164 research outputs found
Training Generative Question-Answering on Synthetic Data Obtained from an Instruct-tuned Model
This paper presents a simple and cost-effective method for synthesizing data
to train question-answering systems. For training, fine-tuning GPT models is a
common practice in resource-rich languages like English, however, it becomes
challenging for non-English languages due to the scarcity of sufficient
question-answer (QA) pairs. Existing approaches use question and answer
generators trained on human-authored QA pairs, which involves substantial human
expenses. In contrast, we use an instruct-tuned model to generate QA pairs in a
zero-shot or few-shot manner. We conduct experiments to compare various
strategies for obtaining QA pairs from the instruct-tuned model. The results
demonstrate that a model trained on our proposed synthetic data achieves
comparable performance to a model trained on manually curated datasets, without
incurring human costs.Comment: PACLIC 2023 short paper, 4 pages (6 pages including references), 4
figure
Superconductivity in In-doped AgPbBiTe3 compounds synthesized by high-pressure synthesis
NaCl-type metal tellurides (MTe) have been widely studied due to unique
physical properties. We investigated the In-doping effects on structural and
physical properties of Na-Cl type (AgPbBi)(1-x)/3InxTe and the superconducting
properties of the In-doped samples. Polycrystalline samples with x = 0-0.5 were
synthesized by utilizing high-pressure synthesis. For x = 0.2-0.5,
superconductivity was observed in magnetization measurements, where the highest
transition temperature (Tc) was 2.8 K for x = 0.4. We measured specific heat
for x = 0.4 and confirmed the bulk nature of the superconductivity. The
evolution of the Seebeck coefficient and lattice constant by In doping suggests
that In valence state is In+3, and the In doping generates electron carriers in
the (AgPbBi)(1-x)/3InxTe system.Comment: 12 pages, 5 figure
Histone deacetylase 1 and 2 drive differentiation and fusion of progenitor cells in human placental trophoblasts
Cell fusion occurs when several cells combine to form a multinuclear aggregate (syncytium). In human placenta, a syncytialized trophoblast (syncytiotrophoblast) layer forms the primary interface between maternal and fetal tissue, facilitates nutrient and gas exchange, and produces hormones vital for pregnancy. Syncytiotrophoblast development occurs by differentiation of underlying progenitor cells called cytotrophoblasts, which then fuse into the syncytiotrophoblast layer. Differentiation is associated with chromatin remodeling and specific changes in gene expression mediated, at least in part, by histone acetylation. However, the epigenetic regulation of human cytotrophoblast differentiation and fusion is poorly understood. In this study, we found that human syncytiotrophoblast development was associated with deacetylation of multiple core histone residues. Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing revealed chromosomal regions that exhibit dynamic alterations in histone H3 acetylation during differentiation. These include regions containing genes classically associated with cytotrophoblast differentiation (TEAD4, TP63, OVOL1, CGB), as well as near genes with novel regulatory roles in trophoblast development and function, such as LHX4 and SYDE1. Prevention of histone deacetylation using both pharmacological and genetic approaches inhibited trophoblast fusion, supporting a critical role of this process for trophoblast differentiation. Finally, we identified the histone deacetylases (HDACs) HDAC1 and HDAC2 as the critical mediators driving cytotrophoblast differentiation. Collectively, these findings provide novel insights into the epigenetic mechanisms underlying trophoblast fusion during human placental development
Insulin binding to erythrocytes in diabetes mellitus.
Insulin binding to erythrocytes was studied in diabetic patients. Insulin binding was lower in untreated diabetics and diabetic patients treated with diet or insulin than in normal subjects. Binding variation was mainly due to decreased binding site concentration in untreated and insulin-treated patients, and to lowered insulin binding site affinity in diet-treated patients. Several patients treated with hypoglycemic agents showed higher insulin binding due to increased binding site concentration. Insulin binding to erythrocytes may not always reflect the insulin binding status of insulin sensitive tissues.</p
Interrelation between the isoscalar octupole phonon and the proton-neutron mixed-symmetry quadrupole phonon in near spherical nuclei
The interrelation between the octupole phonon and the low-lying
proton-neutron mixed-symmetry quadrupole phonon in near-spherical nuclei is
investigated. The one-phonon states decay by collective E3 and E2 transitions
to the ground state and by relatively strong E1 and M1 transitions to the
isoscalar 2+ state. We apply the proton-neutron version of the Interacting
Boson Model including quadrupole and octupole bosons (sdf-IBM-2). Two F-spin
symmetric dynamical symmetry limits of the model, namely the vibrational and
the \gamma-unstable ones, are considered. We derive analytical formulae for
excitation energies as well as B(E1), B(M1), B(E2) and B(E3) values for a
number of transitions between low-lying states.Comment: 25 pages, 3 figures, LaTeX, epsfig. Nucl. Phys. A (in press
Development of bifacial inverted polymer solar cells using a conductivity-controlled transparent PEDOT: PSS and a striped Au electrode on the hole collection side
An inverted bifacial polymer solar cell was developed using a conductivity-controlled transparent poly(3,4-ethylenedioxylenethiophene):poly(4- styrene sulfonic acid) (PEDOT:PSS) as a hole collection layer and a striped Au electrode with a large open aperture ratio (Rap) as a hole collection electrode. We investigated the performance of the device by varying the interelectrode distance of the striped Au electrode and the sheet resistance of the PEDOT:PSS film. The device using untreated Clevios P (PEDOT:PSS) showed a maximum electric output (Pw) in the Rap range of 50 to 65%. When alcohol-treated Clevios P (Clevios P+) with a lower electrical resistance was used, the maximum Pw increased by 40% compared with that of the device using Clevios P. The maximum Pw was obtained in the R ap range of 84% as the hole collection efficiency of the striped Au electrode improved with the decreased sheet resistance of the PEDOT:PSS. © 2014 The Japan Society of Applied Physics
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