138 research outputs found
Biochemical characterization of recombinant Candida albicans mannosyltransferases Mnt1, Mnt2 and Mnt5 reveals new functions in O- and N-mannan biosynthesis
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Advances in estimation by the item sum technique using auxiliary information in complex surveys
To collect sensitive data, survey statisticians have designed many strategies to reduce
nonresponse rates and social desirability response bias. In recent years, the item count
technique (ICT) has gained considerable popularity and credibility as an alternative mode
of indirect questioning survey, and several variants of this technique have been proposed as
new needs and challenges arise. The item sum technique (IST), which was introduced by
Chaudhuri and Christofides (2013) and Trappmann et al. (2014), is one such variant, used
to estimate the mean of a sensitive quantitative variable. In this approach, sampled units are
asked to respond to a two-list of items containing a sensitive question related to the study
variable and various innocuous, nonsensitive, questions. To the best of our knowledge,
very few theoretical and applied papers have addressed the IST. In this article, therefore,
we present certain methodological advances as a contribution to appraising the use of the
IST in real-world surveys. In particular, we employ a generic sampling design to examine
the problem of how to improve the estimates of the sensitive mean when auxiliary information on the population under study is available and is used at the design and estimation
stages. A Horvitz-Thompson type estimator and a calibration type estimator are proposed
and their efficiency is evaluated by means of an extensive simulation study. Using simulation experiments, we show that estimates obtained by the IST are nearly equivalent to those
obtained using âtrue dataâ and that in general they outperform the estimates provided by a
competitive randomized response method. Moreover, the variance estimation may be considered satisfactory. These results open up new perspectives for academics, researchers and
survey practitioners, and could justify the use of the IST as a valid alternative to traditional
direct questioning survey modes.Ministerio de EconomĂa y Competitividad of SpainMinisterio de Educacion, Cultura y Deporteproject PRIN-SURWE
Tendencias de la investigaciĂłn en IngenierĂa Ambiental
Esta obra incluye las memorias del Simposio âTendencias de la InvestigaciĂłn en IngenierĂa Ambientalâ, organizado por el Grupo de Investigaciones y Mediciones Ambientales (GEMA), realizado en la Universidad de MedellĂn en agosto de 2007. El texto estĂĄ conformado por 14 capĂtulos agrupados en cuatro partes. En la primera se agrupan los trabajos relacionados con la calidad y alternativas de tratamiento del agua e hidrĂĄulica ambiental (capĂtulos 1 al 4). La segunda trata temas relacionados con la contaminaciĂłn atmosfĂŠrica y calidad del aire (capĂtulos 5 al 6). La tercera estĂĄ relacionada con las tecnologĂas ambientales para la recuperaciĂłn y conservaciĂłn de suelos (capĂtulos 7 al 10) y la cuarta y Ăşltima comprende las temĂĄticas asociadas con la sostenibilidad ambiental del territorio (capĂtulos 11 al 14). En este sentido, estamos convencidos del valioso aporte que el libro darĂĄ a la comunidad cientĂfica, por ser este un documento de divulgaciĂłn de resultados de investigaciĂłn en ingenierĂa ambiental.PRĂLOGO............13
PRESENTACIĂN.............15
PRIMERA PARTE
CALIDAD Y ALTERNATIVAS DE TRATAMIENTO DEL AGUA HIDRĂULICA AMBIENTAL
CapĂtulo 1
PRETRATAMIENTO DE AGUAS RESIDUALES INDUSTRIALES MEDIANTE FOTO-FENTON SOLAR A ESCALA INDUSTRIAL ACOPLADO A BIOTRATAMIENTO CON FANGOS ACTIVOS INMOVILIZADOS
Manuel Ignacio Maldonado, Isabel Oller, Wolfgang Gernjak, Sixto Malato
1.1 INTRODUCCIĂN............19
1.2 MATERIALES Y MĂTODOS.............21
1.2.1 Reactivos............21
1.2.2 Determinaciones analĂticas.............22
1.2.3 Dispositivo experimental.............23
1.3 R ESULTADOS Y DISCUSIĂN............ 27
1.3.1 Tratamiento foto-Fenton solar............27
1.3.2 Biotratamiento mediante fangos activos inmovilizados.............33
1.3.3 Sistema combinado foto-Fenton solar-biolĂłgico aerĂłbico............35
1.4 CONCLUSIONES............. 42
CapĂtulo 2
DEGRADACIĂN DE LA ATRAZINA EN SOLUCIĂN ACUOSA USANDO RADIACIĂN UV Y PROCESOS DE OXIDACIĂN AVANZADA
Margarita HincapiĂŠ, Gustavo PeĂąuela, Manuel I. Maldonado, Sixto Malato
2.1 INTRODUCCIĂN..............47
2.2 SECCIĂN EXPERIMENTAL..............53
2.2.1 Materiales.............53
2.2.2 MetodologĂa...............53
2.2.3 DeterminaciĂłn analĂtica..............55
2.2.4 DeterminaciĂłn de la toxicidad...............55
2.3 R ESULTADOS Y DISCUSIĂN...............56
2.3.1 HidrĂłlisis..............56
2.3.2 FotĂłlisis y fotocatĂĄlisis con TiO2 Degussa P25.............56
2.3.3 Efecto de los agentes oxidantes perĂłxido de hidrĂłgeno y persulfato de sodio en la fotocatĂĄlisis..............59
2.3.4 Proceso foto Fenton..............63
2.3.5 EvaluaciĂłn de los aniones inorgĂĄnicos durante los dos tratamientos.............66
2.3.6 CuantificaciĂłn e identificaciĂłn de los productos de degradaciĂłn...............68
2.3.7 EvaluaciĂłn de la toxicidad...............71
2.4 CONCLUSIONES...............74
CapĂtulo 3
HUMEDALES ARTIFICIALES PARA EL TRATAMIENTO DE AGUAS RESIDUALES
Nazly E. SĂĄnchez P., Gustavo A. PeĂąuela M., Juan C. Casas Z.
3.1 INTRODUCCIĂN...............81
3.2 MARCO TEĂRICO...............83
3.2.1 Humedales construidos para el tratamiento de aguas residuales..............84
3.2.2 ClasificaciĂłn de los humedales.............85
3.2.3 Ventajas y desventajas de los humedales subsuperficiales..............87
3.2.4 Aspectos a considerar en los humedales subsuperficiales..............88
3.3 MATERIALES Y MĂTODOS.................89
3.3.1 DiseĂąo y construcciĂłn de los humedales a escala piloto..............89
3.3.2 Componentes del agua residual sintĂŠtica................90
3.3.3 Siembra y aclimataciĂłn de plantas............... 90
3.3.4 Muestreos............91
3.4 R ESULTADOS Y DISCUSIĂN..............91
3.4.1 pH..............91
3.4.2 Demanda bioquĂmica de oxĂgeno (DBO5)..............92
3.4.3 Carbono orgĂĄnico total (COT)................94
3.5 CONCLUSIONES................95
CapĂtulo 4
DESCRIPCIĂN DE LA DINĂMICA OCEANOGRĂFICA DEL GOLFO DE URABĂ UTILIZANDO MEDICIONES DE CAMPO
Luis Javier Montoya Jaramillo, Francisco Mauricio Toro Botero
4.1 INTRODUCCIĂN...............103
4.2 DATOS Y MĂTODOS................107
4.3 DISCUSIĂN..............118
4.4 CONCLUSIONES............. 120
SEGUNDA PARTE
CONTAMINACIĂN ATMOSFĂRICA Y CALIDAD DEL AIRE
CapĂtulo 5
IMPACTO DE LAS MOTOCICLETAS EN LA CALIDAD DEL AIRE. ESTUDIO DE CASO: MONTERĂA
Carlos Alberto Echeverri LondoĂąo
5.1 INTRODUCCIĂN.................127
5.2 MATERIALES Y MĂTODOS...............131
5.2.1 S elecciĂłn de los sitios de mediciĂłn...............131
5.2.2 PerĂodo de mediciĂłn................131
5.2.3 ParĂĄmetros seleccionados...............132
5.2.4 Equipos y materiales utilizados..............132
5.2.5 Ăndices de calidad del aire..............133
5.2.6 LegislaciĂłn.............. 138
5.2.7 Inventario de emisiones..............141
5.3 RESULTADOS...............142
5.3.1 Calidad del aire y calidad acĂşstica................142
5.3.2 Emisiones vehiculares.............150
5.3.3 Inventario de emisiones.............155
5.4 CONCLUSIONES.............. 158
5.5 RECOMENDACIONES............. 160
CapĂtulo 6
ROMPIMIENTO DE LA INVERSIĂN TĂRMICA EN EL VALLE DE ABURRĂ
Ăngela M. RendĂłn, JosĂŠ F. JimĂŠnez, Carlos Palacio
6.1 INTRODUCCIĂN...............163
6.2 MEDICIĂN DE VARIABLES ATMOSFĂRICAS..............164
6.3 CAMPAĂAS DE MEDICIĂN.............165
6.4 RESULTADOS..............166
6.5 CONCLUSIONES................170
TERCERA PARTE
TECNOLOGĂAS AMBIENTALES
PARA LA RECUPERACIĂN Y CONSERVACIĂN DE SUELOS
CapĂtulo 7
ESTRUCTURA MODELO DE LA PARTĂCULA FUNDAMENTAL DEL COMPOST
Carlos E. Arroyave M., Carlos A. PelĂĄez J.
7.1 INTRODUCCIĂN..............177
7.2 MATERIALES Y EQUIPOS.............178
7.2.1 Materias primas y planta de compostaje............178
7.2.2 ObtenciĂłn de fracciones............. 182
7.2.3 AnĂĄlisis estadĂstico.............184
7.3 RESULTADOS Y DISCUSIĂN.............184
7.3.1 CaracterizaciĂłn fisicoquĂmica del material de RSUsf...........184
7.3.2 TamaĂąo de partĂcula.............185
7.3.3 AnĂĄlisis instrumental................187
7.3.4 Modelo de partĂcula..............194
7.4 CONCLUSIONES..............195
CapĂtulo 8
DEGRADACIĂN DE HEXACLOROCICLOHEXANO (HCH) CON HONGOS DE PODREDUMBRE DE LA MADERA
Juan Carlos Quintero DĂaz, Gumersindo Feijoo, Juan Manuel Lema
8.1 INTRODUCCIĂN..............199
8.2 MATERIALES Y MĂTODOS..............204
8.2.1 Microorganismos.............204
8.2.2 Ensayos de selecciĂłn de los hongos de podredumbre de la madera.............204
8.2.3 Ensayos de degradaciĂłn de HCH en medio lĂquido.............205
8.2.4 Ensayos de degradaciĂłn de HCH en sobre suelo contaminado.............205
8.2.5 ExtracciĂłn y anĂĄlisis de los isĂłmeros de HCH.............208
8.3 RESULTADOS Y DISCUSIĂN..............209
8.3.1 SelecciĂłn de los microorganismos.............209
8.3.2 DegradaciĂłn de HCH en medio lĂquido.............210
8.3.3 DegradaciĂłn de HCH en fase sĂłlida.............212
8.4 CONCLUSIONES.............. 220
CapĂtulo 9
AVANCES EN LA PROPAGACIĂN ASIMBIĂTICA IN VITRO DE ORQUĂDEAS CON ESPECIAL ĂNFASIS EN EL GĂNERO CATTLEYA
Liliana R. Botero, MarĂa A. Jaramillo, Ăscar O. Ossa R., Tatiana Saldarriaga F., EstefanĂa Ortiz R.
9.1 INTRODUCCIĂN...............227
9.2 MATERIALES Y MĂTODOS...............231
9.2.1 EvaluaciĂłn de la metodologĂa de desinfecciĂłn de cĂĄpsulas de orquĂdeas.............231
9.2.2 EvaluaciĂłn del efecto de un abono comercial y un suplemento comercial de banano............239
9.3 R ESULTADOS Y DISCUSIĂN..............242
9.3.1 Ensayos de desinfecciĂłn...............242
9.3.2 Resultados del efecto de un abono comercial y un suplemento de banano comercial....246
9.4 CONCLUSIONES..............254
CapĂtulo 10
MOVILIDAD DEL BRAVONIL 720 (CLOROTALONILO) A TRAVĂS DE LA ZONA NO SATURADA Y SATURADA DE UN ACUĂFERO LIBRE SIMULADO
Idalia Jacqueline LĂłpez SĂĄnchez, Gustavo Antonio PeĂąuela Mesa
10.1 INTRODUCCIĂN...............259
10.2 MATERIALES Y MĂTODOS...............261
10.3 RESULTADOS Y DISCUSIĂN..............269
10.4 CONCLUSIONES..............292
CUARTA PARTE
SOSTENIBILIDAD AMBIENTAL DEL TERRITORIO
CapĂtulo 11
LA RESPONSABILIDAD SOCIAL EMPRESARIAL COMO COMPONENTE DE SOSTENIBILIDAD AMBIENTAL
John Fredy LĂłpez PĂŠrez
11.1 INTRODUCCIĂN...............299
11.2 UNA LECTURA DE LA SOSTENIBILIDAD AMBIENTAL DESDE UN PUNTO DE VISTA SOCIAL..............300
11.3 EL CONCEPTO DE LA RESPONSABILIDAD SOCIAL EMPRESARIAL...............303
11.4 LA RESPONSABILIDAD SOCIAL COMO ESPACIO PARA L A SOSTENIBILIDAD AMBIENTAL.............309
11.5 ESBOZOS DE UN CASO: EL SECTOR ELĂCTRICO COLOMBIANO..............311
11.6 CONCLUSIONES..............319
CapĂtulo 12
DETERMINACIĂN ESPACIAL DE ĂREAS DE IMPORTANCIA ESTRATĂGICA
El caso de microcuencas abastecedoras de acueductos veredales del municipio de MedellĂn
JoaquĂn HincapiĂŠ, Ălvaro Lema
12.1 INTRODUCCIĂN................323
12.2 LA NOCIĂN DE ĂREA DE IMPORTANCIA ESTRATĂGICA...............325
12.3 LA IDEA DE LOS SERV ICIOS AMBIENTALES..............328
12.4 ESTRATEGIA METODOLĂGICA EN LA IDENTIFICACIĂN Y DETERMINACIĂN DE LAS ĂREAS DE IMPORTANCIA ESTRATĂGICA............332
12.5 L OS RESULTADOS DEL MODELO...............359
12.6 CONCLUSIONES............. 361
CapĂtulo 13
LA EDUCACIĂN AMBIENTAL EN LA TRANSFORMACIĂN DE LA CULTURA
Luz Ăngela PeĂąa MarĂn, Alba Miriam Vergara Vargas
13.1 INTRODUCCIĂN..............369
13.2 APROXIMACIĂN CONCEPTUAL...............370
13.2.1 La reflexividad...............372
13.2.2 La construcciĂłn del otro...............374
13.2.3 El discurso.............. 372
13.2.4 La autonomĂa y la participaciĂłn..............375
13.2.5 La educaciĂłn ambiental y el desarrollo humano..............378
13.2.6 Base conceptual de la educaciĂłn ambiental..............380
13.2.7 Contexto sociocultural..............382
13.2.8 DiagnĂłstico de la educaciĂłn ambiental y la administraciĂłn de los recursos naturales..............392
13.2.9 Criterios corporativos de educaciĂłn ambiental.............394
13.3 CONCLUSIONES...............398
CapĂtulo 14
ENFOQUE CONCEPTUAL DE UN SISTEMA DE INDICADORES AMBIENTALES PARA LA EVALUACIĂN DE LOS POT: municipios del Valle de San NicolĂĄs Oriente AntioqueĂąo
Carolina Arias MuĂąoz, Diana Elizabeth Valencia LondoĂąo, Boris Puerto LĂłpez
14.1 INTRODUCCIĂN...............401
14.2 ENFOQUE CONCEPTUAL DEL SISTEMA DE INDICADORES..............406
14.2.1 Primera aproximaciĂłn: el enfoque de impacto ambiental..............406
14.2.2 Enfoque sistĂŠmico: de la sostenibilidad ambiental..............408
14.3 PROPUESTA FINAL DE INDICADORES E ĂNDICE DE SOSTENIBILIDAD AMBIENTAL DEL POT ISAPOT.............424
14.4 R EFLEXIONES FINALES..............42
Proceedings of Patient Reported Outcome Measureâs (PROMs) Conference Oxford 2017: Advances in Patient Reported Outcomes Research
A33-Effects of Out-of-Pocket (OOP) Payments and Financial Distress on Quality of Life (QoL) of People with Parkinsonâs (PwP) and their Carer
Refined histopathological predictors of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation status: A large-scale analysis of breast cancer characteristics from the BCAC, CIMBA, and ENIGMA consortia
Introduction: The distribution of histopathological features of invasive breast tumors in BRCA1 or BRCA2 germline mutation carriers differs from that of individuals with no known mutation. Histopathological features thus have utility for mutation prediction, including statistical modeling to assess pathogenicity of BRCA1 or BRCA2 variants of uncertain clinical significance. We analyzed large pathology datasets accrued by the Consortium of Investigators of Modifiers of BRCA1/2 (CIMBA) and the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC) to reassess histopathological predictors of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation status, and provide robust likelihood ratio (LR) estimates for statistical modeling. Methods: Selection criteria for study/center inclusion were estrogen receptor (ER) status or grade data available for invasive breast cancer diagnosed younger than 70 years. The dataset included 4,477 BRCA1 mutation carriers, 2,565 BRCA2 mutation carriers, and 47,565 BCAC breast cancer cases. Country-stratified estimates of the
Evidence that breast cancer risk at the 2q35 locus is mediated through IGFBP5 regulation.
GWAS have identified a breast cancer susceptibility locus on 2q35. Here we report the fine mapping of this locus using data from 101,943 subjects from 50 case-control studies. We genotype 276 SNPs using the 'iCOGS' genotyping array and impute genotypes for a further 1,284 using 1000 Genomes Project data. All but two, strongly correlated SNPs (rs4442975 G/T and rs6721996 G/A) are excluded as candidate causal variants at odds against >100:1. The best functional candidate, rs4442975, is associated with oestrogen receptor positive (ER+) disease with an odds ratio (OR) in Europeans of 0.85 (95% confidence interval=0.84-0.87; P=1.7 Ă 10(-43)) per t-allele. This SNP flanks a transcriptional enhancer that physically interacts with the promoter of IGFBP5 (encoding insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 5) and displays allele-specific gene expression, FOXA1 binding and chromatin looping. Evidence suggests that the g-allele confers increased breast cancer susceptibility through relative downregulation of IGFBP5, a gene with known roles in breast cell biology
Common, low-frequency, rare, and ultra-rare coding variants contribute to COVID-19 severity
The combined impact of common and rare exonic variants in COVID-19 host genetics is currently insufficiently understood. Here, common and rare variants from whole-exome sequencing data of about 4000 SARS-CoV-2-positive individuals were used to define an interpretable machine-learning model for predicting COVID-19 severity. First, variants were converted into separate sets of Boolean features, depending on the absence or the presence of variants in each gene. An ensemble of LASSO logistic regression models was used to identify the most informative Boolean features with respect to the genetic bases of severity. The Boolean features selected by these logistic models were combined into an Integrated PolyGenic Score that offers a synthetic and interpretable index for describing the contribution of host genetics in COVID-19 severity, as demonstrated through testing in several independent cohorts. Selected features belong to ultra-rare, rare, low-frequency, and common variants, including those in linkage disequilibrium with known GWAS loci. Noteworthily, around one quarter of the selected genes are sex-specific. Pathway analysis of the selected genes associated with COVID-19 severity reflected the multi-organ nature of the disease. The proposed model might provide useful information for developing diagnostics and therapeutics, while also being able to guide bedside disease management. Š 2021, The Author(s)
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