Association of Neck Circumference with Anthropometric Indicators and Body Composition Measured by DXA in Young Spanish Adults

Background: Due to a clinical and public health interest of neck circumference (NC), a better understanding of this simple anthropometric measurement, as a valid marker of body composition is necessary. Methods: A total of 119 young healthy adults participated in this study. NC was measured over the thyroid cartilage and perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the neck. Body weight, height, waist circumference (WC), and hip circumference were measured. A Dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan was used to determine fat mass, lean mass, and visceral adipose tissue (VAT). Additionally, body mass index (BMI) and triponderal mass index (TMI), the waist to hip and waist to height ratios, and the fat mass and lean mass indexes (FMI and LMI, respectively) were calculated. Results: NC was positively associated in women (W) and men (M), with BMI (rW = 0.70 and rM = 0.84, respectively), TMI (rW = 0.63 and rM = 0.80, respectively), WC (rW = 0.75 and rM = 0.86, respectively), VAT (rW = 0.74 and rM = 0.82, respectively), Waist/hip (rW = 0.51 and rM = 0.67, respectively), Waist/height (rW = 0.68 and rM = 0.83, respectively) and FMI (rW = 0.61 and rM = 0.81, respectively). The association between NC and indicators of body composition was however weaker than that observed by BMI, TMI, WC and Waist/height in both women and men. It is of note that in women, NC was associated with FMI, VAT and LMI independently of BMI. In men, adding NC to anthropometric variables did not improve the prediction of body composition, while slight improvements were observed in women. Conclusions: Taken together, the present study provides no indication for NC as a useful proxy of body composition parameters in young adults, yet future studies should explore its usefulness as a measure to use in combination with BMI, especially in women.This study was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness Grants (DEP2016-79512-R and PTA 12264-I), Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria del Instituto de Salud Carlos III (PI13/01393), and Retos de la Sociedad (DEP2016-79512-R), Fondos Estructurales de la Unión Europea (FEDER), by the Spanish Ministry of Education (FPU 13/04365), by the Fundación Iberoamericana de Nutrición (FINUT), by the Redes temáticas de investigación cooperativa RETIC (Red SAMID RD16/0022), by AstraZeneca HealthCare Foundation and by the University of Granada, Plan Propio de Investigación 2016, Excellence actions: Units of Excellence; Scientific Unit of Excellence on Exercise and Health (UCEES), Plan Propio de Investigación 2018: Programa Contratos-Puente and Programa Perfeccionamiento de Doctores, by the Junta de Andalucía, Consejería de Conocimiento, Investigación y Universidades, the European Regional Development Funds (ref. SOMM17/6107/UGR), by the Fundación Alfonso Martín Escudero, and by the Fundación Carolina (C.2016-574961). This study is part of a Ph.D. Thesis conducted in the Biomedicine Doctoral Studies of the University of Granada, Spain

Comparison of the Mayo Endoscopy Score and the Ulcerative Colitis Endoscopy Index of Severity and the Ulcerative Colitis Colonoscopy Index of Severity

Background and study aims: Endoscopy plays an essential role in managing patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), as it allows us to visualize and assess the severity of the disease. As such assessments are not always objective, different scores have been devised to standardize the findings. The main aim of this study was to assess the interobserver variability between the Mayo Endoscopy Score (MES), Ulcerative Colitis Endoscopy Index of Severity (UCEIS) and Ulcerative Colitis Colonoscopy Index of Severity (UCCIS) analyzing the severity of the endoscopic lesions in patients with ulcerative colitis. Patients and methods: This was a single-cohort observational study in which a colonoscopy was carried out on patients with UC, as normal clinical practice, and a video was recorded. The results from the video were classified according to the MES, UCEIS and UCCIS by three endoscopic specialists independently, and they were compared to each other. The Mayo Endoscopy Score (MES) was used to assess the clinical situation of the patient. The therapeutic impact was analyzed after colonoscopy was carried out. Results: Sixty-seven patients were included in the study. The average age was 51 (SD ± 16.7) and the average MES was 3.07 (SD± 2.54). The weighted Kappa index between endoscopists A and B for the MES was 0.8; between A and C 0.52; and between B and C 0.49. The intraclass correlation coefficient for UCEIS was 0.92 among the three endoscopists (CI 95 %: 0.83–0.96) and 0.96 for UCCIS among the three endoscopists (CI 95% 0.94–0.97). A change in treatment for 34.3% of the patients was implemented on seeing the results of the colonoscopy. Conclusions: There was an adequate, but not perfect, correlation between the different endoscopists for MES, UCEIS, UCCIS. This was higher with the last two scores. Thus, there is still some subjectivity to be minimized through special training, on assessing the seriousness of the endoscopic lesions in patients with UC

Autenticación Basada en Riesgos (RBA)

Trabajo de investigaciónLa competitividad de las organizaciones está cimentada en la innovación y en el desarrollo tecnológico para la generación y provisión de bienes y servicios que satisfagan las necesidades de las personas y las comunidades. Los procesos de innovación y desarrollo requieren la identificación de necesidades y oportunidades y su observación y documentación detalladas, como punto de partida para el diseño e implementación de soluciones. El fundamento, entonces, del desarrollo de soluciones a las necesidades de los grupos humanos, es el planteamiento de los problemas que se pretende resolver. El planteamiento de problemas exige la observación rigurosa de los procesos asociados al problema, el establecimiento de correlaciones entre los factores o variables que intervienen en el problema, la identificación de los impactos del problema, la especificación de los beneficios que se pueden derivar de su solución y las posibilidades de resolverlo. Muchos problemas se pueden resolver con los aportes de los sistemas de información. Describir problemas objeto de soluciones informáticas requiere una visión sistémica del problema y el desarrollo de actividades básicas de observación de procesos, abstracción del problema, búsqueda de información referida al problema en distintas fuentes documentales (libros, enciclopedias, Internet, especialistas, entre otros), elaboración de descripciones del problema, formulación de preguntas que deberían resolverse sobre el problema, análisis de las posibilidades de resolverlo y la documentación y socialización de los resultados del planteamiento elaborado (informes, gráficas, esquemas, videos, presentaciones).EspecializaciónEspecialista en Seguridad de Rede

Options. Journal of the UNAB Financial Engineering Program. Volume 3 No. 5 June 2009

El programa de Ingeniería Financiera al cumplir su décimo sexto aniversario de funcionamiento, se consolida en la comunidad académica santandereana, registrando hechos importantes que impactan positivamente en el entorno empresarial regional y nacional.Editorial. - 5 Valor en riesgo usando valores extremos y cópulas. - 7 Exploración de los derivados del crédito. - 21 Aplicación del modelo ARCH y GARCH para el Cálculo de la Volatilidad en Riesgo de Mercado. - 29 Ingeniería Financiera y Emprendimiento. - 37 Canal Vía Renta: Un Problema para Países Pequeños. - 40 La Elección del Canal. - 43 La Demanda Efectiva en Tugan Baranovski y Kalecki . - 48 Volatilidad, Modelos de Medición. - 52 ¿Y quién tuvo la culpa? . - 58The Financial Engineering program, upon reaching its sixteenth anniversary of operation, is consolidated in the Santander academic community, registering important events that have a positive impact on the regional and national business environment

A comparison of body composition assessment methods in climbers: Which is better?

Objective To compare body composition estimations of field estimation methods: Durnin & Womersley anthropometry (DW-ANT), bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and Deborah-Kerr anthropometry (DK-ANT) against dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in a male Chilean sport climbing sample. Methods 30 adult male climbers of different performance levels participated in the study. A DXA scan (Lunar Prodigy (R)) was used to determine fat mass, lean mass and total bone mineral content (BMC). Total muscle mass (MM, kg) was estimated through a validated prediction model. DW-ANT and BIA ("non-athletes" and "athletes" equations) were used to determinate fat mass percentage (FM %), while DK-ANT was utilized to estimate MM and BMC. Results A significant (p<0.01) inter-method difference was observed for all methods analyzed. When compared to DXA, DW-ANT and BIA underestimated FM% and DK-ANT overestimated MM and BMC (All p< 0.01). The inter-method differences was lower for DW-ANT. Discussion We found that body composition estimation in climbers is highly method dependent. If DXA is not available, DW-ANT for FM% has a lower bias of estimation than BIA in young male Chilean climbers. For MM and BMC, further studies are needed to compare and estimate the DK-ANT bias level. For both methods, correction equations for specific climbing population should be considered

Trayectos de investigación en trabajo social: hacia una cultura de investigación.

Los contenidos de Trayectos de investigación en Trabajo Social ponen a consideración del público diversas temáticas que, estructuradas como líneas de investigación, motivan la controversia y la construcción de conocimiento al interior del programa, en algunos casos como resultado de procesos de investigación formativa y del desarrollo de semilleros de investigación, y en otros como resultado de apuestas individuales que logran convencer e involucrar a otros miembros del equipo docente. Esto, en atención a la necesidad de resaltar y fortalecer una relación entre docencia e investigación que evite que el proceso formativo se convierte en rutinario y sin sentido, ante la dinámica de los problemas y contextos frente a los cuales se pretende reflexionar y generar conocimiento. En esa medida, es esencial mencionar que el interés de los investigadores del programa es que, además de apreciar el proceso vivido en cada caso, la comunidad académica pueda relacionar entre si las diferentes temáticas que, tal vez por ser presentadas en forma separa como líneas de investigación, puedan no ser visualizadas como parte integral del proceso complejo de configuración del actuar investigativo en el marco del programa de Trabajo Social

Tejido adiposo y perímetro de cuello como predictores de riesgo cardiometabólico en adultos sedentarios

Background: Upper body subcutaneous fat is related to cardiometabolic risk (CMR) factors, independently of visceral adipose tissue (VAT), suggesting that other fat deposits beyond that of VAT, could be explaining this additional risk. Aims: To study the association between neck adipose tissue (NAT) and neck circumference (NC) with CMR, inflammatory factors, sedentary time, physical activity (PA), and examine the dose-response effect of a concurrent exercise intervention of six months on neck measurements in sedentary adults. Methods: This doctoral thesis was structured in 4 cross-sectional studies (studies 1, 2, 3 and 4) and 1 randomized controlled trial (study 5). Sedentary young Spanish adults aged 18 to 25 years old (studies 1, 3, 4 and 5) were included. The participants were randomized into three groups: control, moderate-intensity and vigorous-intensity exercise in the ACTIBATE project (Clinical Trial Registration: NCT002365129). The NAT was estimated using positron emission tomography combined with computed tomography. Compartmental (subcutaneous, intermuscular and perivertebral) and total NAT volumes were determined, and NC was measured. Additionally, we used data of another study with available information on NC and intermuscular adipose tissue content in the thigh of premenopausal women with overweight and obesity (n=142, Clinical Trial Registration: NCT00513084, study 2). Results: NC was positively associated with markers of body composition in women and men young (P ≤0.002) (study 1), and with adipose tissue content in thigh skeletal muscle in premenopausal women (P ≤0.001) (study 2). In addition (study 3), NAT was directly associated with CMR and inflammatory status (independently of VAT), (P ≤0.001) and inversely associated with PA levels, mainly in men (study 4). Lastly, moderate and vigorous-intensity exercise decreased significantly, 1.01 and 0.77 centimetres of NC, respectively (study 5). Conclusions: The present doctoral thesis provides novel information about the relationship between NAT depots with overall and central adiposity, CMR factors, inflammatory status, sedentary behaviour and PA levels. It also shows the impact of an exercise intervention on neck measurements. In addition, these findings highlight the utility of NC as a subrogate indicator of NAT estimation and ectopic fat deposition in the thigh skeletal muscle in overweight and obese premenopausal women.Antecedentes: La grasa subcutánea del tronco superior es relacionada con factores de riego cardiometabólico (RCM), independientemente del tejido adiposo visceral (TAV), sugiriendo que otros depósitos de grasa más allá del TAV, podrían estar explicando este riesgo adicional. Objetivos: Estudiar la asociación entre el tejido adiposo del cuello (TA cuello) y la circunferencia del cuello (CC) con RCM, factores inflamatorios, tiempo de sedentarismo, actividad física (AP), y examinar el efecto dosis-respuesta de una intervención de ejercicio concurrente de seis meses sobre mediciones de cuello en adultos sedentarios. Métodos: Esta tesis doctoral se estructuró en 4 estudios transversales (estudios 1, 2, 3 y 4) y 1 ensayo aleatorio controlado (estudio 5). Adultos jóvenes españoles sedentarios entre 18 y 25 años (estudios 1, 3, 4 y 5) fueron incluidos. Los participantes fueron aleatorizados en tres grupos en el proyecto ACTIBATE (Registro de ensayos clínicos: NCT002365129): grupo control, grupo de ejercicio de intensidad moderada y grupo de ejercicio de intensidad vigorosa. El TA cuello fue estimado mediante tomografía por emisión de positrones combinada con tomografía computarizada. Los volúmenes de TA cuello compartimental (subcutáneo, intermuscular y perivertebral), TA cuello total, y CC fueron medidos. Adicionalmente, utilizamos datos de otro estudio con información disponible sobre CC y contenido de tejido adiposo intermuscular en el muslo de mujeres pre-menopáusicas con sobrepeso y obesidad (n = 142, Registro de ensayos clínicos: NCT00513084, estudio 2). Resultados: CC fue asociado positivamente con marcadores de composición corporal en mujeres y hombres jóvenes (P ≤0.002) (estudio 1), y con contenido de tejido adiposo en el músculo esquelético del muslo en mujeres pre-menopáusicas (P ≤0.001) (estudio 2). Además (estudio 3), TA cuello fue directamente asociado con RCM y estado inflamatorio (independientemente del TAV), (P ≤0.001) e inversamente asociado con niveles AP, principalmente en hombres (estudio 4). Por último, el ejercicio de intensidad moderada y vigorosa disminuyó significativamente la CC en 1.01 y 0.77 centímetros, respectivamente (estudio 5). Conclusiones: La presente tesis doctoral proporciona novedosa información sobre la relación entre los depósitos TA cuello con adiposidad general y central, factores de RCM, estado inflamatorio, comportamiento sedentario y niveles de AP. También muestra el impacto de una intervención de ejercicio sobre las mediciones de cuello. Adicionalmente, estos hallazgos resaltan la utilidad de la CC como indicador subrogado de la estimación de TA cuello de adultos jóvenes y del depósito de grasa ectópica en el músculo esquelético del muslo de mujeres pre-menopáusicas con sobrepeso y obesidad.Tesis Univ. Granada.Beca de Doctorado de la Fundación Carolina, Convenio 2016

Association of Neck Circumference with Anthropometric Indicators and Body Composition Measured by DXA in Young Spanish Adults

Background: Due to a clinical and public health interest of neck circumference (NC), a better understanding of this simple anthropometric measurement, as a valid marker of body composition is necessary. Methods: A total of 119 young healthy adults participated in this study. NC was measured over the thyroid cartilage and perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the neck. Body weight, height, waist circumference (WC), and hip circumference were measured. A Dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan was used to determine fat mass, lean mass, and visceral adipose tissue (VAT). Additionally, body mass index (BMI) and triponderal mass index (TMI), the waist to hip and waist to height ratios, and the fat mass and lean mass indexes (FMI and LMI, respectively) were calculated. Results: NC was positively associated in women (W) and men (M), with BMI (rW = 0.70 and rM = 0.84, respectively), TMI (rW = 0.63 and rM = 0.80, respectively), WC (rW = 0.75 and rM = 0.86, respectively), VAT (rW = 0.74 and rM = 0.82, respectively), Waist/hip (rW = 0.51 and rM = 0.67, respectively), Waist/height (rW = 0.68 and rM = 0.83, respectively) and FMI (rW = 0.61 and rM = 0.81, respectively). The association between NC and indicators of body composition was however weaker than that observed by BMI, TMI, WC and Waist/height in both women and men. It is of note that in women, NC was associated with FMI, VAT and LMI independently of BMI. In men, adding NC to anthropometric variables did not improve the prediction of body composition, while slight improvements were observed in women. Conclusions: Taken together, the present study provides no indication for NC as a useful proxy of body composition parameters in young adults, yet future studies should explore its usefulness as a measure to use in combination with BMI, especially in women

Condición física, riesgo cardiometabólico y frecuencia cardiaca de recuperación en escolares chilenos

Objective: To evaluate the association of physical fitness (PF) and cardiometabolic risk (CMR) with heart rate recovery time (Delta HRR) in Chilean school aged children. Methods: Cross-sectional study in 478 6-9 years old children participants. We measured weight, height and abdominal circumference. Fitness was measured using the 6MWT, grip strength and leap forward without impulse tests; PF z-scores were calculated. Heart rate (HR) was monitored and recorded during the 6MWT. Delta HRR was calculated as the difference between HR before and one minute after test; blood glucose, insulin, triglycerides and HDL-cholesterol were measured. Waist circumference, CMR-z and HOMA were calculated. Results: Absolute Delta HRR and CMR-z measures in normal weight children were lower than in obese children (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively). In obese children, Delta HRR was also associated with grip strength/weight (r = -0.6, p < 0.01) and PF-z (r = -0.6, p = 0.04). Insulin and HOMA were significantly related to Delta HRR (r = 0.3, p < 0.001), especially in overweight and obese children. Delta HRR values were not associated with CMR-z. Conclusions: A significant relationship between Delta HRR with fitness and insulin sensitivity in overweight and obese school children was found. We consider that these results support the need to measure these variables in overweight and obese children, in order to strengthen the need for early prevention.Objetivo: establecer la asociación entre la condición física (CF) y el riesgo cardiometabólico (RCM) con el tiempo de recuperación de la frecuencia cardiaca (ΔFCR) en escolares chilenos. Métodos: estudio trasversal de 478 escolares de 6 a 9 años de ambos sexos. Se evaluó peso, talla y perímetro abdominal. Se midió CF global mediante T6M, fuerza de agarre y salto hacia adelante sin impulso; se calculó z-CF. Se midió frecuencia cardiaca (FC) con sensor durante el T6M. Calculamos ΔFCRecup como la diferencia entre la FC en reposo y la FC al minuto de finalizado el test, glicemia, insulinemia, trigliceridemia y colesterol-HD. Perímetro de cintura, z-RCM y HOMA fueron calculados. Resultados: los escolares normopeso tuvieron menor ∆FCRecup y z-RCM que los obesos (p < 0,05 and p < 0,01 respectivamente). En niños obesos, el ∆FCRecup se asoció a fuerza de agarre/peso (r = -0,6, p < 0,01) y z-CF (r = -0,6, p = 0,04). Un menor ∆FCRecup se relacionó con menores niveles de insulinemia y HOMA (r = 0,3, p < 0,001), especialmente en el grupo de escolares con sobrepeso y obesidad. El ΔFCRecup no fue asociado a z-RCM. Conclusión: existe asociación entre el ΔFCRecup y la condición física y sensibilidad insulínica en escolares con sobrepeso y/u obesidad, lo que refuerza la necesidad de la medición de esta variable en niños con sobrepeso y obesidad para una prevención temprana.Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico (FONDECYT N°1100206) del Gobierno de Chil

Carbohydrate and lipid consumption before a training session changed the fat mass in health-physically active adults: A controlled and randomized clinical trial El consumo de hidratos de carbono y lípidos incluidos en una matriz alimentaria previo a una s

© 2018 SENPE and Arán Ediciones S.L. Introduction: The effect of exercise on fat-acid oxidation depends on its intensity and duration. Pre-training ingest of carbohydrates (CH) decreases the rate of fat oxidation. In contrast, the effect of pre-consumption of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) is less known. Objective: the aim of this study was to compare the effect of pre-consumption of two isocaloric snacks in a standardized exercise session during a period of nine weeks and to quantify their impact in the fat oxidation and decrease of fat mass in healthy and physically active adults. Methods: randomized, placebo-control clinical trial study. A total of 19 subjects between 20 and 39 years old were randomly distributed in three groups: CH group, with snack of high content of complex CH; FAT group, with snack of high content of MUFA; and control group, with a minimum fast for three hours before the training session. The measurements were rate of fat oxidation, body composition, and en