View-based Modelling and State-Space Generation for Graph Transformation Systems

Modelling complex systems by graph transformation, we face scalability challenges both in our ability to create and understand these models and in the ability of tools to analyse them. To address these problems we propose to model graph transformation systems in views which can be understood and analysed separately. In particular, we show that transition systems can be generated separately for different views which, when synchronised using a CSP-like operator, yield a system that is bisimilar to the original global system

ANALISIS KUALITATIF DESKRIPTIF PERKEMBANGAN REKSA DANA DI INDONESIA PERIODE , 1997-2002

Pada sistem perekonomian di negara maju, pembiayaan pembangunan banyak bersumber dari pasar modal. Implikasi dari ketergantungan tersebut adalah penciptaan pasar modal yang ramai dan bergairah sekaligus memberikan peluang. kesempatan dan tantangan sebagai laban alternatif investasi selain sistem perbankan nasional. Namun demikian, kegiatan investasi di pasar modal menuntut calon investor dalam beberapa hal, misalnya: kepemilikan dana yang memadai, kemampuan anaUsis serta kesediaan waktu. Kenyataannya adalab babwa tidak semua calon investor dapat memenubi kriteria tersebut, sebingga memunculkan kendalan bagi calon investor untuk masuk ke dalam laban investasi pasar modal. Setiap calon investor tentunya menginginkan adanya pertumbuban aset yang dimiliki dan pertumbuhan sset tersebut dapat ditempuh melalui cara yakni investasi. Sebelum melakukan investasi, secara umum, barus dipahami terlebih dahulu bahwa kegiatan investasi memberikan peluang bagi seorang investor untuk memperoleb imbalan (return), namun di sisi lain kegiatan ini juga mengandung ancaman berupa resiko investasi, sebingga kegiatan investasi merupakan tantangan bagi investor untuk mengatur, mengelola dan mengembangkan asetnya. Namun, kegiamn investasi secara total di pasar modal bukanlab bal yang mudab dilakukan., mengingat keterbatasan-kete.'batasan investor tersebut diatas, apalagi bagi investor pemula, babkan hal ini dapat sangat beresiko. Pada umumnya, kendala yang dihadapi oleh calon investor di pasar modal antara lain adalab keterbatasan dana yang akan diinvestasikan, keterbatasan waktu luang, dan ketidakmampuan dalam anaUsis pasar modal. Dengan semua kendala tersebut, tentu saja kecil sekali peluang dan kemungkinan bagi calon investor untuk memperoleb basil yang optimal dari nilai in~'estsainya. Namun demikian, setiap calon investor masib memiliki peluang untuk turut berinvestasi di paSar modal karena instrumen Reksa Dana telab disiapkan untuk membantu investor berinvestasi pada pasar modal. Reksa Dana adalab p.'oduk pasar modal yang dapat membantu para calon investor, yang pada umumnya kurang pabam mengenai dunia pasar modal dan tidak mampu mengatasi kendala-kendala yang dihadapinya. Definisi sederbana dari Reksa Dana adalab tempat bagi para calon investor untuk mengumpulkan dana secara kolektif yang kemudian akan diinvestasikan dalam suatu portofolio investasi yang dikelola oleh manajel' investasi. Kegiatan investasi Reksa Dana tersebut meliputi berbagai instrumen surat berharga, misalnya: saham, obligasi ataupun instrumen pasar uang yakni surat hutang jangka pendek. Setiap calon investor akan memperoleh sertifikat Reksa Dana ~ebagai bukti kepemilikan investasi bagi investor. Produk Reksa Dana (RD) sendiri dibagi dalam empat jenis, yakni RD Pendapatan Tetap (fixed income), RD Saham (equity fund), RD Pasar lIang (11l01l~ market lund), dan RD Campuran (baiallce lund.). Pada RD fIXed illcome, investasi dilakukan pada berbagai surat berharga yang memberikan pendapatan tetap, misalnya Commercicli PClper (CP) dan obligasi. Sedang pada RD equity fund, investasinya adalah pada instrumen saham. Untuk RD motley market fund, investasinya adalab pada instrumen pasar uang seperti deposito berjangka, sertifikat deposito dan surat utang jangka pendek. Pada RD balance lund, investasinya adalah pada variasi ketiga investasi RD di atas. Dengan demikian, diharapkan keberadaan Reksa Dana dapat membantu para calon investor, khususnya investor individual yang sebagian besar kurang pabam mengenai pasar modal untuk dapat melakukan investasi pada pasar modal sekaligus sebagai alternatif sarana investasi di luar sistem perbankan (tabungan dan atau deposito). Manfaat umum lainnya adalah turut meramaikan investasi pasar modal dan menciptakan pertumbuhan pasar modal nasional sebJlgai indikator pembangunan ekonomi

Field Investigation on the Prevalence of Trypanosomiasis in Camels in Relation to Sex, Age, Breed and Herd Size

Blood samples were collected from 240 camels (183 male and 57 female) of four breeds from six districts of Sindh. An overall infection was determined as 11.25%. Species of Trypanosoma was identified as Trypanosoma evansi. District wise infection was found to be 2.5, 7.5, 12.5, 15.00, 22.5 and 7.5% in Hyderabad, Mirpur Khas, Umerkot, Badin, Thatta and Larkana, respectively. A higher infection was found in females (15.79%) as compared to males (9.84%). Highest (14.96%) infection was noted in age group >7 years, followed by 8.57 and 4.65% in 3 to 7 years and less than to 3 years old camels, respectively. Four breeds of camels were surveyed and the highest infection rate was found in Sakrai breed (21.82%), followed by 16.67, 6.15 and 5.95% in Kharai, Sindhi and Dhati breeds respectively. When herd size was considered, infection rate was 1.67, 6.67, 15.00 and 21.67% in herds possessing 1 to 5, 6 to 10, 11 to 20 and more than 20 animals, respectively

Antimicrobial and Toxic Activity of Citronella Essential Oil (Cymbopogon nardus), and Its Effect on the Growth and Metabolism of Gilthead Seabream (Sparus aurata L.)

Aquaculture procedures usually induce stress that affects the physiological status of fish. For this reason, the inclusion of additives in fish feeds to palliate stress might be a good alternative. This study aimed to assess the antimicrobial activity of citronella (Cymbopogon nardus) essential oil (CEO) against bacterial pathogens and to determine its dietary impact on the growth performance of Sparus aurata. In vitro tests confirmed that CEO possesses antimicrobial activity against several fish-specific pathogens. For the in vivo tests, three experimental groups were fed for 60 days with different concentrations of CEO: CTRL (0 mL kg(-1) fish feed); CEO1 (1 mL kg(-1) fish feed); and CEO2 (2 mL kg(-1) fish feed). At the end of the experiment, the physiological status was characterized. Subsequently, the specimens of the CTRL and CEO2 groups were subjected to a challenge with an injection of Poly I:C for immune stimulation. Although S. aurata individuals tolerated CEO inclusion without compromising growth performance, it significantly reduced glycogen in the CEO2 group, concomitant to an increment of total peripheral leucocytes. Moreover, different hematological profiles' responsive patterns against an inflammatory stimulus were observed. In conclusion, our results suggest that the use of CEO as a fish feed additive can prevent bacterial outbreaks and improve potential in vivo disease resistance in S. aurata without negatively affecting growth

First evaluation of associated gut microbiota in wild thick-lipped grey mullets (Chelon labrosus, Risso 1827)

The need for species diversification in Mediterranean aquaculture has promoted the culture of omnivorous and herbivorous species. Within this context, it is worth noting the high potential presented by the species of the family Mugilidae (mullets), which is considered a priority within the current strategies of European aquaculture (Alexander et al. 2015). One of the mullets with potential for use in aquaculture is the thick-lipped grey mullet (Chelon labrosus), due to its great adaptability to different culture conditions, omnivorous profile, high osmoregulatory capacity, and resistance to environmental variations (Pujante et al., 2018). However, there is a lack of information regarding the composition and functions of its intestinal microbiota. Documenting the bacteria present in healthy individuals is the first step to understanding the impacts of microbial manipulation in aquaculture systems (Tarnecki et al., 2016). In this sense, the knowledge of bacterial diversity from healthy wild fish in their natural environment is essential. Furthermore, the study of the functionality of the intestinal microbiota of wild fish provides information on its capacity to adapt to different culture conditions. Thus, this study aimed to characterize the intestinal microbiota of wild C. labrosus and explore its potential functionality on the host. Predicted functions of intestinal microbiota showed the most abundant those related to amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, energy metabolism, membrane transport, and cell replication and repair. Furthermore, the analysis revealed microbial functional genes related to the elimination of environmental toxins. These functions of intestinal microbiota might provide beneficial effects for the host.This work was funded by Project Agl-2017-83260R supported by the Agencia Estatal de Investigación (MINECO, Spanish Government), and by the Project Bluemaro (PID2020 116136 RB100) of the Ministry of Science and Innovation of Spain

First Evaluation of Associated Gut Microbiota in Wild Thick-Lipped Grey Mullets (Chelon labrosus, Risso 1827)

This study aimed to characterize the intestinal microbiota of wild thick-lipped grey mullets (Chelon labrosus) and explore its potential functionality on the host. Intestinal contents of anterior and posterior sections from wild fish were collected and DNA was extracted. Subsequently, the V3–V4 regions of 16S rRNA were sequenced using the Illumina technology and results were analyzed by bioinformatics pipeline. The functional profile of the microbial community was analyzed using PICRUSt software. Shannon and Simpson diversity indices were significantly higher in the posterior section of wild specimens. The overall taxonomic composition suggests a certain homogeneity in the anterior section of the intestine and heterogeneity in the posterior section. Due to this, no statistical differences were detected at any level among both intestinal sections. Predicted functions of intestinal microbiota showed the most abundant were those related to amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, energy metabolism, membrane transport, and cell replication and repair. Furthermore, the analysis revealed microbial functional genes related to the elimination of environmental toxins.This work was financed by the Project ‘Design and evaluation of probiotics and feed in uncoupled aquaponic system of fishes, plants and microalgae’ (grant #Agl-2017-83260R) granted by Agencia Estatal de Investigación (MINECO, Spanish Government), and by the Project Bluemaro (PID2020 116136 RB100) of the Ministry of Science and Innovation of Spain. Partial funding for open access charge: Universidad de Málag

Modular Performance Modelling for Mobile Applications (Abstracts Only)

We propose a model-based approach to analysing the performance of mobile applications where physical mobility and state changes are modelled by graph transformations from which a model in the Performance Evaluation Process Algebra (PEPA) is derived. To fight scalability problems with state space generation we adopt a modular solution where the graph transformation system is decomposed into views, for which labelled transition systems (LTS) are generated separately and later synchronised in PEPA. We demonstrate that the result of this modular analysis is equivalent to that of the monolithic approach and evaluate practicality and scalability by means of a case study

Procedimiento de preparación, conservación, y uso en peces, del probiótico SHEWANELLA PUTREFACIENS PDP 11 para el control de enfermedades y la mejora en el crecimiento

Número de solicitud 201100385Procedimiento de preparación, conservación, y uso en peces, del probiótico Shewanella putresfaciens Pdp11 para el control de enfermedades y la mejora en el crecimiento. Preferentemente, el probiótico, compuesto por células enteras de la cepa Pdp11, se cultiva en TSAs durante 24 h a 22ºC. La preparación de una suspensión del probiótico, preferentemente sin proceso previo de liofilización o de inactivación física o química, se realiza mediante su incorporación en una matriz de alginato, preferentemente alginato sádico al 0,5%. La suspensión preparada se puede conservar sin pérdida significativa de viabilidad durante 20 - 30 días a 4ºC. Los productos alimenticios para peces son preparados mediante la adición en agitación de la suspensión de probiótico y, adicionalmente, CaCl2 50 mM, preferentemente mediante atomización.Universidad de Málaga (50%). Universidad de Almería (50%

In vivo morphological and antigenic characteristics of Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida

The present study was conducted to examine the morphology and antigenicity of Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida by culturing the bacterium in vivo in the peritoneal cavity of sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) within dialysis bags with either a low molecular weight (LMW) cut-off of 25 kDa or a high molecular weight (HMW) cut-off of 300 kDa. Differences were observed in the growth rate between the bacteria cultured in vivo or in vitro. Bacteria cultured in vivo were smaller and produced a capsular layer, which was more prominent in bacteria cultured in the HMW bag. Antigenicity was examined by Western blot analysis using sera from sea bass injected with live Ph. d. subsp. piscicida. The sera recognised bands at 45 and 20 kDa in bacteria cultured in vivo in the LMW bag. Bacteria cultured in vivo in the HMW bag did not express the 45 kDa band when whole cell extracts were examined, although the antigen was present in their extracellular products. In addition, these bacteria had a band at 18 kDa rather than 20 kDa. Differences in glycoprotein were also evident between bacteria cultured in vitro and in vivo. Bacteria cultured in vitro in LMW and HMW bags displayed a single 26 kDa band. Bacteria cultured in the LMW bag in vivo displayed bands at 26 and 27 kDa, while bacteria cultured in vivo in the HMW bag possessed only the 27 kDa band. These bands may represent sialic acid. The significance of the changes observed in the bacterium's structure and antigenicity when cultured in vivo is discussed