Positivismo jurídico, Estado de Derecho y libertad: una propuesta de formulación = Legal Positivism, Rule of Law and Freedom: A Proposal for Formulating

Resumen: En el presente trabajo se exploran las posibles vías de conexión entre el positivismo jurídico, el liberalismo clásico y el Estado de Derecho, tarea que siempre se ha visto dificultada por la visión antipositivista de los autores liberales. En tal sentido, se analizan y responden las críticas antipositivistas con el propósito de mostrar la compatibilidad entre el positivismo jurídico y el ideal del Estado de Derecho. Palabras clave: Liberalismo clásico, positivismo jurídico, Estado de Derecho, separación entre derecho y moral, fuentes sociales del derecho.Abstract: This article explores possible connections between legal positivism, classical liberalism and the rule of law, a task that has been obstructed by the anti-positivist vision of liberal authors. In that sense, anti-positivists critics are analyzed and contested with the purpose of showing the compatibility between legal positivism and the rule of law ideal. Keywords: Classical liberalism, legal positivism, rule of law, separation between law and morals, social sources of the law.

A922 Sequential measurement of 1 hour creatinine clearance (1-CRCL) in critically ill patients at risk of acute kidney injury (AKI)

Meeting abstrac

El debate actual sobre el administrative state en los Estados Unidos de América y sus posibles repercusiones en el contencioso-administrativo español

This article has two parts. On the first part, there is a critique of administrative law institutions, on the light of liberal principles such as the rule of law (political sphere) and the mínimum State (economic sphere), in order to put into context the general problem of the judicial protection of rights and guarantees against public Administration. The second part shows the status of the debate on the administrative state in the US –i. e. on the government bodies and agencies which seem to have gone beyond the original framework of the Constitution, reaching the point of affecting individuals' rights and guarantees. The American case is shown as an example to also analize the current situation of administrative justice in Spain, where it has not been possible to establish legally an authentic trial to confront public Administration’s actions and omissions, verifying that both in the US and Spain, the problem still is the existence –both at administrative and judicial levels– of prerrogatives in favor of public Administration. Finally, the autor foresees the possible impact in Spain of the current US debate on the administrative state.El presente trabajo consta de dos partes. En la primera parte, se hace una crítica de las instituciones del derecho administrativo, a la luz de los postulados liberales del Estado de derecho (en el plano político) y del Estado mínimo (en el plano económico) para poner en contexto el problema de la tutela judicial de los derechos y garantías particulares frente a la Administración. Y en la segunda parte, se muestra el estado del debate en los Estados Unidos sobre el llamado Estado administrativo, esto es, el conjunto de órganos y agencias gubernamentales de ese país, cuya actuación parece haber desbordado el marco de la Constitución y ha llegado al punto de lesionar los derechos y garantías particulares. El caso norteamericano se pone como ejemplo para analizar la situación actual del contencioso-administrativo en España, el cual no ha sido capaz de configurar un auténtico proceso judicial frente a la Administración pública, y con ello verificar que –tanto en los Estados Unidos como en España– el problema radica en la consagración de prerrogativas a favor de la Administración pública, tanto en sede administrativa como en sede judicial. Finalmente, el autor prevé el posible impacto que tenga en España el debate sobre el Estado administrativo en los Estados Unidos

Biopsia endomiocárdica: Revisión y experiencia de 176 procedimientos

La biopsia endomiocárdica, es de ayuda diagnóstica para diversas cardiopatías. Se realizaron 176 procedimientos en 65 pacientes, 43 masculinos y 22 femeninos, edad 29.8 ±11.5 años (4 días a 66 años). En el grupo A (n = 26) pacientes postrasplante cardíaco, se realizaron 137 procedimientos, 39 en trasplante heterotópico y 98 ortotópico. En el grupo B integrado por 39 pacientes con cardiopatías diversas, se realizaron 39 procedimientos. El acceso fue por vía yugular en 3 pacientes (1.7%), la vía femoral se utilizó en 173 (98.3%) pacientes; 168 (95%) por vía venosa; vía arterial en 5 (2.5%). Se presentaron complicaciones mayores en 3 pacientes (1.7%). La biopsia endomiocárdica tiene una morbilidad y mortalidad muy baja. La ayuda diagnóstica histológica para la decisión terapéutica en el grupo A fue del 100%. En pacientes postrasplante cardíaco hay una mortalidad de 0% y complicaciones graves en el 1.7% tales como enfermedad vascular cerebral (EVC) y fístula coronaria derecha al ventrículo derecho. La vía de acceso más frecuentemente utilizada en nuestra serie fue la vía venosa femoral

Examining the immune signatures of SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnancy and the impact on neurodevelopment: Protocol of the SIGNATURE longitudinal study.

The COVID-19 pandemic represents a valuable opportunity to carry out cohort studies that allow us to advance our knowledge on pathophysiological mechanisms of neuropsychiatric diseases. One of these opportunities is the study of the relationships between inflammation, brain development and an increased risk of suffering neuropsychiatric disorders. Based on the hypothesis that neuroinflammation during early stages of life is associated with neurodevelopmental disorders and confers a greater risk of developing neuropsychiatric disorders, we propose a cohort study of SARS-CoV-2-infected pregnant women and their newborns. The main objective of SIGNATURE project is to explore how the presence of prenatal SARS-CoV-2 infection and other non-infectious stressors generates an abnormal inflammatory activity in the newborn. The cohort of women during the COVID-19 pandemic will be psychological and biological monitored during their pregnancy, delivery, childbirth and postpartum. The biological information of the umbilical cord (foetus blood) and peripheral blood from the mother will be obtained after childbirth. These samples and the clinical characterisation of the cohort of mothers and newborns, are tremendously valuable at this time. This is a protocol report and no analyses have been conducted yet, being currently at, our study is in the recruitment process step. At the time of this publication, we have identified 1,060 SARS-CoV-2 infected mothers and all have already given birth. From the total of identified mothers, we have recruited 537 SARS-COV-2 infected women and all of them have completed the mental health assessment during pregnancy. We have collected biological samples from 119 mothers and babies. Additionally, we have recruited 390 non-infected pregnant women

Early neurological change after ischemic stroke is associated with 90-day outcome

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Large-scale observational studies of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) promise to reveal mechanisms underlying cerebral ischemia. However, meaningful quantitative phenotypes attainable in large patient populations are needed. We characterize a dynamic metric of AIS instability, defined by change in NIH stroke scale score (NIHSS) from baseline to 24 hours (baseline – 24h = ΔNIHSS(6–24h)), to examine its relevance to AIS mechanisms and long-term outcomes. METHODS: Patients with NIHSS prospectively recorded within 6h after onset and then 24h later were enrolled in the GENISIS (Genetics of Early Neurological InStability after Ischemic Stroke) study. Stepwise linear regression determined variables that independently influenced ΔNIHSS(6–24h). In a subcohort of tPA-treated patients with large vessel occlusion (LVO), the influence of early sustained recanalization and hemorrhagic transformation (HT) on ΔNIHSS(6–24h) was examined. Finally, the association of ΔNIHSS(6–24h) with 90-day favorable outcomes (modified Rankin scale score 0–2) was assessed. Independent analysis was performed using data from the two NINDS tPA stroke trials. RESULTS: For 2555 AIS patients, median baseline NIHSS was 9 (IQR 4–16) and median ΔNIHSS(6–24h) was 2 (IQR 0–5). In a multivariable model, baseline NIHSS, tPA treatment, age, glucose, site and systolic blood pressure independently predicted ΔNIHSS(6–24h) (R(2)=0.15). In the LVO subcohort, early sustained recanalization and HT increased the explained variance (R(2)=0.27), but much of the variance remained unexplained. ΔNIHSS(6–24h) had significant and independent association with 90-day favorable outcome. For the subjects in the two NINDS tPA trials, ΔNIHSS(3–24h) was similarly associated with 90-day outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: The dynamic phenotype, ΔNIHSS(6–24h), captures both explained and unexplained mechanisms involved in AIS, and is significantly and independently associated with long-term outcomes. Thus, ΔNIHSS(6–24h) promises to be an easily obtainable and meaningful quantitative phenotype for large-scale genomic studies of AIS