la técnica de observación exhaustiva del episodio número 285 con el nombre: “Una genkidama hecha por todos” del anime Dragon Ball Z, dentro de este episodio se examinaron los diferentes elementos y símbolos presentes en el audiovisual para que de esta forma se pueda determinar si el anime cuenta con elementos que posean características violentas. Dentro del análisis se pudo llegar a evidenciar que el episodio 285 de Dragon Ball Z, si llega a carga diferentes elementos violentos que pueden pasar desapercibidos por las diferentes audiencias debido a que ciertas conductas han llegado a naturalizarse por la sociedad y han dejado de asociarse con la violencia. Por otra parte, fue posible conocer que el anime puede llegar a ejercer cierta influencia sobre las personas en diferentes partes del mundo bajo determinadas características.The following research consists of a content analysis that will allow people to know how the different elements within audiovisuals maintain a fundamental role when transmitting a message to different audiences, whether they are children, youth or adults. It is due to this that in order to develop research around animation, the use of a qualitative practical approach will be developed through the exhaustive observation technique of the episode number 285 with the name: "A Genkidama made by everyone" or “People of Earth Unite” from the anime Dragon Ball Z, within this episode the different elements and symbols present in the audiovisual will be examined so that in this way it can be determined if the anime has this elements that have violent characteristics or not. Within the analysis, it was possible to reveal that episode 285 of Dragon Ball Z contains different violent element that reaches a load that can go unnoticed by different audiences because certain behaviors have become naturalized by society and have ceased to be associated with. On the other hand, it is possible to know the anime can get to exert certain influence on people in different parts of the world under different and specific characteristics

Comparative Analysis of Filipino and Indonesian Monophthongs

Filipino and Indonesian belong to the Austronesian language family and this explains why they exhibit many linguistic similarities and numerous cognates. This study aims to further compare the two languages and establish their connection through phonology. The researchers use the cognates to compare the Filipino and Indonesian monophthong vowels. Qualitative method is utilized. The result shows that Filipino and Indonesian have a very similar vowel system with the exception of Indonesian having /ə/ phoneme. It was also found out that most of the changes in monophthongs between the two languages appear in medial position. Moreover, most changes are from the mid back rounded vowel /o/ in Filipino to high back rounded vowel /u/ in Indonesian. Lastly, the changes in the unrounded vowels in Filipino usually appear in the initial and medial position whereas in the rounded vowels in Filipino, changes only appear in either the medial or final position

Current Status of Colonization and Infection by Multiresistant Bacteria in the Spanish Intensive Care Unit: Resistance Zero Program

Current medicine, highly technified, and capable of amazing achievements, is not possible without the support of antibiotics. The problem of antibiotic resistance is almost as old as the antibiotics themselves. But at present, it is a serious threat to public health. We have to fight against antibiotic resistance in the hospital and in the out-of-hospital environment. The Resistance Zero program, promoted by the Spanish Society of Intensive Medicine, has achieved through a multidisciplinary approach with collaboration between doctors, nurses, cleaning staff and microbiologists, to control the colonization and infection by multiresistant germs in the environment of the Intensive Care Unit

Evaluation of the self-healing efficiency of cracks in mortar by bioprecipitation or applications of hydrogels

Within the EU-FP7 project HEALCON, smart concrete with self-healing properties is developed in order to guarantee liquid tightness of concrete structures. For repair of early age cracks in concrete, non-elastic repair materials, such as calcium carbonate precipitated by bacteria, or new cement hydrates / calcium carbonate of which the formation is stimulated by the presence of hydrogels, are proposed. Thanks to the expertise of the consortium in the field of self-healing concrete, a thoughtful selection and the development of promising techniques was possible. The healing agents presented in this paper include (i) newly developed superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) with a high swelling and pH-sensitiveness which were developed in order to minimize the uptake of mixing water during concrete manufacturing and maximize the sealing efficiency of cracks in concrete, (ii) commercial superabsorbent polymers, as a reference to judge the performance of the newly developed SAPs, (iii) micro-encapsulated Bacillus sphaericus spores which have the ability to precipitate calcium carbonate in the crack and (iv) a mixed ureolytic culture (MUC) which is more cost-effective than using pure cultures and can close cracks in concrete. A comparison of the regain in liquid tightness of mortar specimens containing the different healing agents is presented. The evaluation of the self-sealing performance of the agents occurred through a water permeability test via water flow, a test method developed within HEALCON

Hydrodynamic connectivity and dispersal patterns of a transboundary species (Pagellus bogaraveo) in the Strait of Gibraltar and adjacent basins

The blackspot seabream (Pagellus bogaraveo) is a benthopelagic fish species highlyappreciated by consumers and an important target of the Spanish and Moroccan fish-eries in the transcontinental waters of the Strait of Gibraltar area. It is also one of themost exploited resources of the region, which has led to a situation of overex-ploitation and a notable drop of catches. To gain insight into the sustainability of thisresource and certain patterns of the spatial adaptation of the species, a high-resolution circulation model coupled to a Lagrangian tracking module has beenemployed to investigate the dispersal pathways of blackspot seabream, using eggsand larvae (early-life-stages, ELS) as purely passive particles advected by currents.Several spawning scenarios consisting of different spatial (depths and sites) and tem-poral (tidal phase and strength) initial conditions have been analyzed to identify themost likely pathways of ELS dispersion. Eastward transport by the Atlantic Jet exitingthe Strait of Gibraltar is the most influencing process in that dispersion. Regardingtemporal fluctuations, fortnightly tidal modulation is the prevailing factor to deter-mine the horizontal paths of the ELS, spring tides being the cause of the greatestscattering of propagules. Spawning depth in the Strait of Gibraltar is a critical condi-tion, as revealed by the model sensitivity tests. Potential implications of the results ofthe study to improve the assessment and management of this species are discussed.This work was partially funded by the FAO Project: CopeMed phase II “Coordination to Support Fisheries Management in the Western and Central Mediterranean” and the General Fisheries Commission of the Mediterranean GFCM, both with the financial support of the Directorate-General for Maritime Affairs and Fisheries of the European Commission (DG-MARE) and the Spanish Ministry of Agriculture, Fishery and Food. Funding for open access charge was provided by Universidad de Málaga/CBUA