Training Generative Question-Answering on Synthetic Data Obtained from an Instruct-tuned Model

This paper presents a simple and cost-effective method for synthesizing data to train question-answering systems. For training, fine-tuning GPT models is a common practice in resource-rich languages like English, however, it becomes challenging for non-English languages due to the scarcity of sufficient question-answer (QA) pairs. Existing approaches use question and answer generators trained on human-authored QA pairs, which involves substantial human expenses. In contrast, we use an instruct-tuned model to generate QA pairs in a zero-shot or few-shot manner. We conduct experiments to compare various strategies for obtaining QA pairs from the instruct-tuned model. The results demonstrate that a model trained on our proposed synthetic data achieves comparable performance to a model trained on manually curated datasets, without incurring human costs.Comment: PACLIC 2023 short paper, 4 pages (6 pages including references), 4 figure

Superconductivity in In-doped AgPbBiTe3 compounds synthesized by high-pressure synthesis

NaCl-type metal tellurides (MTe) have been widely studied due to unique physical properties. We investigated the In-doping effects on structural and physical properties of Na-Cl type (AgPbBi)(1-x)/3InxTe and the superconducting properties of the In-doped samples. Polycrystalline samples with x = 0-0.5 were synthesized by utilizing high-pressure synthesis. For x = 0.2-0.5, superconductivity was observed in magnetization measurements, where the highest transition temperature (Tc) was 2.8 K for x = 0.4. We measured specific heat for x = 0.4 and confirmed the bulk nature of the superconductivity. The evolution of the Seebeck coefficient and lattice constant by In doping suggests that In valence state is In+3, and the In doping generates electron carriers in the (AgPbBi)(1-x)/3InxTe system.Comment: 12 pages, 5 figure

Insulin binding to erythrocytes in diabetes mellitus.

Insulin binding to erythrocytes was studied in diabetic patients. Insulin binding was lower in untreated diabetics and diabetic patients treated with diet or insulin than in normal subjects. Binding variation was mainly due to decreased binding site concentration in untreated and insulin-treated patients, and to lowered insulin binding site affinity in diet-treated patients. Several patients treated with hypoglycemic agents showed higher insulin binding due to increased binding site concentration. Insulin binding to erythrocytes may not always reflect the insulin binding status of insulin sensitive tissues.</p

Histone deacetylase 1 and 2 drive differentiation and fusion of progenitor cells in human placental trophoblasts

Cell fusion occurs when several cells combine to form a multinuclear aggregate (syncytium). In human placenta, a syncytialized trophoblast (syncytiotrophoblast) layer forms the primary interface between maternal and fetal tissue, facilitates nutrient and gas exchange, and produces hormones vital for pregnancy. Syncytiotrophoblast development occurs by differentiation of underlying progenitor cells called cytotrophoblasts, which then fuse into the syncytiotrophoblast layer. Differentiation is associated with chromatin remodeling and specific changes in gene expression mediated, at least in part, by histone acetylation. However, the epigenetic regulation of human cytotrophoblast differentiation and fusion is poorly understood. In this study, we found that human syncytiotrophoblast development was associated with deacetylation of multiple core histone residues. Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing revealed chromosomal regions that exhibit dynamic alterations in histone H3 acetylation during differentiation. These include regions containing genes classically associated with cytotrophoblast differentiation (TEAD4, TP63, OVOL1, CGB), as well as near genes with novel regulatory roles in trophoblast development and function, such as LHX4 and SYDE1. Prevention of histone deacetylation using both pharmacological and genetic approaches inhibited trophoblast fusion, supporting a critical role of this process for trophoblast differentiation. Finally, we identified the histone deacetylases (HDACs) HDAC1 and HDAC2 as the critical mediators driving cytotrophoblast differentiation. Collectively, these findings provide novel insights into the epigenetic mechanisms underlying trophoblast fusion during human placental development

Interrelation between the isoscalar octupole phonon and the proton-neutron mixed-symmetry quadrupole phonon in near spherical nuclei

The interrelation between the octupole phonon and the low-lying proton-neutron mixed-symmetry quadrupole phonon in near-spherical nuclei is investigated. The one-phonon states decay by collective E3 and E2 transitions to the ground state and by relatively strong E1 and M1 transitions to the isoscalar 2+ state. We apply the proton-neutron version of the Interacting Boson Model including quadrupole and octupole bosons (sdf-IBM-2). Two F-spin symmetric dynamical symmetry limits of the model, namely the vibrational and the \gamma-unstable ones, are considered. We derive analytical formulae for excitation energies as well as B(E1), B(M1), B(E2) and B(E3) values for a number of transitions between low-lying states.Comment: 25 pages, 3 figures, LaTeX, epsfig. Nucl. Phys. A (in press

Development of bifacial inverted polymer solar cells using a conductivity-controlled transparent PEDOT: PSS and a striped Au electrode on the hole collection side

An inverted bifacial polymer solar cell was developed using a conductivity-controlled transparent poly(3,4-ethylenedioxylenethiophene):poly(4- styrene sulfonic acid) (PEDOT:PSS) as a hole collection layer and a striped Au electrode with a large open aperture ratio (Rap) as a hole collection electrode. We investigated the performance of the device by varying the interelectrode distance of the striped Au electrode and the sheet resistance of the PEDOT:PSS film. The device using untreated Clevios P (PEDOT:PSS) showed a maximum electric output (Pw) in the Rap range of 50 to 65%. When alcohol-treated Clevios P (Clevios P+) with a lower electrical resistance was used, the maximum Pw increased by 40% compared with that of the device using Clevios P. The maximum Pw was obtained in the R ap range of 84% as the hole collection efficiency of the striped Au electrode improved with the decreased sheet resistance of the PEDOT:PSS. © 2014 The Japan Society of Applied Physics