Evaluación de las actividades del proyecto ICA-GTZ introducción de un sistema de asistencia técnica integral pecuaria a nivel de las estructuras regionales del ICA (CRECED) y de las principales entidades usuarias.

Ganado de doble propósito-Ganaderia doble proposit

Differentiation of type A foot-and-mouth disease virus subtypes by double-and radial-immunodiffusion analysis.

Para clasificar el virus de la enfermedad de las patas y boca del ganado y reconocer el subtipo, se examinaron cuatro subtipos del virus FMDV (Foot and Mouth Disease Virus) así: A-12, A-24, A-31 y A-32. Si la identidad parcial se obtiene bajo condiciones de campo se indica un nuevo subtipo y deberá ser examinado en mayor detalle. La aplicabilidad de la técnica convencional de inmunodifusión radial para diferenciar subtipos de FMDV fue examinada y probada con antisueros por cada cuatro subtipos de virus para reacciones homólogas y heterogamas. Fueron evidentes las diferencias en apariencia de los anillos formados en el precipitado por sistemas homólogos y heterogamos. Los estimativos de la cantidad de anticuerpos precipitados por estos sistemas, se determinaron asumiendo un valor común (anillo-ración masa), la cual representa la masa inicial de anticuerpo dentro del anillo para la masa de antígenos usados en la fuente. Todos los antisueros contienen gran cantidad de anticuerpos que reaccionan con virus homólogos más que con virus heterogamos. Se hizo un rango tentativo antigénico en el cual los subtipos A-31 y A-32 estuvieron a los extremos de la lista de ordenamiento con subtipos A-24 y A-12 en una posición intermedia así: A-31, A-24, A-12 y A-32. Mientras la doble inmunodifusión permite la diferenciación de estos subtipos, el método SRID (Single Radial Inmunodiffusion Determinations) proporciona estimaciones cuantitativa

Ensayos de vacunas contra la estomatitis vesicular: preparación experimental

Se presentan los resultados preliminares de preparación y evaluación de una vacuna experimental contra la estomatitis vesicular. Se ensayó el método de concentración viral con polietileneglicol y la absorción final de la suspensión acuosa en una mezcla de aceite y emulsificante, previa inactivación de los antígenos obtenidos en cultivos celulares de la línea BHK, con acetiletileneimina. En un intento de concentrar los virus 5 veces el volumen inicial, y con base en el total de unidades fijadoras del complemento, se obtuvo un rendimiento viral promedio de 3.09 para el virus New Jersey y 2.88 para el virus Indiana. Utilizando 3 concentraciones de acetiletileneimina (0.05, 0.10 y 0.15 por ciento), y registrando la residualidad infecciosa en 4 tiempos sucesivos después de agregado el inactivante, no se observaron diferencias significativas en las tazas de inactivación. Por análisis de regresión, se determinó que las cepas New Jersey e Indiana disminuyen su título infectante en 0.024 y 0.019 log/minuto con inactivación total a las 5 horas, 40 minutos y 7 horas, respectivamente. Por prueba en 2 grupos de 3 bovinos, vacunados con New Jersey e Indiana, descargados con los virus homólogos, pudo observarse que con New Jersey uno de los 3 bovinos vacunados presentó un índice protectivo igual o mayor de 1.5 log/ml. En los 2 restantes no fué posible establecer la diferencia. En ambos grupos, al momento de las descargas, los niveles de anticuerpos neutralizantes eran superiores a los obtenidos cuando se vacunaron Finalmente se discute la importancia de ensayos de campo en áreas de presentación periódica de la enfermeda

Field analysis of solar PV-based collective systems for rural electrification.

This article analyses the long-term performance of collective off-grid photovoltaic (PV) systems in rural areas. The use of collective PV systems for the electrification of small medium-size villages in developing countries has increased in the recent years. They are basically set up as stand-alone installations (diesel hybrid or pure PV) with no connection with other electrical grids. Their particular conditions (isolated) and usual installation places (far from commercial/industrial centers) require an autonomous and reliable technology. Different but related factors affect their performance and the energy supply; some of them are strictly technical but others depend on external issues like the solar energy resource and users’ energy and power consumption. The work presented is based on field operation of twelve collective PV installations supplying the electricity to off-grid villages located in the province of Jujuy, Argentina. Five of them have PV generators as unique power source while other seven include the support of diesel groups. Load demand evolution, energy productivity and fuel consumption are analyzed. Besides, energy generation strategies (PV/diesel) are also discussed

Stimulation of the beta-2-adrenergic receptor with salbutamol activates human brown adipose tissue

While brown adipose tissue (BAT) is activated by the beta-3-adrenergic receptor (ADRB3) in rodents, in human brown adipocytes, the ADRB2 is dominantly present and responsible for noradrenergic activation. Therefore, we performed a randomized double-blinded crossover trial in young lean men to compare the effects of single intravenous bolus of the ADRB2 agonist salbutamol without and with the ADRB1/2 antago-nist propranolol on glucose uptake by BAT, assessed by dynamic 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography scan (i.e., primary outcome). Salbutamol, compared with salbutamol with propranolol, increases glucose uptake by BAT, without affecting the glucose uptake by skeletal muscle and white adipose tissue. The salbutamol-induced glucose uptake by BAT positively asso-ciates with the increase in energy expenditure. Notably, participants with high salbutamol-induced glucose uptake by BAT have lower body fat mass, waist-hip ratio, and serum LDL-cholesterol concentration. In conclusion, specific ADRB2 agonism activates human BAT, which warrants investigation of ADRB2 activation in long-term studies (EudraCT: 2020-004059-34).NWO091506191007

The outer orbit of the high-mass stellar triple system Herschel 36 determined with the VLTI

Multiplicity is a ubiquitous characteristic of massive stars. Multiple systems offer us a unique observational constraint on the formation of high-mass systems. Herschel 36 A is a massive triple system composed of a close binary (Ab1-Ab2) and an outer component (Aa). We measured the orbital motion of the outer component of Herschel 36 A using infrared interferometry with the AMBER and PIONIER instruments of ESO’s Very Large Telescope Interferometer. Our immediate aims are to constrain the masses of all components of this system and to determine if the outer orbit is co-planar with the inner one. Reported spectroscopic data for all two components of this system and our interferometric data allow us to derive full orbital solutions for the outer orbit Aa-Ab and the inner orbit Ab1-Ab2. For the first time, we derive the absolute masses of mAa = 22.3 ± 1.7, mAb1 = 20.5 ± 1.5, and mAb2 = 12.5 ± 0.9 M⊙. Despite not being able to resolve the close binary components, we infer the inclination of their orbit by imposing the same parallax as the outer orbit. Inclinations derived from the inner and outer orbits imply a modest difference of about 22° between the orbital planes. We discuss this result and the formation of Herschel 36 A in the context of Core Accretion and Competitive Accretion models, which make different predictions regarding the statistic of the relative orbital inclinations. © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal Astronomical Society.RS and AA acknowledge financial support from the State Agency for Research of the Spanish MCIU through the ‘Center of Excellence Severo Ochoa’ award for the Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (SEV-2017-0709). RS acknowledges financial support from national project PGC2018-095049-B-C21 (MCIU/AEI/FEDER, UE). AA acknowledges financial support from national project PID2020-117404GB-C21 (MCIU/AEI/FEDER, UE). JSB acknowledges the financial support from the ‘Visitor Scientist Program’ of the ‘Center of Excellence Severo Ochoa’ provided by the IAA-CSIC; and to the ‘ESO-Garching Visitor Program’ of the European Southern Observatory. This work presents results from the European Space Agency (ESA) space mission Gaia. Gaia data are being processed by the Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC). Funding for the DPAC is provided by national institutions, in particular the institutions participating in the Gaia MultiLateral Agreement (MLA).Peer reviewe

FGF receptor genes and breast cancer susceptibility: results from the Breast Cancer Association Consortium

Background:Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancies in women. Genome-wide association studies have identified FGFR2 as a breast cancer susceptibility gene. Common variation in other fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptors might also modify risk. We tested this hypothesis by studying genotyped single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and imputed SNPs in FGFR1, FGFR3, FGFR4 and FGFRL1 in the Breast Cancer Association Consortium. Methods:Data were combined from 49 studies, including 53 835 cases and 50 156 controls, of which 89 050 (46 450 cases and 42 600 controls) were of European ancestry, 12 893 (6269 cases and 6624 controls) of Asian and 2048 (1116 cases and 932 controls) of African ancestry. Associations with risk of breast cancer, overall and by disease sub-type, were assessed using unconditional logistic regression. Results:Little evidence of association with breast cancer risk was observed for SNPs in the FGF receptor genes. The strongest evidence in European women was for rs743682 in FGFR3; the estimated per-allele odds ratio was 1.05 (95 confidence interval=1.02-1.09, P=0.0020), which is substantially lower than that observed for SNPs in FGFR2. Conclusion:Our results suggest that common variants in the other FGF receptors are not associated with risk of breast cancer to the degree observed for FGFR2. © 2014 Cancer Research UK

Characteristics of community-Acquired carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales

Background: Community-Acquired carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CA-CRE) are an important threat. Methods: In CRACKLE-2, we defined patients with CA-CRE as admitted from home, without pre-existing conditions, and a positive culture within 48 h of admission. Healthcare-Associated CRE (HA-CRE) were those with the lowest likelihood of community acquisition, not admitted from home and cultured >48 h after admission. Specific genetic markers in carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae were evaluated through random forest modelling. Results: CA-CRE and HA-CRE were detected in 83 (10%) and 208 (26%) of 807 patients. No significant differences were observed in bacterial species or strain type distribution. K. pneumoniae (204/291, 70%) was the most common CRE species, of these 184/204 (90%) were carbapenemase producers (CPKP). The top three genetic markers in random forest models were kpi_SA15, fimE, and kpfC. Of these, kpi_SA15 (which encodes a chaperone/usher system) was positively associated (OR 3.14, 95% CI 1.13-8.87, P = 0.026), and kpfC negatively associated (OR 0.21, 95% CI 0.05-0.72, P = 0.015) with CA-CPKP. Conclusions: Ten percent of CDC-defined CRE were CA. The true proportion of CA-CRE in hospitalized patients is likely lower as patients may have had unrecorded prior healthcare exposure. The kpi_SA15 operon was associated with the CA phenotype

Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in U.S. Hospitals: Diversification of Circulating Lineages and Antimicrobial Resistance

Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAb) is a major cause of health care-associated infections. CRAb is typically multidrug resistant, and infection is difficult to treat. Despite the urgent threat that CRAb poses, few systematic studies of CRAb clinical and molecular epidemiology have been conducted. The Study Network of Acinetobacter as a Carbapenem-Resistant Pathogen (SNAP) is designed to investigate the clinical characteristics and contemporary population structure of CRAb circulating in U.S. hospital systems using whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Analysis of the initial 120 SNAP patients from four U.S. centers revealed that CRAb remains a significant threat to hospitalized patients, affecting the most vulnerable patients and resulting in 24% all-cause 30-day mortality. The majority of currently circulating isolates belonged to ST2Pas, a part of clonal complex 2 (CC2), which is the dominant drug-resistant lineage in the United States and Europe. We identified three distinct sublineages within CC2, which differed in their antibiotic resistance phenotypes and geographic distribution. Most concerning, colistin resistance (38%) and cefiderocol resistance (10%) were common within CC2 sublineage C (CC2C), where the majority of isolates belonged to ST2Pas/ST281Ox. Additionally, we identified ST499Pas as the most common non-CC2 lineage in our study. Our findings suggest a shift within the CRAb population in the United States during the past 10 years and emphasize the importance of real-time surveillance and molecular epidemiology in studying CRAb dissemination and clinical impact