Las causas judiciales contra la propiedad en la Provincia de Mariquita: prácticas e imaginarios (1821-1830)

La presente tesis analiza las prácticas e imaginarios de la administración judicial de los delitos contra la propiedad en la Provincia de Mariquita entre 1821-1830 a partir de los expedientes judiciales de causalidad económica –como robo, hurto y abigeato–, las relaciones de reos y las leyes pre-codificadoras de la República de Colombia. Dado que la temporalidad de la investigación se centra en la transición al régimen republicano analiza la estructura y funcionamiento de la administración de justicia a fines del régimen colonial e inicios de la república. Para ello, se divide la temporalidad en dos momentos: el primero de 1821 a 1825 y que se caracteriza por la distinción entre el fuero ordinario y el fuero militar; y el segundo, de 1826 a 1830, que permite observar cómo la legislación y las prácticas judiciales se concentraron en proteger la propiedad de los ciudadanosvecinos. Asimismo, analiza el uso de los conceptos ladrón, robo y abigeato, al tipificar las diferentes formas del delito y del delincuente; sugiere al lector que el aspecto, los atributos y comportamientos del ladrón fueron definidos bajo la ley republicana y la estructura de reconocimiento moral de la Colonia. De esta manera, ofrece una descripción de los procesados como presuntos delincuentes en relación con el contexto político y económico de la región. Finalmente, sugiere que los robos se encontraban relacionados a la falta de trabajo y la pauperización de las relaciones laborales en las áreas rurales; pero también atravesados por categorías como vecindad, raza y género

Teorías, métodos y conceptos para la historia del delito en Colombia (siglos XIX y XX)

El libro indaga críticamente los conceptos y las teorías de interpretación del delito,específicamente el homicidio durante el siglo XIX y XX. Aunque su objeto de estudio secentra en el contexto colombiano, argumenta que estuvo supeditado a escuelas y corrientesde pensamiento occidental. Por tal motivo, utiliza un corpus documental extenso, de ricasfuentes bibliográficas del Derecho, tales como manuales, tratados, tesis y lecciones sobrederecho penal en Europa. A su vez, hace uso de la historiografía que ha analizado la imputacióne inimputabilidad del delito en perspectiva histórica. Cabe señalar que ambos tipos de fuentescorresponden a la parte uno y dos, las cuales fueron divididas de esta manera por problemasepistemológicos del Derecho, que limitaron su relación con otras disciplinas

“Blanqueamiento sonoro”, occidentalización del bambuco en la segunda mitad del XIX

The purpose of this text is to return to various sources and specific arguments in the historiography and musicology about Bambuco in the 19th century, an analysis under the eyes of Latin American Postcolonial Studies. Seeking to answer how the Bogota elite determined music as a proto-nationalism, being a phenomenon prior to the discussions of the early 19th century about National Music. Therefore, this text proposes the return to the second half of the 19th century to analyze citizen training projects that legitimized the European genres, “bleached” the most “popular” and ignored the “others”.El presente texto tiene como objetivo retomar diversas fuentes y argumentos expuestos en la historiografía y musicología sobre el bambuco en el siglo XIX, analizándolos bajo la mirada de los estudios poscoloniales latinoamericanos. Así mismo, se busca responder cómo la élite bogotana utilizó la música como un proto-nacionalismo, siendo un fenómeno previo a las discusiones de inicios del siglo XX sobre la música nacional. Por ende, el presente texto se inscribe en el contexto de la segunda mitad del siglo XIX con el fi n de analizar los proyectos de formación ciudadana que legitimaron los géneros europeos, “blanquearon” los géneros más “populares” y finalmente los desconoció

Mejores Trabajos de Grado Volumen 1

"Los mejores trabajos que se publican en este libro comprenden los resultados de los ejercicios finales de estudiantes de los pregrados de Historia, Derecho, Ciencia Política, Comunicación Social, así como de la Maestría en Territorio, Conflicto y Cultura. No se trata de una selección aleatoria, sino de la respuesta a una invitación realizada por el Comité Editorial de la Facultad de Ciencias Humanas y Artes de la Universidad del Tolima. A este propósito, sólo fueron invitados los autores cuyos trabajos de grado obtuvieron las mejor es calificaciones y, por ello, recibieron distinción meritoria o laureada. Dichos autores debieron realizar una labor adicional para adaptar esos trabajos a un capítulo de libro. Esto no es menor, pues debe entenderse que los trabajos de grado responden a una forma y un estilo particular de escritura académica que no es el mismo de un libro de investigación. Es por ello que es aún más encomiable el esfuerzo de nuestros autores para lograr esta publicación. ""Con la colección ""Mejores Trabajos de Grado de la Facultad de Ciencias Humanas y Artes"" se busca exaltar la excelencia académica de los estudiantes que obtuvieron una calificación destacada en sus trabajos de final de carrera, así como la dedicación y guía de los profesores que los acompañaron durante su labor. También se espera que la publicación de este libro motive a nuestros estudiantes de pregrado y posgrado a desarrollar trabajos de grado rigurosos y de alta calidad, con el deseo de que sean incluidos en esta colección y de que sus nombres aparezcan como autores de los capítulos que compondrán los volúmenes venideros. El libro que el lector tiene ahora en sus manos constituye un medio para la difusión y comunicación pública de los resultados de las investigaciones realizadas por nuestros egresados, es una contribución al avance de la academia y busca generar un beneficio más amplio poniéndolo al alcance de la comunidad en general. Esperamos que sea de su agrado. "1ª. Ed.Prólogo Parte I Mejores Trabajos de Grado del programa de Historia 1. Experiencias de los sectores obreros en Ibagué, década de 1930. Jency Katerine Díaz Martínez 2. Esclavitud, resistencia y justicia en Ibagué, 1750-1810. Jeison Alberto Ducuara Nieto 3. La transfiguración de la política. Las sociedades católicas en el alto Magdalena, 1869-1898. Andrea Saavedra Zuluaga 4. La resistencia a la tributación en la República de Colombia, 1821-1827. Viviana Alejandra Calles Arias 5. La cultura jurídica y los grupos subordinados durante la república temprana. Provincia de Mariquita, 1819-1830. Sergio Daniel Arias Carrera 6. El impacto de la Conquista en algunos de los imaginarios y prácticas rituales de los indios pijao. Yuli Alexandra Torres Romero Parte II Mejor Trabajo de Grado del programa de Derecho 7. El sistema tradicional de tutela y la otra forma de protección marcaria: dos normativas cercanas en contraste. Gabriel Andrés Angulo Lloreda 8 Mejores Trabajos de Grado. Volumen 1 Parte III Mejor Trabajo de Grado del programa de Ciencia Política 191 8. Marx y el poder: una ontología de la emancipación. Werner López Pulido Parte IV Mejor Trabajo de Grado del programa de Comunicación Social 9. El discurso literario de la revista Aquelarre: comunicación desde la sociocrítica. July Lizeth Bolívar Rodríguez Parte V Mejores Trabajos de Grado de la maestría en Territorio, Conflicto y Cultura 10. Percepciones sobre el fenómeno social de trabajo infantil desde la experiencia vital de niños y niñas en la plaza de mercado “La 14” de la ciudad de Ibagué. Laura Yamile Henao Morales 11. Conflictos ambientales entre el otorgamiento de títulos mineros y las políticas de ordenación territorial y ambiental en el municipio de Fusagasugá (Cundinamarca), 2006-2018. Oscar Edgardo Duarte Cubillos 12. La representación del territorio y su relación con la violencia en la novela Rebelión de los oficios inútiles (Daniel Ferreira). Daniel Camilo Jiménez Cárdenas 13. Proceso de reintegración comunitaria de los excombatientes residentes en la comuna 12 de Ibagué entre los años 2007 y 2017. Edwin Ferney Moreno Lozan

Subcutaneous anti-COVID-19 hyperimmune immunoglobulin for prevention of disease in asymptomatic individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infection: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised clinical trialResearch in context

Summary: Background: Anti-COVID-19 hyperimmune immunoglobulin (hIG) can provide standardized and controlled antibody content. Data from controlled clinical trials using hIG for the prevention or treatment of COVID-19 outpatients have not been reported. We assessed the safety and efficacy of subcutaneous anti-COVID-19 hyperimmune immunoglobulin 20% (C19-IG20%) compared to placebo in preventing development of symptomatic COVID-19 in asymptomatic individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: We did a multicentre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, in asymptomatic unvaccinated adults (≥18 years of age) with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection within 5 days between April 28 and December 27, 2021. Participants were randomly assigned (1:1:1) to receive a blinded subcutaneous infusion of 10 mL with 1 g or 2 g of C19-IG20%, or an equivalent volume of saline as placebo. The primary endpoint was the proportion of participants who remained asymptomatic through day 14 after infusion. Secondary endpoints included the proportion of individuals who required oxygen supplementation, any medically attended visit, hospitalisation, or ICU, and viral load reduction and viral clearance in nasopharyngeal swabs. Safety was assessed as the proportion of patients with adverse events. The trial was terminated early due to a lack of potential benefit in the target population in a planned interim analysis conducted in December 2021. ClinicalTrials.gov registry: NCT04847141. Findings: 461 individuals (mean age 39.6 years [SD 12.8]) were randomized and received the intervention within a mean of 3.1 (SD 1.27) days from a positive SARS-CoV-2 test. In the prespecified modified intention-to-treat analysis that included only participants who received a subcutaneous infusion, the primary outcome occurred in 59.9% (91/152) of participants receiving 1 g C19-IG20%, 64.7% (99/153) receiving 2 g, and 63.5% (99/156) receiving placebo (difference in proportions 1 g C19-IG20% vs. placebo, −3.6%; 95% CI -14.6% to 7.3%, p = 0.53; 2 g C19-IG20% vs placebo, 1.1%; −9.6% to 11.9%, p = 0.85). None of the secondary clinical efficacy endpoints or virological endpoints were significantly different between study groups. Adverse event rate was similar between groups, and no severe or life-threatening adverse events related to investigational product infusion were reported. Interpretation: Our findings suggested that administration of subcutaneous human hyperimmune immunoglobulin C19-IG20% to asymptomatic individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infection was safe but did not prevent development of symptomatic COVID-19. Funding: Grifols

Effects of pre-operative isolation on postoperative pulmonary complications after elective surgery: an international prospective cohort study an international prospective cohort study

We aimed to determine the impact of pre-operative isolation on postoperative pulmonary complications after elective surgery during the global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. We performed an international prospective cohort study including patients undergoing elective surgery in October 2020. Isolation was defined as the period before surgery during which patients did not leave their house or receive visitors from outside their household. The primary outcome was postoperative pulmonary complications, adjusted in multivariable models for measured confounders. Pre-defined sub-group analyses were performed for the primary outcome. A total of 96,454 patients from 114 countries were included and overall, 26,948 (27.9%) patients isolated before surgery. Postoperative pulmonary complications were recorded in 1947 (2.0%) patients of which 227 (11.7%) were associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Patients who isolated pre-operatively were older, had more respiratory comorbidities and were more commonly from areas of high SARS-CoV-2 incidence and high-income countries. Although the overall rates of postoperative pulmonary complications were similar in those that isolated and those that did not (2.1% vs 2.0%, respectively), isolation was associated with higher rates of postoperative pulmonary complications after adjustment (adjusted OR 1.20, 95%CI 1.05–1.36, p = 0.005). Sensitivity analyses revealed no further differences when patients were categorised by: pre-operative testing; use of COVID-19-free pathways; or community SARS-CoV-2 prevalence. The rate of postoperative pulmonary complications increased with periods of isolation longer than 3 days, with an OR (95%CI) at 4–7 days or ≥ 8 days of 1.25 (1.04–1.48), p = 0.015 and 1.31 (1.11–1.55), p = 0.001, respectively. Isolation before elective surgery might be associated with a small but clinically important increased risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. Longer periods of isolation showed no reduction in the risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. These findings have significant implications for global provision of elective surgical care. We aimed to determine the impact of pre-operative isolation on postoperative pulmonary complications after elective surgery during the global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. We performed an international prospective cohort study including patients undergoing elective surgery in October 2020. Isolation was defined as the period before surgery during which patients did not leave their house or receive visitors from outside their household. The primary outcome was postoperative pulmonary complications, adjusted in multivariable models for measured confounders. Pre-defined sub-group analyses were performed for the primary outcome. A total of 96,454 patients from 114 countries were included and overall, 26,948 (27.9%) patients isolated before surgery. Postoperative pulmonary complications were recorded in 1947 (2.0%) patients of which 227 (11.7%) were associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Patients who isolated pre-operatively were older, had more respiratory comorbidities and were more commonly from areas of high SARS-CoV-2 incidence and high-income countries. Although the overall rates of postoperative pulmonary complications were similar in those that isolated and those that did not (2.1% vs 2.0%, respectively), isolation was associated with higher rates of postoperative pulmonary complications after adjustment (adjusted OR 1.20, 95%CI 1.05–1.36, p = 0.005). Sensitivity analyses revealed no further differences when patients were categorised by: pre-operative testing; use of COVID-19-free pathways; or community SARS-CoV-2 prevalence. The rate of postoperative pulmonary complications increased with periods of isolation longer than 3 days, with an OR (95%CI) at 4–7 days or ≥ 8 days of 1.25 (1.04–1.48), p = 0.015 and 1.31 (1.11–1.55), p = 0.001, respectively. Isolation before elective surgery might be associated with a small but clinically important increased risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. Longer periods of isolation showed no reduction in the risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. These findings have significant implications for global provision of elective surgical care

Rare predicted loss-of-function variants of type I IFN immunity genes are associated with life-threatening COVID-19

BackgroundWe previously reported that impaired type I IFN activity, due to inborn errors of TLR3- and TLR7-dependent type I interferon (IFN) immunity or to autoantibodies against type I IFN, account for 15-20% of cases of life-threatening COVID-19 in unvaccinated patients. Therefore, the determinants of life-threatening COVID-19 remain to be identified in similar to 80% of cases.MethodsWe report here a genome-wide rare variant burden association analysis in 3269 unvaccinated patients with life-threatening COVID-19, and 1373 unvaccinated SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals without pneumonia. Among the 928 patients tested for autoantibodies against type I IFN, a quarter (234) were positive and were excluded.ResultsNo gene reached genome-wide significance. Under a recessive model, the most significant gene with at-risk variants was TLR7, with an OR of 27.68 (95%CI 1.5-528.7, P=1.1x10(-4)) for biochemically loss-of-function (bLOF) variants. We replicated the enrichment in rare predicted LOF (pLOF) variants at 13 influenza susceptibility loci involved in TLR3-dependent type I IFN immunity (OR=3.70[95%CI 1.3-8.2], P=2.1x10(-4)). This enrichment was further strengthened by (1) adding the recently reported TYK2 and TLR7 COVID-19 loci, particularly under a recessive model (OR=19.65[95%CI 2.1-2635.4], P=3.4x10(-3)), and (2) considering as pLOF branchpoint variants with potentially strong impacts on splicing among the 15 loci (OR=4.40[9%CI 2.3-8.4], P=7.7x10(-8)). Finally, the patients with pLOF/bLOF variants at these 15 loci were significantly younger (mean age [SD]=43.3 [20.3] years) than the other patients (56.0 [17.3] years; P=1.68x10(-5)).ConclusionsRare variants of TLR3- and TLR7-dependent type I IFN immunity genes can underlie life-threatening COVID-19, particularly with recessive inheritance, in patients under 60 years old

Global variation in postoperative mortality and complications after cancer surgery: a multicentre, prospective cohort study in 82 countries

© 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 licenseBackground: 80% of individuals with cancer will require a surgical procedure, yet little comparative data exist on early outcomes in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared postoperative outcomes in breast, colorectal, and gastric cancer surgery in hospitals worldwide, focusing on the effect of disease stage and complications on postoperative mortality. Methods: This was a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of consecutive adult patients undergoing surgery for primary breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer requiring a skin incision done under general or neuraxial anaesthesia. The primary outcome was death or major complication within 30 days of surgery. Multilevel logistic regression determined relationships within three-level nested models of patients within hospitals and countries. Hospital-level infrastructure effects were explored with three-way mediation analyses. This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03471494. Findings: Between April 1, 2018, and Jan 31, 2019, we enrolled 15 958 patients from 428 hospitals in 82 countries (high income 9106 patients, 31 countries; upper-middle income 2721 patients, 23 countries; or lower-middle income 4131 patients, 28 countries). Patients in LMICs presented with more advanced disease compared with patients in high-income countries. 30-day mortality was higher for gastric cancer in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (adjusted odds ratio 3·72, 95% CI 1·70–8·16) and for colorectal cancer in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (4·59, 2·39–8·80) and upper-middle-income countries (2·06, 1·11–3·83). No difference in 30-day mortality was seen in breast cancer. The proportion of patients who died after a major complication was greatest in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (6·15, 3·26–11·59) and upper-middle-income countries (3·89, 2·08–7·29). Postoperative death after complications was partly explained by patient factors (60%) and partly by hospital or country (40%). The absence of consistently available postoperative care facilities was associated with seven to 10 more deaths per 100 major complications in LMICs. Cancer stage alone explained little of the early variation in mortality or postoperative complications. Interpretation: Higher levels of mortality after cancer surgery in LMICs was not fully explained by later presentation of disease. The capacity to rescue patients from surgical complications is a tangible opportunity for meaningful intervention. Early death after cancer surgery might be reduced by policies focusing on strengthening perioperative care systems to detect and intervene in common complications. Funding: National Institute for Health Research Global Health Research Unit

Effects of hospital facilities on patient outcomes after cancer surgery: an international, prospective, observational study

© 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 licenseBackground: Early death after cancer surgery is higher in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) compared with in high-income countries, yet the impact of facility characteristics on early postoperative outcomes is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the association between hospital infrastructure, resource availability, and processes on early outcomes after cancer surgery worldwide. Methods: A multimethods analysis was performed as part of the GlobalSurg 3 study—a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study of patients who had surgery for breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer. The primary outcomes were 30-day mortality and 30-day major complication rates. Potentially beneficial hospital facilities were identified by variable selection to select those associated with 30-day mortality. Adjusted outcomes were determined using generalised estimating equations to account for patient characteristics and country-income group, with population stratification by hospital. Findings: Between April 1, 2018, and April 23, 2019, facility-level data were collected for 9685 patients across 238 hospitals in 66 countries (91 hospitals in 20 high-income countries; 57 hospitals in 19 upper-middle-income countries; and 90 hospitals in 27 low-income to lower-middle-income countries). The availability of five hospital facilities was inversely associated with mortality: ultrasound, CT scanner, critical care unit, opioid analgesia, and oncologist. After adjustment for case-mix and country income group, hospitals with three or fewer of these facilities (62 hospitals, 1294 patients) had higher mortality compared with those with four or five (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 3·85 [95% CI 2·58–5·75]; p<0·0001), with excess mortality predominantly explained by a limited capacity to rescue following the development of major complications (63·0% vs 82·7%; OR 0·35 [0·23–0·53]; p<0·0001). Across LMICs, improvements in hospital facilities would prevent one to three deaths for every 100 patients undergoing surgery for cancer. Interpretation: Hospitals with higher levels of infrastructure and resources have better outcomes after cancer surgery, independent of country income. Without urgent strengthening of hospital infrastructure and resources, the reductions in cancer-associated mortality associated with improved access will not be realised. Funding: National Institute for Health and Care Research